Land Values - Summary - Publication

United States
Department of
Agriculture
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service

Land Values
2023 Summary
August 2023

ISSN: 1949-1867

Contents
Agricultural Land Values Highlights ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Average Farm Real Estate Value – United States: 2009-2023 Chart ..................................................................................... 5
2023 Farm Real Estate Value by State – Dollars per Acre and Percent Change from 2022 Map .......................................... 5
Average Cropland Value – United States: 2009-2023 Chart .................................................................................................. 6
2023 Cropland Value by State – Dollars per Acre and Percent Change from 2022 Map ....................................................... 6
Average Pasture Value – United States: 2009-2023 Chart ..................................................................................................... 7
2023 Pasture Value by State – Dollars per Acre and Percent Change from 2022 Map .......................................................... 7
Farm Real Estate Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023 ............................................... 8
Cropland Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023 .......................................................... 10
Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Cropland Average Value per Acre – States: 2019-2023........................................................... 12
Pasture Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023 ............................................................. 14
Value of Farmland and Buildings – States and United States: 2018-2022 ........................................................................... 16
Economic Regions ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
Statistical Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Terms and Definitions........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 21

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

3

Update Alert – August 8, 2023
Irrigated Cropland Average Value per Acre in Arizona for 2023 on page 16 was updated. The updated estimate was
published to the QuickStats database on August 8, 2023.

Agricultural Land Values Highlights
The United States farm real estate value, a measurement of the value of all land and buildings on farms, averaged $4,080
per acre for 2023, up $280 per acre (7.4 percent) from 2022. The United States cropland value averaged $5,460 per acre,
an increase of $410 per acre (8.1 percent) from the previous year. The United States pasture value averaged $1,760 per
acre, an increase of $110 per acre (6.7 percent) from 2022.

4

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Average Farm Real Estate Value – United States: 2009-2023
Dollars per acre
4,500

4,080
3,800

4,000
3,380

3,500
3,000

2,940

3,000

2,990

3,030

3,100

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

3,160

3,160

2019

2020

2,730
2,520

2,500

2,090

2,150

2009

2010

2,300

2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2011

2012

2013

2021

2022

2023

USDA - NASS
August 4, 2023

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

5

6

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Average Cropland Value – United States: 2009-2023
Dollars per acre
6,000

5,460
5,050

5,000

4,420
3,810

4,000

4,090 4,100 4,040 4,030 4,050 4,100 4,100

3,350
2,980
3,000

2,640 2,700

2,000

1,000

0
2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USDA - NASS
August 4, 2023

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

8

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Average Pasture Value – United States: 2009-2023
Dollars per acre
2,000
1,760

1,800

1,650

1,600

1,370 1,400 1,400
1,290 1,310 1,320 1,330

1,400
1,200

1,110
1,060 1,060 1,070

1,480

1,170

1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USDA - NASS
August 4, 2023

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

10

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Farm Real Estate Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023
Region and State

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Northeast .........................................
Connecticut ..................................
Delaware .....................................
Maine ...........................................
Maryland ......................................
Massachusetts .............................
New Hampshire ...........................
New Jersey ..................................
New York .....................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
Rhode Island ...............................
Vermont .......................................

5,690
12,200
8,950
2,410
8,060
11,100
4,980
13,500
3,250
6,470
15,600
3,630

5,710
12,000
8,950
2,490
8,080
11,300
5,000
13,600
3,150
6,600
16,000
3,550

6,000
12,500
9,300
2,600
8,670
13,700
5,050
14,400
3,270
6,800
16,400
3,900

6,490
13,700
9,800
2,860
9,700
15,200
5,350
15,400
3,450
7,350
17,500
4,200

6,740
14,200
9,800
2,880
9,700
15,300
5,400
17,700
3,600
7,610
18,300
4,600

3.9
3.6
0.7
0.7
0.9
14.9
4.3
3.5
4.6
9.5

Lake States .....................................
Michigan ......................................
Minnesota ....................................
Wisconsin ....................................

4,900
4,960
4,840
4,950

4,860
4,950
4,840
4,850

5,240
5,300
5,240
5,190

5,960
5,850
6,150
5,700

6,450
6,400
6,600
6,200

8.2
9.4
7.3
8.8

Corn Belt .........................................
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana .........................................
Iowa .............................................
Missouri .......................................
Ohio .............................................

6,100
7,280
6,580
7,190
3,400
6,290

6,110
7,400
6,600
7,070
3,400
6,350

6,580
7,900
7,100
7,740
3,700
6,600

7,560
8,900
8,000
9,400
4,150
7,200

8,100
9,300
9,100
9,930
4,500
7,800

7.1
4.5
13.8
5.6
8.4
8.3

Northern Plains ................................
Kansas ........................................
Nebraska .....................................
North Dakota ...............................
South Dakota ...............................

2,170
1,960
2,850
1,740
2,070

2,120
1,900
2,790
1,720
2,010

2,320
2,100
3,100
1,820
2,190

2,780
2,630
3,750
2,050
2,600

3,160
3,060
4,240
2,320
2,920

13.7
16.3
13.1
13.2
12.3

Appalachian .....................................
Kentucky ......................................
North Carolina .............................
Tennessee ...................................
Virginia ........................................
West Virginia ...............................

4,080
3,820
4,680
3,990
4,650
2,680

4,140
3,920
4,670
4,100
4,620
2,700

4,240
4,000
4,750
4,260
4,700
2,770

4,620
4,350
5,150
4,700
5,100
3,000

4,980
4,700
5,550
5,100
5,500
3,200

7.8
8.0
7.8
8.5
7.8
6.7

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

--continued

11

Farm Real Estate Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
Region and State

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Southeast .......................................
Alabama ......................................
Florida .........................................
Georgia .......................................
South Carolina ............................

4,090
3,100
5,950
3,470
3,400

4,120
3,150
5,900
3,500
3,500

4,230
3,200
6,020
3,670
3,600

4,580
3,400
6,600
3,960
3,800

4,840
3,500
6,900
4,350
4,000

5.7
2.9
4.5
9.8
5.3

Delta States ....................................
Arkansas .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Mississippi ..................................

3,100
3,320
3,120
2,800

3,130
3,350
3,160
2,820

3,180
3,390
3,220
2,860

3,340
3,550
3,410
3,000

3,400
3,600
3,500
3,060

1.8
1.4
2.6
2.0

Southern Plains ...............................
Oklahoma ...................................
Texas ..........................................

2,070
1,870
2,120

2,110
1,890
2,170

2,300
2,020
2,380

2,560
2,250
2,650

2,800
2,450
2,900

9.4
8.9
9.4

Mountain .........................................
Arizona 1 .....................................
Colorado .....................................
Idaho ...........................................
Montana ......................................
Nevada 1 .....................................
New Mexico 1 ..............................
Utah 1 ..........................................
Wyoming .....................................

1,220
3,800
1,570
3,000
915
1,020
570
2,420
740

1,240
3,850
1,590
3,110
915
1,000
575
2,450
750

1,280
3,900
1,610
3,350
930
1,010
600
2,620
790

1,390
4,200
1,770
3,700
1,030
1,060
610
2,810
850

1,450
4,200
1,950
3,810
1,070
1,060
610
2,940
880

4.3
10.2
3.0
3.9
4.6
3.5

Pacific .............................................
California .....................................
Oregon ........................................
Washington .................................

5,900
10,000
2,500
2,820

5,910
10,000
2,530
2,760

6,420
10,900
2,790
2,900

7,040
12,000
3,040
3,100

7,270
12,400
3,180
3,190

3.3
3.3
4.6
2.9

United States 2 ................................

3,160

3,160

3,380

3,800

4,080

7.4

- Represents zero.
1
Excludes American Indian Reservation land.
2
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

12

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cropland Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023
Region and State

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Northeast .........................................
Delaware .....................................
Maryland ......................................
New Jersey ..................................
New York .....................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
Other States 1 ..............................

6,040
8,600
7,370
13,700
2,810
7,030
7,900

6,070
8,600
7,380
13,800
2,800
7,100
7,900

6,490
8,600
7,960
14,800
2,910
7,600
8,770

7,060
9,200
8,750
15,900
3,150
8,300
9,530

7,380
9,500
8,950
18,100
3,300
8,620
9,850

4.5
3.3
2.3
13.8
4.8
3.9
3.4

Lake States .....................................
Michigan ......................................
Minnesota ....................................
Wisconsin ....................................

4,760
4,500
4,810
4,850

4,730
4,480
4,800
4,770

5,160
4,700
5,270
5,280

5,970
5,300
6,200
6,000

6,620
5,900
6,820
6,710

10.9
11.3
10.0
11.8

Corn Belt .........................................
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana .........................................
Iowa .............................................
Missouri .......................................
Ohio .............................................

6,360
7,300
6,210
7,260
3,490
6,400

6,350
7,300
6,210
7,170
3,530
6,460

6,880
7,900
6,800
7,810
3,810
6,800

7,930
8,950
7,750
9,350
4,320
7,550

8,540
9,580
8,400
10,100
4,610
8,200

7.7
7.0
8.4
8.0
6.7
8.6

Northern Plains ................................
Kansas ........................................
Nebraska .....................................
North Dakota ...............................
South Dakota ...............................

2,790
2,160
4,390
1,920
3,130

2,740
2,080
4,360
1,930
3,030

3,070
2,370
4,960
2,060
3,390

3,680
2,950
6,000
2,350
4,030

4,200
3,440
6,830
2,660
4,550

14.1
16.6
13.8
13.2
12.9

Appalachian .....................................
Kentucky ......................................
North Carolina .............................
Tennessee ...................................
Virginia ........................................
West Virginia ...............................

4,190
4,300
4,180
3,910
4,720
3,280

4,240
4,400
4,180
3,990
4,680
3,270

4,350
4,510
4,290
4,130
4,790
3,330

4,790
5,000
4,700
4,550
5,250
3,600

5,190
5,450
5,000
5,000
5,700
3,800

8.4
9.0
6.4
9.9
8.6
5.6

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

--continued

13

Cropland Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
Region and State

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Southeast .......................................
Alabama ......................................
Florida .........................................
Georgia .......................................
South Carolina ............................

4,120
3,430
7,190
3,210
2,830

4,180
3,500
7,190
3,320
2,830

4,290
3,550
7,300
3,480
2,900

4,690
3,900
7,960
3,820
3,150

5,060
3,980
8,760
4,200
3,300

7.9
2.1
10.1
9.9
4.8

Delta States ....................................
Arkansas .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Mississippi ..................................

2,920
2,850
2,880
3,080

2,960
2,880
2,930
3,100

3,010
2,930
2,980
3,150

3,190
3,110
3,180
3,340

3,260
3,180
3,240
3,410

2.2
2.3
1.9
2.1

Southern Plains ...............................
Oklahoma ...................................
Texas ..........................................

1,860
1,670
1,930

1,930
1,690
2,030

2,050
1,810
2,150

2,310
2,030
2,420

2,480
2,210
2,590

7.4
8.9
7.0

Mountain .........................................
Arizona 2 .....................................
Colorado .....................................
Idaho ...........................................
Montana ......................................
Nevada 2 .....................................
New Mexico 2 ..............................
Utah 2 ..........................................
Wyoming .....................................

1,980
7,600
2,160
3,930
1,040
(D)
1,550
3,970
1,520

2,010
7,650
2,200
4,070
1,030
(D)
1,600
4,040
1,540

2,100
7,700
2,240
4,450
1,050
(D)
1,660
4,190
1,600

2,320
8,350
2,480
4,950
1,160
(D)
1,790
4,550
1,720

2,410
8,600
2,610
5,200
1,170
(D)
1,810
4,700
1,840

3.9
3.0
5.2
5.1
0.9
(X)
1.1
3.3
7.0

Pacific .............................................
California .....................................
Oregon ........................................
Washington .................................

7,190
12,830
3,080
2,630

7,240
12,900
3,120
2,610

7,740
13,860
3,310
2,700

8,580
15,410
3,650
2,940

8,800
15,880
3,720
3,000

2.6
3.0
1.9
2.0

United States 3 ................................

4,100

4,100

4,420

5,050

5,460

8.1

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Includes: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
2
Excludes American Indian Reservation land.
3
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

14

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Cropland Average Value per Acre – States: 2019-2023
[Only states with significant irrigated acreage appear in this table]
Region, State,
and Land type

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Corn Belt
Missouri, all cropland .....................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

3,490
4,770
3,350

3,530
4,700
3,400

3,810
4,800
3,700

4,320
5,400
4,200

4,610
5,600
4,500

6.7
3.7
7.1

Northern Plains
Kansas, all cropland ......................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

2,160
3,320
2,050

2,080
3,270
1,970

2,370
3,700
2,250

2,950
4,000
2,850

3,440
4,700
3,320

16.6
17.5
16.5

Nebraska, all cropland ...................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

4,390
5,850
3,490

4,360
5,820
3,460

4,960
6,530
3,990

6,000
7,950
4,800

6,830
8,900
5,550

13.8
11.9
15.6

South Dakota, all cropland .............................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

3,130
(D)
3,100

3,030
(D)
3,000

3,390
(D)
3,360

4,030
(D)
4,000

4,550
(D)
4,520

12.9
(X)
13.0

Southeast
Florida, all cropland .......................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

7,190
8,160
6,280

7,190
8,150
6,300

7,300
8,350
6,320

7,960
9,100
6,900

8,760
10,000
7,600

10.1
9.9
10.1

Georgia, all cropland ......................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

3,210
4,030
2,870

3,320
4,100
3,000

3,480
4,350
3,130

3,820
4,600
3,500

4,200
4,800
3,950

9.9
4.3
12.9

Delta States
Arkansas, all cropland ....................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

2,850
3,340
2,060

2,880
3,360
2,100

2,930
3,420
2,130

3,110
3,600
2,320

3,180
3,680
2,360

2.3
2.2
1.7

Louisiana, all cropland ...................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

2,880
2,820
2,900

2,930
2,840
2,960

2,980
2,880
3,020

3,180
3,090
3,210

3,240
3,200
3,260

1.9
3.6
1.6

Mississippi, all cropland .................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

3,080
3,620
2,770

3,100
3,650
2,780

3,150
3,700
2,830

3,340
3,900
3,020

3,410
4,010
3,070

2.1
2.8
1.7

Southern Plains
Oklahoma, all cropland ..................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

1,670
(D)
1,650

1,690
(D)
1,670

1,810
(D)
1,790

2,030
(D)
2,020

2,210
2,350
2,200

8.9
(X)
8.9

Texas, all cropland .........................................
Irrigated ...................................................
Non-irrigated ............................................

1,930
2,230
1,880

2,030
2,360
1,980

2,150
2,540
2,090

2,420
2,850
2,350

2,590
3,050
2,520

7.0
7.0
7.2

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

--continued

15

Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Cropland Average Value per Acre – States: 2019-2023 (continued)
[Only states with significant irrigated acreage appear in this table]
Region, State,
and Land type

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Mountain
Arizona, all cropland 1 ............................................
Irrigated ............................................................

7,600
7,600

7,650
7,650

7,700
7,700

8,350
8,350

8,600
8,600

3.0
3.0

Colorado, all cropland ............................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

2,160
5,100
1,370

2,200
5,300
1,370

2,240
5,400
1,400

2,480
5,750
1,600

2,610
6,000
1,700

5.2
4.3
6.3

Idaho, all cropland ..................................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

3,930
6,020
1,650

4,070
6,210
1,720

4,450
6,800
1,890

4,950
7,550
2,100

5,200
7,990
2,150

5.1
5.8
2.4

Montana, all cropland .............................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

1,040
3,010
835

1,030
3,000
825

1,050
3,050
835

1,160
3,500
910

1,170
3,550
920

0.9
1.4
1.1

Nevada, all cropland 1 ............................................
Irrigated ............................................................

(D)
(D)

(D)
(D)

(D)
(D)

(D)
(D)

(D)
(D)

(X)
(X)

New Mexico, all cropland 1 .....................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

1,550
4,200
475

1,600
4,370
475

1,660
4,550
485

1,790
4,900
520

1,810
4,950
530

1.1
1.0
1.9

Utah, all cropland 1 .................................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

3,970
6,360
1,400

4,040
6,440
1,470

4,190
6,650
1,550

4,550
7,250
1,650

4,700
7,500
1,700

3.3
3.4
3.0

Wyoming, all cropland ............................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

1,520
2,430
840

1,540
2,470
840

1,600
2,550
890

1,720
2,750
940

1,840
3,000
960

7.0
9.1
2.1

Pacific
California, all cropland ............................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

12,830
15,100
5,400

12,900
15,200
5,400

13,860
16,300
5,900

15,410
18,100
6,600

15,880
18,600
7,000

3.0
2.8
6.1

Oregon, all cropland ...............................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

3,080
5,290
2,220

3,120
5,430
2,220

3,310
5,800
2,340

3,650
6,350
2,600

3,720
6,600
2,600

1.9
3.9
-

Washington, all cropland ........................................
Irrigated ............................................................
Non-irrigated ....................................................

2,630
7,690
1,260

2,610
7,650
1,240

2,700
7,800
1,310

2,940
8,400
1,450

3,000
8,500
1,500

2.0
1.2
3.4

- Represents zero.
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Excludes American Indian Reservation land.

16

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Pasture Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023
Region and State

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Northeast .........................................
Maryland ......................................
New Jersey ..................................
New York .....................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
Other States 1 ..............................

3,870
(D)
13,400
1,530
3,290
6,530

3,900
(D)
13,300
1,540
3,370
6,520

4,030
(D)
13,400
1,580
3,440
6,870

4,280
(D)
14,400
1,620
3,800
7,140

4,460
(D)
16,600
1,670
3,880
8,290

4.2
(X)
15.3
3.1
2.1
16.1

Lake States .....................................
Michigan ......................................
Minnesota ....................................
Wisconsin ....................................

2,080
2,590
1,700
2,310

2,050
2,600
1,680
2,250

2,250
2,740
1,830
2,520

2,510
2,900
2,010
2,900

2,680
3,100
2,100
3,150

6.8
6.9
4.5
8.6

Corn Belt .........................................
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana .........................................
Iowa .............................................
Missouri .......................................
Ohio .............................................

2,330
3,170
2,450
2,720
1,980
3,350

2,340
3,200
2,400
2,690
2,000
3,370

2,520
3,400
2,490
3,020
2,160
3,440

2,760
3,700
2,700
3,300
2,400
3,600

2,860
3,820
2,850
3,400
2,500
3,700

3.6
3.2
5.6
3.0
4.2
2.8

Northern Plains ................................
Kansas ........................................
Nebraska .....................................
North Dakota ...............................
South Dakota ...............................

1,090
1,390
1,050
820
1,050

1,080
1,370
1,040
790
1,050

1,130
1,500
1,080
840
1,060

1,330
1,850
1,240
930
1,230

1,510
2,150
1,440
1,070
1,340

13.5
16.2
16.1
15.1
8.9

Appalachian .....................................
Kentucky ......................................
North Carolina .............................
Tennessee ...................................
Virginia ........................................
West Virginia ...............................

3,540
3,030
4,810
3,860
4,020
2,120

3,550
3,050
4,780
3,880
4,000
2,150

3,620
3,080
4,850
4,000
4,060
2,200

3,870
3,250
5,200
4,450
4,250
2,300

4,180
3,400
5,550
4,900
4,650
2,450

8.0
4.6
6.7
10.1
9.4
6.5

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

--continued

17

Pasture Average Value per Acre – Regions, States, and United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
Region and State

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Change
2022-2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

Southeast .......................................
Alabama ......................................
Florida .........................................
Georgia .......................................
South Carolina ............................

4,180
2,590
5,360
3,730
3,240

4,230
2,600
5,400
3,820
3,300

4,360
2,650
5,530
4,060
3,350

4,680
2,900
5,900
4,400
3,550

5,050
3,000
6,500
4,600
3,700

7.9
3.4
10.2
4.5
4.2

Delta States ....................................
Arkansas .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Mississippi ..................................

2,620
2,610
2,830
2,430

2,650
2,650
2,870
2,450

2,700
2,700
2,950
2,480

2,870
2,850
3,100
2,700

2,940
2,900
3,190
2,770

2.4
1.8
2.9
2.6

Southern Plains ...............................
Oklahoma ...................................
Texas ..........................................

1,620
1,460
1,660

1,640
1,480
1,680

1,760
1,600
1,800

2,000
1,800
2,050

2,150
1,950
2,200

7.5
8.3
7.3

Mountain .........................................
Arizona 2 .....................................
Colorado .....................................
Idaho ...........................................
Montana ......................................
Nevada 2 .....................................
New Mexico 2 ..............................
Utah 2 ..........................................
Wyoming .....................................

683
(D)
845
1,560
680
(D)
417
1,240
575

687
(D)
845
1,610
680
(D)
420
1,240
580

717
(D)
875
1,700
700
(D)
440
1,370
610

783
(D)
940
1,970
775
(D)
480
1,470
660

808
(D)
980
2,040
800
(D)
490
1,540
670

3.2
(X)
4.3
3.6
3.2
(X)
2.1
4.8
1.5

Pacific .............................................
California .....................................
Oregon ........................................
Washington .................................

1,750
3,010
750
766

1,750
3,000
760
740

1,820
3,100
830
750

2,060
3,550
900
820

2,120
3,650
950
835

2.9
2.8
5.6
1.8

United States 3 ................................

1,400

1,400

1,480

1,650

1,760

6.7

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Includes: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland (beginning in 2018), Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
2
Excludes American Indian Reservation land.
3
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

18

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Value of Farmland and Buildings – States and United States: 2018-2022
[Total value of land and buildings is derived by multiplying average value per acre of farm real estate by the land in farms]
Total value of land and buildings
Region and State

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Change
2021-2022

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(percent)

Northeast
Connecticut ..................................
Delaware .....................................
Maine ...........................................
Maryland ......................................
Massachusetts .............................
New Hampshire ...........................
New Jersey ..................................
New York .....................................
Pennsylvania ...............................
Rhode Island ...............................
Vermont .......................................

4,674
4,457
3,081
15,720
5,450
2,107
10,125
22,287
45,625
912
4,248

4,636
4,744
3,133
16,120
5,550
2,141
10,125
22,425
47,231
936
4,356

4,560
4,744
3,237
16,160
5,650
2,150
10,200
21,735
48,180
960
4,260

4,750
4,929
3,380
17,340
6,850
2,172
10,800
22,563
49,640
984
4,680

5,206
5,194
3,718
19,400
7,600
2,301
11,550
23,805
53,655
1,050
5,040

9.6
5.4
10.0
11.9
10.9
5.9
6.9
5.5
8.1
6.7
7.7

Lake States
Michigan ......................................
Minnesota ....................................
Wisconsin ....................................

48,608
123,675
70,070

48,608
123,420
70,785

48,510
122,936
69,355

51,410
133,096
73,698

53,820
156,210
80,940

4.7
17.4
9.8

Corn Belt
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana .........................................
Iowa .............................................
Missouri .......................................
Ohio .............................................

196,560
98,700
222,462
93,626
86,180

196,560
98,042
220,014
93,840
85,544

199,800
97,680
216,342
93,500
86,360

213,300
105,080
236,070
101,750
89,100

240,300
118,400
286,700
114,125
94,320

12.7
12.7
21.4
12.2
5.9

Northern Plains
Kansas ........................................
Nebraska .....................................
North Dakota ...............................
South Dakota ...............................

84,730
123,750
67,203
89,424

89,572
127,965
68,382
89,424

86,830
125,271
67,596
86,832

95,970
138,880
71,526
94,608

120,191
168,000
80,360
112,320

25.2
21.0
12.4
18.7

Appalachian
Kentucky ......................................
North Carolina .............................
Tennessee ...................................
Virginia ........................................
West Virginia ...............................

48,633
38,976
42,728
36,036
9,540

49,278
39,312
43,092
36,270
9,380

50,568
39,228
44,280
36,036
9,450

51,600
39,425
45,582
36,190
9,695

56,115
42,745
50,290
39,270
10,500

8.8
8.4
10.3
8.5
8.3

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

--continued

19

Value of Farmland and Buildings – States and United States: 2018-2022 (continued)
[Total value of land and buildings is derived by multiplying average value per acre of farm real estate by the land in farms]
Total value of land and buildings
Region and State

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Change
2021-2022

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(million dollars)

(percent)

Southeast
Alabama ......................................
Florida .........................................
Georgia .......................................
South Carolina ............................

25,330
57,230
35,451
15,888

25,730
57,715
35,394
16,320

26,145
57,230
35,700
16,800

26,240
58,394
37,434
17,280

27,880
64,020
40,392
18,240

6.3
9.6
7.9
5.6

Delta States
Arkansas .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Mississippi ..................................

43,924
24,320
28,496

46,480
24,960
29,120

46,900
25,280
29,328

47,460
25,760
29,744

49,700
27,280
30,900

4.7
5.9
3.9

Southern Plains
Oklahoma ...................................
Texas ..........................................

61,560
260,350

64,328
268,180

65,016
273,420

69,488
299,880

77,400
333,900

11.4
11.3

Mountain
Arizona 1 .....................................
Colorado .....................................
Idaho ...........................................
Montana ......................................
Nevada 1 .....................................
New Mexico 1 ..............................
Utah 1 ..........................................
Wyoming .....................................

26,493
49,608
33,292
53,128
5,722
21,100
16,290
21,054

26,608
49,926
34,500
53,070
5,722
20,982
17,019
21,460

26,895
50,562
35,765
53,070
5,616
21,147
17,217
21,750

27,183
51,198
38,525
53,847
5,669
21,972
18,344
22,910

28,487
56,286
42,550
59,637
5,723
22,302
20,164
24,225

4.8
9.9
10.4
10.8
1.0
1.5
9.9
5.7

Pacific
California .....................................
Oregon ........................................
Washington .................................

227,205
38,880
41,748

243,000
39,500
41,172

243,000
39,974
40,296

263,780
43,803
42,050

288,000
47,728
44,950

9.2
9.0
6.9

United States 2 ................................

2,686,656

2,732,071

2,733,521

2,916,029

3,272,889

12.2

1

Value of all land and buildings adjusted to include American Indian Reservation land value.
2
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.

20

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Economic Regions:
Northeast: .................... Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont.
Lake States: ................. Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin.
Corn Belt: .................... Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Ohio.
Northern Plains: .......... Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota.
Appalachian: ............... Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia.
Southeast:..................... Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina.
Delta States: ................. Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi.
Southern Plains: .......... Oklahoma, Texas.
Mountain: .................... Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming.
Pacific:.......................... California, Oregon, Washington.

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

21

Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: The estimates of land values in this report are based primarily on the June Area Survey, conducted
during the first two weeks of June. This annual survey uses a complete, probability-based land-area sampling frame. A
sample of approximately 9,000 segments of land is selected, each approximately one square mile in size.
Enumerators collecting data for the June Area Survey contact all agricultural producers operating land within the
boundaries of the sampled land segments and record land value information for cropland and pasture within these
segments. They also collect an estimated value of all land and buildings for the operator’s entire farming operation and the
estimated percent change from the previous year.
Survey reported data are reviewed for reasonableness and consistency by comparing with other data reported in the survey
and with data reported within the segment the previous year.
Estimating Procedures: Once the data are summarized, each Regional Field Office (RFO) conducts an analysis of the
summarized indications and any other available information for their States. RFOs then set estimates for land values and
submit these recommendations along with their assessment of survey and other administrative information to the
Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB).
Survey data are also summarized for Regional and National levels and reviewed independently of each State’s review.
National targets are established by the ASB. After RFO recommendations are submitted, the ASB reviews the RFO
estimates and supporting comments, and any conflicts with targeted National levels are resolved.
The Regional and United States estimates are weighted by the amount of cropland and pasture in each State, based on the
most recent Census of Agriculture. For the purposes of this report, cropland pastured is defined as cropland.
Published Estimates: State averages are not published for States with limited reports to ensure confidentiality of
individual operations. While the June Area Survey is the primary source of data for the estimates, supplemental survey
data and potential previous year revisions are also considered, as described in the more detailed NASS Land Values
Methodology and Quality Measures publication. As such, the estimates reflect an average of land values for the year.
Revision Policy: For non-census years, land values are subject to an annual revision the following year. After the 5-year
Census of Agriculture is completed, land value estimates for the non-census years are subject to a final historic revision.
The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate.

22

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Terms and Definitions
Farm: Any establishment from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold or would normally be sold
during the year. Government payments are included in sales.
Farm real estate value: The value at which all land and buildings used for agricultural production, including dwellings,
could be sold under current market conditions, if allowed to remain on the market for a reasonable amount of time.
Cropland value: The value of land used to grow field crops, vegetables, or land harvested for hay. Land that switches
back and forth between cropland and pasture should be valued as cropland. Hay land, idle cropland, and cropland enrolled
in government conservation programs should be valued as cropland.
Irrigated cropland value: The value of cropland that normally receives or has the potential to receive water by artificial
means to supplement natural rainfall. Irrigated cropland may consist of both land that will or will not be irrigated during
the current year, but still has the facilities and equipment to do so. Irrigation facilities and equipment such as wells,
pumps, canals, ditches, reservoirs, lakes, tanks, ponds, rivers, streams or creeks are usually present or on nearby acres.
Non-irrigated cropland value: The value of cropland that only receives water by natural rainfall.
Pasture, grazing, and grassland value: The value of land that is normally grazed by livestock. Pasture does not need to
have livestock grazing on it at the time of interview or during the current year in order to be valued as pasture or grazing
land.

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

23

Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch of the National
Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected].
Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch ................................................... (202) 720-6146
Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section........................................................................................................... (202) 720-4447
Stephanie Brennan – Farm Production Expenditures ................................................................................ (202) 690-0392
Doug Farmer – Chemical Use, Land Values ............................................................................................. (202) 690-3229
Zoe Johnson – Cash Receipts, Farm Production Expenditures ................................................................. (202) 720-5446
Michael Mathison – Cash Rents, Farms, Land in Farms, Grazing Fees .................................................... (202) 720-3243
Ralph Mondesir – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes ....................................... (202) 221-9297
Max Reason – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes ............................................. (202) 720-8844
Theresa Varner – Farm Labor.................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3231

24

Land Values 2023 Summary (August 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Released August 4, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board,
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Access to NASS Reports
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