Welcome. Thank you for your time.
Survey participation is voluntary. The information collected will be used by the Federal Highway Administration to update the “High Risk Rural Roads Study, Report to Congress, and Best Practices Manual” that is required under the 23 U.S.C. 148 note of the “Bipartisan Infrastructure Law” (BIL) (Public Law 117-58). Public reporting burden is estimated to average four (4) hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering data if needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. The OMB control number for this collection is XXXXX. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to: Information Collection Clearance Officer, Federal Highway Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, Washington, DC 20590.
Survey Information.
This questionnaire is designed to help identify roadway safety infrastructure improvements for State and local high risk rural roads and the levels of effectiveness, associated costs, and typical life cycles of these improvements.
High risk rural roads are defined in 23 USC 148(a)(1) as “any roadway functionally classified as a rural major or minor collector or a rural local road with significant safety risks, as defined by a State in accordance with an updated State strategic highway safety plan.”
For the purposes of this questionnaire, please consider, high risk rural roads where safety treatments have been implemented by your agency, regardless of the funding sources for those treatments. Each State defines “high risk,” but the treatment must occur on rural major or minor collectors or rural local roads.
For the questions in the survey, please answer them to the best of your ability, with the following timeframe in mind: calendar years 2013-2022.
Survey Instructions.
The survey does not have to be completed in one session. The survey automatically saves your answers, so you can complete the survey over multiple days. All questions require an answer to move to the next question. You are also able to return to previous questions to review and/or update answers. Please take your time completing this survey and consult your agency subject matter experts as appropriate, so we collect the best information for updating the “High Risk Rural Roads Study, Report to Congress, and Best Practices Manual.” (Link to Manual: https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/hrrr/manual/hrrr_2014.pdf)
QUESTIONS
What type of agency do you represent?
State transportation agency
Local transportation agency
Other à Explain: _______
If the respondent indicated they are affiliated with a local agency, they will be presented with question a. and b.
Does your agency have a dedicated safety improvement program (e.g., roadway safety plan, roadway safety related policies, dedicated safety funding)?
Yes
No
[Note to reviewers: The purpose of this question is to determine if the agency has a formal safety program (and thus is likely to have more exposure to a wide array of treatments) or if funding for safety improvements is minimal, as this could influence the cost effectiveness assessments for such agencies.]
Does your agency have a staff member or members primarily responsible for the oversight of safety improvements and/or maintenance of the improvements?
Yes
No
Please list the name and location (e.g., City, State) of the agency that you represent.
Agency Name: _____________________________________
Location: ____________________________________
FHWA’s Proven Safety Countermeasure initiative promotes 28 countermeasures and strategies effective in reducing roadway fatalities and serious injuries on our Nation’s highways. What proven safety countermeasures has your agency used for high risk rural road locations? (check all that apply)
If you are unsure of what these countermeasures are, please review the FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasure website at: https://highways.dot.gov/safety/proven-safety-countermeasures. The list below is presented in the same order as shown on the website, organized into the following focus area categories: Speed Management, Pedestrian/Bicyclist, Roadway Departure, Intersections, and Crosscutting.
Speed Management:
Appropriate speed limits for all road users
Speed safety cameras
Variable speed limits
Pedestrian/Bicyclist:
Bicycle lanes
Crosswalk visibility enhancements
Leading pedestrian interval
Medians and pedestrian refuge islands
Pedestrian hybrid beacons
Rectangular rapid flashing beacons
Road diets (roadway configuration)
Walkways
Roadway Departure:
Enhanced delineation for horizontal curves (e.g., pavement markings, chevrons, delineators, etc.)
Longitudinal rumble strips and stripes on two-lane roads
Median barriers
Roadside design improvements at curves (e.g., clear zone, slope flattening, shoulders, roadside barriers, etc.)
SafetyEdgeSM
Wider edge lines
Intersections:
Traffic signal backplates with retroreflective borders
Corridor access management
Dedicated left- and right-turn lanes at intersections
Reduced left-turn conflict intersections
Roundabouts
Systemic application of multiple low-cost countermeasures at stop-controlled intersections
Traffic signal yellow change intervals
Crosscutting:
Lighting
Local road safety plans
Pavement friction management
Road safety audit
The next set of questions will ask you to identify individual safety infrastructure treatments used by your agency. Multiple treatments will be listed in each question, and you will be able to check all that apply. The 6 categories that individual treatments are listed under are shown below and correspond to the next set of questions.
Signing and pavement marking safety infrastructure treatment
Intersection-specific safety improvement infrastructure treatments
Pavement and shoulder resurfacing and widening safety infrastructure treatments
Roadside safety infrastructure treatments
Pedestrian and bicyclist safety infrastructure treatments
Please identify the individual signing and pavement marking safety infrastructure treatments used by your agency at high risk rural road locations. (check all that apply)
Install advance curve warning and advisory speed signs at horizontal curve locations
Install chevron signs at horizontal curve locations
Install large arrow signs at horizontal curve locations
Install post-mounted delineators at horizontal curve locations
Enhance warning signs (increase size, improve sheeting conspicuity, or double signs)
Install variable speed limits signs
Install dynamic speed feedback signs
Install standard edge line markings where previously not present
Convert standard edge line markings to wide (greater than 4”) edge line markings
Install center line markings where previously not present
Convert center line markings to wide (greater than 4”) center line markings
Install raised pavement markers along the center line exclusively at horizontal curve locations
Install raised pavement markers along the length of the center line for an entire segment or corridor
Install edge line longitudinal rumble stripes (Note: rumble strips will be included in a later question) (https://highways.dot.gov/safety/proven-safety-countermeasures/longitudinal-rumble-strips-and-stripes-two-lane-roads)
Others àList: _______________________________________________
For the safety infrastructure improvements you previously selected (listed below), identify a minimum of one (1) and up to five (5) of the most effective treatments your agency has deployed since 2013. Note that for each treatment selected, you will be asked about approximate quantity installed, initial investment, projected life, maintenance and cost, and safety effectiveness.
Respondent will be presented with all of the ones they selected in the previous question.
(and so on)
The following questions 4b-h will loop for each of the options the respondent selected in question 4a.
Select the unit of measurement that best fits this treatment: {selected option from question 4a}. (Note: the unit selected will correspond to the upcoming questions.)
Linear foot
Linear mile
Square foot
Each
Lump sum
Other _________________
Approximate quantity installed of this treatment on high risk rural roads since 2013 (e.g., 5 roundabouts, 100 miles of rumble strips):
_________________
Indicate initial investment of this treatment per the unit of measurement selected in 4b:
_________________
Projected life of this treatment for the initial installation:
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Greater than 20 years
Do not know
Required maintenance timeframe of this treatment:
None
Every 1 year
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
Every 10 years
Every 20 years
Do not know
Maintenance cost per period per unit (refer to timeframe selected in 4f):
Integrated into maintenance program, so unknown
$1,000 to $5,000
$5,000 to $10,000
$10,000 to $25,000
$25,000 to $50,000
$50,000 to $75,000
$75,000 to $100,000
Greater than $100,000
Do not know
Evaluation/assessment results of this treatment, measured in reduction of "fatal injury" and "suspected serious injury" crashes:
A fatal injury is an injury that results in death within 30 days aft er the motor vehicle crash in which the injury occurred.
A suspected serious injury is an injury other than fatal which results in one or more of the following:
Severe laceration resulting in exposure of underlying tissue/muscle/organs or resulting in significant loss of blood
Broken or distorted extremity (arm or leg)
Suspected skull, chest, or abdominal injury other than bruises or minor lacerations
Significant burns (second or third degree burns over 10 percent or more of the body)
Unconsciousness when taken from the crash scene
Paralysis
Treatment has not been evaluated/assessed
Greater than 30% reduction
21-30% reduction
11-20% reduction
10% or less reduction
No change
Please identify the individual intersection-specific safety infrastructure treatments used by your agency at high risk rural road locations. (check all that apply)
Construct left-turn lanes where none currently exist
Modify existing left-turn lanes to be offset left-turn lanes
Construct offset left-turn lanes where left-turn lanes currently do not exist
Construct two-way left turn lanes (TWLTL) on two lane roads.
Construct right-turn lanes
Construct bypass lanes on two-lane roadways (lane that allows traffic to move around a vehicle waiting in the through lane to make a left turn)
Construct acceleration lanes
Install advance intersection warning signage where it currently does not exist
Improve existing advance intersection warning signage
Provide flashing beacons at intersection approaches
Add dynamic advanced warning sign systems at intersection approaches
Convert two-way STOP control intersection to four-way STOP control intersection
Construct mini-roundabout
Convert STOP control intersection to signalized intersection
Improve traffic signal visibility (larger diameter lens or install signal backplate)
Install signal backplates with retroreflective borders
Install priority control systems for emergency vehicles
Install or improve intersection lighting
Install transverse rumble strips on stop-controlled approaches
Convert a traditional intersection (stop-controlled or signalized) into a roundabout
Convert a traditional intersection (stop-controlled or signalized) into a reduced left-turn conflict intersection (https://highways.dot.gov/safety/proven-safety-countermeasures/reduced-left-turn-conflict-intersections)
Reconstruct a skewed intersection
Convert an at-grade intersection into a grade-separated interchange
Install railroad crossing hardware and warning systems where they currently do not exist
Upgrade existing railroad crossing hardware and warning systems
Remove an existing railroad crossing
Convert an at-grade railroad crossing to a grade-separated railroad crossing
Others à List: _______________________________________________
For the safety infrastructure improvements you previously selected (listed below), identify a minimum of one (1) and up to five (5) of the most effective treatments your agency has deployed since 2013. Note that for each treatment selected, you will be asked about approximate quantity installed, initial investment, projected life, maintenance and cost, and safety effectiveness.
Respondent will be presented with all of the ones they selected in the previous question.
Selected option from previous question
Selected option from previous question
(and so on)
The following questions 5b-h will loop for each of the options the respondent selected in question 5a.
Select the unit of measurement that best fits this treatment: {selected option from question 5a}. (Note: the unit selected will correspond to the upcoming questions.)
Linear foot
Linear mile
Square foot
Each
Lump sum
Other _________________
Approximate quantity installed of this treatment on high risk rural roads since 2013 (e.g., 5 roundabouts, 100 miles of rumble strips):
_________________
Indicate initial investment of this treatment per the unit of measurement selected in 5b:
_________________
Projected life of this treatment for the initial installation:
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Greater than 20 years
Do not know
Required maintenance timeframe of this treatment:
None
Every 1 year
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
Every 10 years
Every 20 years
Do not know
Maintenance cost per period per unit (refer to timeframe selected in 5f):
Integrated into maintenance program, so unknown
$1,000 to $5,000
$5,000 to $10,000
$10,000 to $25,000
$25,000 to $50,000
$50,000 to $75,000
$75,000 to $100,000
Greater than $100,000
Do not know
Evaluation/assessment results of this treatment, measured in reduction of "fatal injury" and "suspected serious injury" crashes:
A fatal injury is an injury that results in death within 30 days aft er the motor vehicle crash in which the injury occurred.
A suspected serious injury is an injury other than fatal which results in one or more of the following:
Severe laceration resulting in exposure of underlying tissue/muscle/organs or resulting in significant loss of blood
Broken or distorted extremity (arm or leg)
Suspected skull, chest, or abdominal injury other than bruises or minor lacerations
Significant burns (second or third degree burns over 10 percent or more of the body)
Unconsciousness when taken from the crash scene
Paralysis
Treatment has not been evaluated/assessed
Greater than 30% reduction
21-30% reduction
11-20% reduction
10% or less reduction
No change
Please identify the individual pavement and shoulder resurfacing and widening safety infrastructure treatments used by your agency at high risk rural road locations. (check all that apply)
Resurface existing road to improve skid resistance
Widen existing travel lanes by two feet or less per lane
Adjust superelevation through the limits of a horizontal curve
Add passing lanes or truck climbing lanes
Install or maintain a graded shoulder
Pave an existing shoulder
Widen an existing paved shoulder
Install turnouts (used for refuge space for disabled vehicles or enforcement)
Install a SafetyEdgeSM (https://highways.dot.gov/safety/proven-safety-countermeasures/safetyedgesm)
Install continuous longitudinal rumble strips (https://highways.dot.gov/safety/proven-safety-countermeasures/longitudinal-rumble-strips-and-stripes-two-lane-roads)
Install targeted longitudinal rumble strips at key locations (such as on the outside of horizontal curves only)
Install sinusoidal rumble strips/mumble strips
Install transverse rumble strips prior to horizontal curves
Others à List: _______________________________________________
If the respondent selects, “Install continuous longitudinal rumble strips,” they will be presented with question a.
Where did you install continuous longitudinal rumble strips? (check all that apply)
Center line
Shoulder
For the safety infrastructure improvements you previously selected (listed below), identify a minimum of one (1) and up to five (5) of the most effective treatments your agency has deployed since 2013. Note that for each treatment selected, you will be asked about approximate quantity installed, initial investment, projected life, maintenance and cost, and safety effectiveness.
Respondent will be presented with all of the ones they selected in the previous question.
Selected option from previous question
Selected option from previous question
(and so on)
The following questions 6c-i will loop for each of the options the respondent selected in question 6b.
Select the unit of measurement that best fits this treatment: {selected option from question 6b}. (Note: the unit selected will correspond to the upcoming questions.)
Linear foot
Linear mile
Square foot
Each
Lump sum
Other _________________
Approximate quantity installed of this treatment on high risk rural roads since 2013 (e.g., 5 roundabouts, 100 miles of rumble strips):
_________________
Indicate initial investment of this treatment per the unit of measurement selected in 6c:
_________________
Projected life of this treatment for the initial installation:
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Greater than 20 years
Do not know
Required maintenance timeframe of this treatment:
None
Every 1 year
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
Every 10 years
Every 20 years
Do not know
Maintenance cost per period per unit (refer to timeframe selected in 6g):
Integrated into maintenance program, so unknown
$1,000 to $5,000
$5,000 to $10,000
$10,000 to $25,000
$25,000 to $50,000
$50,000 to $75,000
$75,000 to $100,000
Greater than $100,000
Do not know
Evaluation/assessment results of this treatment, measured in reduction of "fatal injury" and "suspected serious injury" crashes:
A fatal injury is an injury that results in death within 30 days aft er the motor vehicle crash in which the injury occurred.
A suspected serious injury is an injury other than fatal which results in one or more of the following:
Severe laceration resulting in exposure of underlying tissue/muscle/organs or resulting in significant loss of blood
Broken or distorted extremity (arm or leg)
Suspected skull, chest, or abdominal injury other than bruises or minor lacerations
Significant burns (second or third degree burns over 10 percent or more of the body)
Unconsciousness when taken from the crash scene
Paralysis
Treatment has not been evaluated/assessed
Greater than 30% reduction
21-30% reduction
11-20% reduction
10% or less reduction
No change
Please identify the individual roadside safety infrastructure treatments used by your agency at high risk rural road locations. (check all that apply)
Install breakaway sign posts or breakaway light/signal poles
Flatten road sideslope
Remove roadside objects such as isolated trees or boulders
Increase the clear zone distance to rigid roadside features
Relocate outside the clear zone, redesign, or bury utilities
Improve sight distance by maintaining roadside vegetation
Convert culvert headwalls to traversable end treatments
Shield roadside objects (with a concrete barrier or guardrail)
Upgrade non-crashworthy end treatments of existing guardrail
Upgrade existing guardrail system
Install median barrier
Install median guardrail
Install median cable barrier
Widen existing median
Install crash cushions at select roadside object locations (such as bridge abutments or concrete barrier ends)
Others à List: _______________________________________________
If the respondent selects, “Install median barrier,” they will be presented with question a.
What type(s) of median barrier did you install? (check all that apply)
Concrete median barrier
Median guardrail
Median cable barrier
For the safety infrastructure improvements you previously selected (listed below), identify a minimum of one (1) and up to five (5) of the most effective treatments your agency has deployed since 2013. Note that for each treatment selected, you will be asked about approximate quantity installed, initial investment, projected life, maintenance and cost, and safety effectiveness.
Respondent will be presented with all of the ones they selected in the previous question.
Selected option from previous question
Selected option from previous question
(and so on)
The following questions 7c-i will loop for each of the options the respondent selected in question 7b.
Select the unit of measurement that best fits this treatment: {selected option from question 7b}. (Note: the unit selected will correspond to the upcoming questions.)
Linear foot
Linear mile
Square foot
Each
Lump sum
Other _________________
Approximate quantity installed of this treatment on high risk rural roads since 2013 (e.g., 5 roundabouts, 100 miles of rumble strips):
_________________
Indicate initial investment of this treatment per the unit of measurement selected in 7c:
_________________
Projected life of this treatment for the initial installation:
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Greater than 20 years
Do not know
Required maintenance timeframe of this treatment:
None
Every 1 year
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
Every 10 years
Every 20 years
Do not know
Maintenance cost per period per unit (refer to timeframe selected in 7g):
Integrated into maintenance program, so unknown
$1,000 to $5,000
$5,000 to $10,000
$10,000 to $25,000
$25,000 to $50,000
$50,000 to $75,000
$75,000 to $100,000
Greater than $100,000
Do not know
Evaluation/assessment results of this treatment, measured in reduction of "fatal injury" and "suspected serious injury" crashes:
A fatal injury is an injury that results in death within 30 days aft er the motor vehicle crash in which the injury occurred.
A suspected serious injury is an injury other than fatal which results in one or more of the following:
Severe laceration resulting in exposure of underlying tissue/muscle/organs or resulting in significant loss of blood
Broken or distorted extremity (arm or leg)
Suspected skull, chest, or abdominal injury other than bruises or minor lacerations
Significant burns (second or third degree burns over 10 percent or more of the body)
Unconsciousness when taken from the crash scene
Paralysis
Treatment has not been evaluated/assessed
Greater than 30% reduction
21-30% reduction
11-20% reduction
10% or less reduction
No change
Do not know
Please identify pedestrian and bicyclist safety infrastructure treatments used by your agency at high risk rural road locations. (check all that apply)
Construct continuous pedestrian facilities (e.g. sidewalk, separated multi-use path, etc.)
Install pedestrian signal heads at existing signalized intersections
Modify signal timing to benefit pedestrians (e.g., leading pedestrian interval, exclusive pedestrian phase)
Install crosswalks
Construct pedestrian refuge islands
Construct curb extensions/bump-outs
Install pedestrian hybrid beacons (PHB)
Install rectangular rapid flashing beacons (RRFB)
Construct shared-use path (used for both pedestrians and bicycles)
Construct dedicated bicycle lane
Mark paved shoulder as bicycle lane
Sign and/or mark a shared bicycle lane (bicycle and vehicle share the same space)
Install treatment to improve transit/bus stop safety à List: __________________________
Deploy traffic calming techniques à List: __________________________
Others à List: _______________________________________________
For the safety infrastructure improvements you previously selected (listed below), identify a minimum of one (1) and up to five (5) of the most effective treatments your agency has deployed since 2013. Note that for each treatment selected, you will be asked about approximate quantity installed, initial investment, projected life, maintenance and cost, and safety effectiveness.
Respondent will be presented with all of the ones they selected in the previous question.
Selected option from previous question
Selected option from previous question
(and so on)
The following questions 8b-h will loop for each of the options the respondent selected in question 8a.
Select the unit of measurement that best fits this treatment: {selected option from question 8a}. (Note: the unit selected will correspond to the upcoming questions.)
Linear foot
Linear mile
Square foot
Each
Lump sum
Other _________________
Approximate quantity installed of this treatment on high risk rural roads since 2013 (e.g., 5 roundabouts, 100 miles of rumble strips):
_________________
Indicate initial investment of this treatment per the unit of measurement selected in 8b:
_________________
Projected life of this treatment for the initial installation:
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Greater than 20 years
Do not know
Required maintenance timeframe of this treatment:
None
Every 1 year
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
Every 10 years
Every 20 years
Do not know
Maintenance cost per period per unit (refer to timeframe selected in 8f):
Integrated into maintenance program, so unknown
$1,000 to $5,000
$5,000 to $10,000
$10,000 to $25,000
$25,000 to $50,000
$50,000 to $75,000
$75,000 to $100,000
Greater than $100,000
Do not know
Evaluation/assessment results of this treatment, measured in reduction of "fatal injury" and "suspected serious injury" crashes:
A fatal injury is an injury that results in death within 30 days aft er the motor vehicle crash in which the injury occurred.
A suspected serious injury is an injury other than fatal which results in one or more of the following:
Severe laceration resulting in exposure of underlying tissue/muscle/organs or resulting in significant loss of blood
Broken or distorted extremity (arm or leg)
Suspected skull, chest, or abdominal injury other than bruises or minor lacerations
Significant burns (second or third degree burns over 10 percent or more of the body)
Unconsciousness when taken from the crash scene
Paralysis
Treatment has not been evaluated/assessed
Greater than 30% reduction
21-30% reduction
11-20% reduction
10% or less reduction
No change
Do not know
Please identify other safety infrastructure treatments used by your agency at high risk rural road locations. (check all that apply)
Convert a two-lane two-way road into a three-lane road with one lane in each direction of travel plus a continuous two-way left-turn lane
Convert a two-lane two-way road into a four-lane divided two-way road
Convert a four-lane undivided two-way road into a three-lane road with one lane in each direction of travel plus a continuous two-way left-turn lane (i.e., Road Diet)
Convert a four-lane undivided two-way road into a five-lane road with two lanes in each direction of travel plus a continuous two-way left-turn lane
Modify horizontal geometry to enhance safety (e.g., increase radii) à Identify: ____________________________
Modify vertical geometry to improve vertical sight distance à Identify: ________________________________________
Install reference location signs (e.g., milepost markers that provide a means to identify the location of an incident/crash)
Construct snow fences
Install automatic anti-icing systems (often used on bridges)
Install ITS road-weather signs/systems that detect and warn motorists of road weather conditions (e.g., fog, flooding, high winds, dust storms, ice storms, blizzards)
Install ITS wrong-way driver system
Construct wildlife fencing
Install grade-separated wildlife crossing structure (e.g., culvert or bridge)
Install ITS wildlife detection signs/systems
Implement variable speed limits
Others à List: _______________________________________________
For the safety infrastructure improvements you previously selected (listed below), identify a minimum of one (1) and up to five (5) of the most effective treatments your agency has deployed since 2013. Note that for each treatment selected, you will be asked about approximate quantity installed, initial investment, projected life, maintenance and cost, and safety effectiveness.
Respondent will be presented with all of the ones they selected in the previous question.
Selected option from previous question
Selected option from previous question
(and so on)
The following questions 9b-h will loop for each of the options the respondent selected in question 9a.
Select the unit of measurement that best fits this treatment: {selected option from question 9a}. (Note: the unit selected will correspond to the upcoming questions.)
Linear foot
Linear mile
Square foot
Each
Lump sum
Other _________________
Approximate quantity installed of this treatment on high risk rural roads since 2013 (e.g., 5 roundabouts, 100 miles of rumble strips):
_________________
Indicate initial investment of this treatment per the unit of measurement selected in 9b:
_________________
Projected life of this treatment for the initial installation:
Less than 1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
5-10 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Greater than 20 years
Do not know
Required maintenance timeframe of this treatment:
None
Every 1 year
Every 2 years
Every 5 years
Every 10 years
Every 20 years
Do not know
Maintenance cost per period per unit (refer to timeframe selected in 9f):
Integrated into maintenance program, so unknown
$1,000 to $5,000
$5,000 to $10,000
$10,000 to $25,000
$25,000 to $50,000
$50,000 to $75,000
$75,000 to $100,000
Greater than $100,000
Do not know
Evaluation/assessment results of this treatment, measured in reduction of "fatal injury" and "suspected serious injury" crashes:
A fatal injury is an injury that results in death within 30 days aft er the motor vehicle crash in which the injury occurred.
A suspected serious injury is an injury other than fatal which results in one or more of the following:
Severe laceration resulting in exposure of underlying tissue/muscle/organs or resulting in significant loss of blood
Broken or distorted extremity (arm or leg)
Suspected skull, chest, or abdominal injury other than bruises or minor lacerations
Significant burns (second or third degree burns over 10 percent or more of the body)
Unconsciousness when taken from the crash scene
Paralysis
Treatment has not been evaluated/assessed
Greater than 30% reduction
21-30% reduction
11-20% reduction
10% or less reduction
No change
Do not know
What is the lowest benefit/cost ratio your agency is willing to accept to treat a known safety issue?
___________________
Do Not Know
What considerations go into establishing the limit for project costs to treat a known safety issue? ____________________
Consider safety projects that your agency has implemented with only agency funding (i.e., not seeking funds from other agencies). What is typically the highest cost of those projects?
Cost in dollars: _____________
Not applicable à Explain: ___________________________________________
How does your agency assess the effectiveness of a safety treatment after it has been implemented? (check all that apply)
Crash frequency (all crashes)
Crash frequency (serious injury and fatal crashes)
Crash rate (crash frequency divided by exposure data, typically traffic volume or roadway mileage)
Cost-benefit ratio (or benefit-cost ratio)
Cost-effectiveness index (present value of project costs divided by the estimated average annual crash reduction)
Severity index à Explain: ____________________________________
Other method Explain: ___________________________________________
Our agency does not assess effectiveness of specific treatments à Explain: ___________________________
Do not know
Not applicableà Explain: ___________________________________________
Does your agency use performance measures to evaluate the safety effectiveness on high risk rural road facilities? (check all that apply)
Yes, for infrastructure safety treatments
Yes, for projects
Yes, for safety programs
No
Do not know
If the respondent selects any of the yes options, they will be presented with question a.
Please describe the performance measures your agency uses: __________________________
What data sources does your agency use to evaluate the safety effectiveness of treatments? (check all that apply)
Crash data
Conflict studies
Surrogate measures (an alternate way to detect if safety has been improved, e.g., no more tire braking marks or tire rutting off the edge of pavement) à Explain:___________________________________
Others à Explain: ______________________________________________
Do not know
Not applicable
If the respondent indicated that their agency uses crash data for safety evaluation, they will be presented with question a.
What period of years does your agency use when evaluating crash data?
1 year
3 years
5 years
Other à Explain: ____________________________________________
What methods does your agency use to identify rural road locations that need safety infrastructure improvements? (check all that apply)
Network screening (method that considers crash history, roadway factors, and traffic characteristics that may contribute to future crashes)
Crash frequency
Crash rate
Excess predicted crash frequency using SPFs
Excess expected crash frequency with the EB adjustment
Excess proportions of specific crash types
Expected crash frequency with EB adjustment
Level of service of safety (LOSS)
Probability of specific crash types
Locations are identified and/or recommended by a different agency
Other à Explain: ________________________________________
Do not know
Not applicable
Which methods does your agency use to assist in selecting appropriate safety treatments? (check all that apply)
Crash data analysis
Data-driven safety analysis tools (e.g., Highway Safety Manual, Crash Modification Factors Clearinghouse, Safety Analyst, usRAP)
Locally-derived CMFs, crash reduction factors (CRF), and/or safety performance functions
Road safety assessment or audit
Engineering study à Explain: ________________________________________
Strategic highway safety plan or local road safety plan
Intersection control evaluation (ICE)
Stakeholder and public input
Independent research and/or peer State/agency communication
Other à Explain: ________________________________________
A systemic approach to safety involves widely implemented improvements based on high-risk roadway features correlated with specific crash types. (https://highways.dot.gov/safety/data-analysis-tools/systemic) Select the safety infrastructure improvements for high risk rural roads that your agency has implemented throughout your State or local region, using a systemic approach. (check all that apply)
Cable median barriers
Clear zone improvements
High friction surface treatment
Horizontal curve signage enhancements
Improved pavement marking/delineation
Intersection signage enhancements
Pedestrian/bicycle safety (STEP countermeasures)
Pavement/shoulder widening
Rumble strips
SafetyEdgeSM
Upgrade barrier (guardrails, end treatments, etc.)
Wrong way driving treatments
Other___________
Do not know
N/A
Does your agency use federal funding for safety infrastructure improvements on high risk rural roads?
Yes
No
Do not know
If the respondent answers no, they will be presented with question a.
a. Why not? (check all that apply)
Unaware of or lack sufficient information about federal funding programs
Agency projects do not meet federal funding requirements.
Federal process requirements are too cumbersome
Difficulty identifying roads that qualify for federal program funding
Other à Explain: _____________________________
In some cases, candidate infrastructure treatments may not be selected due to real or perceived constraints in acquiring or deploying the treatments. Which challenges apply in your agency? (check all that apply)
My agency does not have the expertise to deploy certain safety improvements
It is difficult for my agency to work in conjunction with other transportation agencies and/or to hire outside expertise to help guide safety improvement decisions
My agency does not have the funds to routinely deploy safety improvements
My agency has limited funding and does not utilize Federal funding due to Federal process requirements
Other à Explain: _______________________________________________
Do not know
Not applicable
What more could be done to help your agency deploy cost-effective improvements on high risk rural roads? Explain: _______________________________________________
Is your agency undertaking any experimental research on new cost-effective improvements on high risk rural roads?
Yes
No
Do Not Know
If the respondent indicated yes, they will be presented with question a.
Provide more information on your agency's experimental research on new cost-effective improvements on high risk rural roads: _______________________________________________
Is there any additional information on effective practices your agency uses for high risk rural roads or is aware of that is not captured in the previous questions?
Yes
No
If the respondent indicated yes, they will be presented with question a.
Provide additional details on effective practices for high risk rural roads not captured in the previous questions. ____________
As part of this study and update of the “best practices manual” (Manual for Selecting Safety Improvements on High Risk Rural Roads), agencies may be featured, with their permission, for noteworthy practices, procedures, and projects using case-studies, highlights, and/or pictures. Additionally, cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted for a wide variety of infrastructure safety improvements and FHWA is seeking agency data to support this analysis. Candidate information would include crash data before and after installation of the treatment, initial treatment cost, maintenance cost and frequency, and life cycle of the treatment. If your agency is willing to assist with either of the above, FHWA representatives may want to contact you or someone from your agency to acquire this additional information. Please provide applicable contact information below.
Name: _____________________________________
Agency: ____________________________________
Telephone Number: ____________________________
Email Address: ________________________________
Looking ahead to the update of the Manual, there are many ways to spread information to make agencies aware of and encourage implementation of noteworthy practices. Please rank each of the techniques below from most useful to least useful when you are learning about and considering new practices.
(There will be a 1-5 scale for each; 1-least useful to 5-most useful)
Workshops, Conferences, and Seminars
Peer Exchanges
Webinars
Case Studies
Fact Sheets
Websites
Newsletters and Magazine Articles
Social Media/Interactive Media
End of Survey.
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