Quarterly Hogs and Pigs - Publication

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs
ISSN: 1949-1921

Released March 30, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).

United States Hog Inventory Up Slightly
United States inventory of all hogs and pigs on March 1, 2023 was 72.9 million head. This was up slightly from
March 1, 2022, but down 2 percent from December 1, 2022.
Breeding inventory, at 6.13 million head, was up slightly from last year, but down slightly from the previous quarter.
Market hog inventory, at 66.7 million head, was up slightly from last year, but down 2 percent from last quarter.
The December 2022-February 2023 pig crop, at 32.1 million head, was up slightly from last year. Sows farrowing
during this period totaled 2.91 million head, down slightly from previous year. The sows farrowed during this quarter
represented 47 percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs saved per litter was 11.02 for the December 2022-February
2023 period, compared to 10.95 last year.

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs Inventory - United States:
March 1
Million Head
79
77
75
73
71
69
67
65
63
61
2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

United States hog producers intend to have 2.93 million sows farrow during the March-May 2023 quarter, down
1 percent from the actual farrowings during the same period one year earlier, and down 3 percent from the same period
two years earlier. Intended farrowings for June-August 2023, at 2.97 million sows, are down 3 percent from the same
period one year earlier, and down 3 percent from the same period two years earlier.
The total number of hogs under contract owned by operations with over 5,000 head, but raised by contractees, accounted
for 51 percent of the total United States hog inventory, up 2 percent from the previous year.

Revisions
All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 2022 through December 2022 were reviewed using final pig crop, official
slaughter, death loss, and updated import and export data. The revision made to the December 2022 all hogs and pigs
inventory was 1.8 percent. A revision of 1.6 percent was made to the September 2022-November 2023 pig crop. The net
revision made to the September 2022 all hogs and pigs inventory was 0.4 percent. A net revision of 1.5 percent was made
to the June-August 2022 pig crop.
Records
Record highs for all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop and pigs per litter, by quarter, can be found on page 13.

This report was approved on March 30, 2023.

Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Cynthia Nickerson

2

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents
Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter – United States: 2022 and 2023 ......................................... 4
Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter – United States: 2021-2023 .......................................................................... 5
Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – United States: December-November 2022 and 2023 ................. 5
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023 ............................................... 6
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023 .................................................... 6
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022 .................................................. 7
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022 ....................................................... 7
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022 ........................................ 8
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022 ............................................. 8
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022 ......................................... 9
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022 .............................................. 9
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: December-February 2022 and 2023 ............... 10
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: March-May 2021-2023 .................................. 10
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: June-August 2021-2023 ................................. 11
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States:
September-November 2021 and 2022................................................................................................................................... 11
Statistical Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates ................................................................................................................................. 12
Records by Quarter – United States: 1866 to Present ........................................................................................................... 13
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 13

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

3

Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter – United States: 2022 and 2023
[May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Item

2022

2023

2023 as
percent
of 2022

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

March 1 inventory ....................................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................

72,689
6,098
66,591

72,860
6,127
66,734

100
100
100

Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................

20,105
19,030
14,988
12,468

20,059
18,975
14,973
12,727

100
100
100
102

June 1 inventory .......................................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................

72,314
6,168
66,146

Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................

20,903
18,691
13,827
12,725

September 1 inventory .............................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................

74,125
6,152
67,973

Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................

21,893
19,677
14,013
12,390

December 1 inventory ..............................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................

74,399
6,144
68,256

Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................

21,453
18,970
14,805
13,028

4

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter – United States: 2021-2023
[December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Item

2023 as percent of

2021

2022

2023

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

2021

2022

(percent)

(percent)

Sows farrowing ........................................
December-February .............................
March-May 1 ........................................
December-May 2 3 ................................

2,929
3,034
5,964

2,919
2,967
5,886

2,910
2,930
5,840

99
97
98

100
99
99

June-August 1 ......................................
September-November ..........................
June-November 3 .................................

3,050
3,049
6,098

3,062
3,052
6,114

2,973

97

97

Pig crop ...................................................
December-February .............................
March-May ...........................................
December-May 3 ..................................

32,059
33,233
65,292

31,947
32,635
64,582

32,058

100

100

June-August ........................................
September-November ..........................
June-November 3 .................................

33,944
34,123
68,067

34,096
34,231
68,326

(number)

(number)

(number)

Pigs per litter ...........................................
December-February .............................
March-May ...........................................
December-May ....................................

10.94
10.95
10.95

10.95
11.00
10.97

June-August ........................................
September-November ..........................
June-November ...................................

11.13
11.19
11.16

11.13
11.22
11.18

(percent)

11.02

(percent)
101

101

1

Intentions for 2023.
Actual farrowings for December 2022-February 2023 plus intentions for March-May 2023.
3
May not add due to rounding.
2

Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – United States:
December-November 2022 and 2023
[December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month

Sows farrowing 1
2022

2023

(1,000 head)
December ........................
January ...........................
February ..........................
March ..............................
April .................................
May .................................
June ................................
July ..................................
August .............................
September .......................
October ...........................
November ........................

979
994
946
1,020
975
972
1,023
1,040
999
1,045
1,013
994

Total ................................

12,000

1

Pig crop 1

Pigs per litter
2022

(1,000 head)
982
980
947

2023

(number)
10.94
10.88
11.02
10.84
11.06
11.10
10.95
11.14
11.31
11.18
11.21
11.26
11.08

(number)
11.07
10.84
11.15

2022

2023

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

10,718
10,810
10,419
11,054
10,787
10,794
11,211
11,592
11,293
11,686
11,358
11,187

10,872
10,625
10,561

132,908

Monthly values may not add to quarterly or annual totals due to rounding.

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

5

Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State

Market

2022

2023

2023 as
percent
of 2022

2022

Total

2023

2022

2023

2023 as
percent
of 2022

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

(percent)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

Colorado ......................
Illinois ...........................
Indiana .........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas .........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina ..............

140
590
250
900
155
110
530
420
430
800

140
660
260
900
145
115
500
450
385
790

100
112
104
100
94
105
94
107
90
99

450
4,710
4,000
22,200
1,715
1,080
8,070
2,930
3,170
7,200

440
4,690
4,040
22,500
1,705
1,125
8,400
2,800
3,165
7,210

98
100
101
101
99
104
104
96
100
100

590
5,300
4,250
23,100
1,870
1,190
8,600
3,350
3,600
8,000

580
5,350
4,300
23,400
1,850
1,240
8,900
3,250
3,550
8,000

98
101
101
101
99
104
103
97
99
100

Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ...........................
Utah .............................

190
470
140
280
160
85

190
480
135
305
170
35

100
102
96
109
106
41

2,410
1,620
1,210
1,740
880
845

2,460
1,630
1,165
1,795
1,010
255

102
101
96
103
115
30

2,600
2,090
1,350
2,020
1,040
930

2,650
2,110
1,300
2,100
1,180
290

102
101
96
104
113
31

Other States 1 ..............

448

467

104

2,361

2,344

99

2,809

2,810

100

United States ...............

6,098

6,127

100

66,591

66,734

100

72,689

72,860

100

1

(1,000 head) (1,000 head)

2023 as
percent
of 2022

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
Under
50 pounds

State

50-119
pounds

120-179
pounds

180 pounds
and over

2022

2023

2022

2023

2022

2023

2022

2023

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

Colorado ........................
Illinois .............................
Indiana ...........................
Iowa ...............................
Kansas ...........................
Michigan ........................
Minnesota ......................
Missouri .........................
Nebraska .......................
North Carolina ................

215
1,305
1,020
5,440
415
310
2,420
1,240
1,050
2,760

225
1,315
1,050
5,320
400
330
2,510
1,260
1,010
2,730

100
1,605
1,150
7,150
405
295
2,570
640
890
1,560

90
1,550
1,200
7,240
385
305
2,660
530
910
1,580

55
1,075
965
5,490
345
240
1,780
670
700
1,520

55
1,075
950
5,630
355
250
1,870
620
720
1,470

80
725
865
4,120
550
235
1,300
380
530
1,360

70
750
840
4,310
565
240
1,360
390
525
1,430

Ohio ...............................
Oklahoma ......................
Pennsylvania .................
South Dakota .................
Texas .............................
Utah ...............................

635
735
330
695
295
330

675
800
325
725
335
105

620
335
375
410
235
170

610
310
355
405
265
55

590
200
280
305
145
170

580
210
255
305
150
45

565
350
225
330
205
175

595
310
230
360
260
50

Other States 1 ................

910

944

520

525

458

433

473

442

United States .................

20,105

20,059

19,030

18,975

14,988

14,973

12,468

12,727

1

6

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State

Market

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

2021

Total

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

Colorado ......................
Illinois ..........................
Indiana ........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas ........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina .............

155
650
260
910
175
115
540
425
450
820

135
620
250
940
155
110
520
430
420
820

87
95
96
103
89
96
96
101
93
100

505
4,650
3,940
22,790
1,775
1,095
8,260
2,825
3,050
7,280

385
4,630
4,050
22,060
1,765
1,070
7,780
2,770
3,080
7,380

76
100
103
97
99
98
94
98
101
101

660
5,300
4,200
23,700
1,950
1,210
8,800
3,250
3,500
8,100

520
5,250
4,300
23,000
1,920
1,180
8,300
3,200
3,500
8,200

79
99
102
97
98
98
94
98
100
101

Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ..........................
Utah .............................

190
470
140
270
130
85

180
470
140
290
160
80

95
100
100
107
123
94

2,310
1,570
1,150
1,690
850
865

2,420
1,550
1,210
1,830
900
880

105
99
105
108
106
102

2,500
2,040
1,290
1,960
980
950

2,600
2,020
1,350
2,120
1,060
960

104
99
105
108
108
101

Other States 1 ..............

435

448

103

2,328

2,386

102

2,763

2,834

103

United States ...............

6,220

6,168

99

66,933

66,146

99

73,153

72,314

99

1

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
Under
50 pounds

State

50-119
pounds

120-179
pounds

180 pounds
and over

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

Colorado ........................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ...............................
Kansas ..........................
Michigan ........................
Minnesota ......................
Missouri .........................
Nebraska .......................
North Carolina ...............

240
1,355
970
5,970
450
330
2,740
1,350
1,060
2,940

190
1,350
1,040
5,700
440
310
2,640
1,240
1,000
2,920

110
1,550
1,220
7,200
470
290
2,630
510
840
1,540

70
1,550
1,150
7,130
420
295
2,440
540
840
1,600

70
935
900
5,320
330
220
1,550
560
590
1,415

45
965
940
5,050
340
230
1,460
620
690
1,420

85
810
850
4,300
525
255
1,340
405
560
1,385

80
765
920
4,180
565
235
1,240
370
550
1,440

Ohio ...............................
Oklahoma ......................
Pennsylvania .................
South Dakota .................
Texas ............................
Utah ...............................

670
750
335
685
245
360

680
765
330
765
275
350

605
340
330
395
210
170

630
305
365
390
245
175

485
165
230
275
170
170

530
165
285
315
145
175

550
315
255
335
225
165

580
315
230
360
235
180

Other States 1 ................

904

908

509

546

445

452

469

480

United States .................

21,354

20,903

18,919

18,691

13,830

13,827

12,829

12,725

1

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State

Market

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

2021

Total

2022

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

(percent)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

Colorado ......................
Illinois ...........................
Indiana .........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas .........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina ..............

150
660
250
900
165
115
530
420
460
810

125
590
250
930
160
110
510
430
410
820

83
89
100
103
97
96
96
102
89
101

510
4,740
4,050
23,200
1,885
1,115
8,270
2,980
3,190
7,490

375
4,660
4,100
22,670
1,770
1,090
8,290
2,920
3,140
7,480

74
98
101
98
94
98
100
98
98
100

660
5,400
4,300
24,100
2,050
1,230
8,800
3,400
3,650
8,300

500
5,250
4,350
23,600
1,930
1,200
8,800
3,350
3,550
8,300

76
97
101
98
94
98
100
99
97
100

Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ...........................
Utah .............................

190
470
145
265
140
85

190
510
140
300
170
55

100
109
97
113
121
65

2,360
1,730
1,205
1,745
950
885

2,510
1,760
1,200
1,800
1,030
765

106
102
100
103
108
86

2,550
2,200
1,350
2,010
1,090
970

2,700
2,270
1,340
2,100
1,200
820

106
103
99
104
110
85

Other States 1 ..............

435

452

104

2,372

2,413

102

2,807

2,865

102

United States ...............

6,190

6,152

99

68,677

67,973

99

74,867

74,125

99

1

(1,000 head) (1,000 head)

2022 as
percent
of 2021

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
State

Under
50 pounds

50-119
pounds

120-179
pounds

180 pounds
and over

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

Colorado ...........................
Illinois ................................
Indiana ..............................
Iowa ..................................
Kansas ..............................
Michigan ...........................
Minnesota .........................
Missouri ............................
Nebraska ..........................
North Carolina ...................

235
1,310
990
6,010
455
330
2,680
1,410
1,080
3,090

195
1,320
1,090
5,990
445
335
2,780
1,320
1,090
3,030

110
1,640
1,260
7,760
430
315
2,830
565
890
1,670

55
1,550
1,230
7,650
440
295
2,750
540
840
1,630

55
1,005
875
5,470
410
225
1,580
605
650
1,340

40
955
890
5,180
340
225
1,600
640
670
1,410

110
785
925
3,960
590
245
1,180
400
570
1,390

85
835
890
3,850
545
235
1,160
420
540
1,410

Ohio ..................................
Oklahoma .........................
Pennsylvania ....................
South Dakota ....................
Texas ................................
Utah ..................................

700
850
325
660
290
345

790
880
335
785
345
220

680
350
380
410
250
180

640
390
355
365
260
180

440
220
275
305
150
180

510
190
280
285
150
180

540
310
225
370
260
180

570
300
230
365
275
185

Other States 1 ...................

930

943

491

507

461

468

489

495

United States ....................

21,690

21,893

20,211

19,677

14,246

14,013

12,529

12,390

1

8

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State

Market

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

2021

Total

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

Colorado ......................
Illinois ..........................
Indiana ........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas ........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina .............

145
590
250
920
165
110
550
420
430
810

145
660
260
920
165
115
490
430
400
800

100
112
104
100
100
105
89
102
93
99

475
4,810
4,100
22,980
1,825
1,050
8,350
3,030
3,220
7,190

385
4,790
4,190
23,080
1,745
1,135
8,310
2,870
3,200
7,400

81
100
102
100
96
108
100
95
99
103

620
5,400
4,350
23,900
1,990
1,160
8,900
3,450
3,650
8,000

530
5,450
4,450
24,000
1,910
1,250
8,800
3,300
3,600
8,200

85
101
102
100
96
108
99
96
99
103

Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ..........................
Utah .............................

190
460
145
265
150
85

190
490
135
290
160
35

100
107
93
109
107
41

2,610
1,630
1,165
1,745
940
855

2,560
1,670
1,225
1,800
1,070
475

98
102
105
103
114
56

2,800
2,090
1,310
2,010
1,090
940

2,750
2,160
1,360
2,090
1,230
510

98
103
104
104
113
54

Other States 1 ..............

440

459

104

2,346

2,351

100

2,786

2,809

101

United States ...............

6,125

6,144

100

68,321

68,256

100

74,446

74,399

100

1

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
Under
50 pounds

State

50-119
pounds

120-179
pounds

180 pounds
and over

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

Colorado ........................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ...............................
Kansas ..........................
Michigan ........................
Minnesota ......................
Missouri .........................
Nebraska .......................
North Carolina ...............

230
1,400
1,040
5,970
435
320
2,800
1,430
1,080
2,890

200
1,340
1,060
6,010
430
345
2,830
1,260
1,060
2,910

95
1,575
1,170
7,290
450
275
2,550
550
880
1,460

75
1,610
1,220
7,120
420
305
2,450
560
890
1,640

60
1,075
935
5,340
355
210
1,590
640
695
1,355

45
1,015
990
5,580
320
240
1,640
640
730
1,430

90
760
955
4,380
585
245
1,410
410
565
1,485

65
825
920
4,370
575
245
1,390
410
520
1,420

Ohio ...............................
Oklahoma ......................
Pennsylvania .................
South Dakota .................
Texas ............................
Utah ...............................

730
770
320
670
300
340

730
810
330
720
380
120

640
350
360
400
235
170

670
320
380
410
270
115

585
170
250
320
165
170

560
230
290
320
200
120

655
340
235
355
240
175

600
310
225
350
220
120

Other States 1 ................

869

918

555

515

459

455

463

463

United States .................

21,594

21,453

19,005

18,970

14,374

14,805

13,348

13,028

1

Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States:
December-February 2022 and 2023
[December preceding year. May not add due to rounding]
Sows farrowing
State

2022

Pig crop 1

Pigs per litter

2023

2023 as
percent
of 2022

2022

2023

2022

2023

2023 as
percent
of 2022

(percent)

(number)

(number)

(percent)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

Colorado .......................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Missouri ........................
Nebraska ......................
North Carolina ...............

66
260
120
475
82
52
260
220
190
405

60
280
120
470
80
55
250
225
180
400

91
108
100
99
98
106
96
102
95
99

9.90
10.60
10.40
11.30
10.10
11.10
11.70
10.70
11.70
10.50

9.90
10.60
11.20
11.45
10.25
10.70
11.95
10.60
11.25
10.70

653
2,756
1,248
5,368
828
577
3,042
2,354
2,223
4,253

594
2,968
1,344
5,382
820
589
2,988
2,385
2,025
4,280

91
108
108
100
99
102
98
101
91
101

Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Pennsylvania ................
South Dakota ................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................

95
195
51
128
63
43

90
205
46
141
73
14

95
105
90
110
116
33

11.50
9.65
11.40
12.55
10.60
10.60

10.70
10.15
11.40
12.80
11.40
9.60

1,093
1,882
581
1,606
668
456

963
2,081
524
1,805
832
134

88
111
90
112
125
29

Other States 2 ...............

214

221

103

11.03

10.61

2,359

2,344

99

United States ................

2,919

2,910

100

10.95

11.02

31,947

32,058

100

1

Number of pigs born December-February that were still on hand March 1, or had been sold.
2
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: March-May 2021-2023
[May not add due to rounding]
Sows farrowing
State

2021

2022

Pig crop 1

Pigs per litter

2023 2

(1,000 head) (1,000 head) (1,000 head)

2023 as
percent
of 2022

2021

2022

(percent)

(number)

(number)

2021

2022

(1,000 head) (1,000 head)

2022 as
percent
of 2021
(percent)

Colorado ...................
Illinois ........................
Indiana ......................
Iowa ..........................
Kansas ......................
Michigan ...................
Minnesota .................
Missouri ....................
Nebraska ..................
North Carolina ...........

73
260
125
510
88
50
280
225
190
430

61
260
120
500
85
51
265
225
185
420

61
240
135
490
76
56
260
230
180
400

100
92
113
98
89
110
98
102
97
95

10.40
10.85
10.90
11.40
10.20
10.70
11.90
10.90
11.60
10.30

9.80
10.70
10.70
11.45
10.40
10.80
11.85
10.70
11.60
10.40

759
2,821
1,363
5,814
898
535
3,332
2,453
2,204
4,429

598
2,782
1,284
5,725
884
551
3,140
2,408
2,146
4,368

79
99
94
98
98
103
94
98
97
99

Ohio ..........................
Oklahoma .................
Pennsylvania ............
South Dakota ............
Texas ........................
Utah ..........................

91
210
47
131
68
45

90
200
50
135
61
45

96
200
46
141
79
17

107
100
92
104
130
38

10.40
10.10
11.40
12.50
9.30
10.60

11.30
10.20
11.50
12.70
10.10
10.70

946
2,121
536
1,638
632
477

1,017
2,040
575
1,715
616
482

108
96
107
105
97
101

Other States 3 ...........

211

214

223

104

10.77

10.76

2,275

2,304

101

United States ............

3,034

2,967

2,930

99

10.95

11.00

33,233

32,635

98

1
2
3

Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold.
Intentions.
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

10

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: June-August 2021-2023
[May not add due to rounding]
Sows farrowing
State

2021

2021

2022

(percent)

(number)

(number)

2023 2

2022

Pig crop 1

Pigs per litter
2023 as
percent
of 2022

(1,000 head) (1,000 head) (1,000 head)

2021

2022

(1,000 head) (1,000 head)

2022 as
percent
of 2021
(percent)

Colorado ....................
Illinois ........................
Indiana ......................
Iowa ...........................
Kansas ......................
Michigan ....................
Minnesota ..................
Missouri .....................
Nebraska ...................
North Carolina ...........

72
285
130
505
88
53
265
220
200
430

65
270
125
510
85
55
265
235
185
430

60
240
135
505
78
55
260
240
175
410

92
89
108
99
92
100
98
102
95
95

10.50
10.90
10.70
11.40
10.80
10.80
11.80
10.70
11.65
10.70

10.10
10.75
10.85
11.65
10.95
10.90
12.10
10.70
11.25
10.85

756
3,107
1,391
5,757
950
572
3,127
2,354
2,330
4,601

657
2,903
1,356
5,942
931
600
3,207
2,515
2,081
4,666

87
93
97
103
98
105
103
107
89
101

Ohio ...........................
Oklahoma ..................
Pennsylvania .............
South Dakota .............
Texas ........................
Utah ...........................

104
200
49
128
69
46

95
220
48
144
81
32

97
205
47
140
83
16

102
93
98
97
102
50

11.20
10.90
11.50
12.60
11.10
10.60

11.40
10.20
11.60
12.60
9.40
13.80

1,165
2,180
564
1,613
766
488

1,083
2,244
557
1,814
761
442

93
103
99
112
99
91

Other States 3 ............

206

217

227

104

10.82

10.76

2,223

2,337

105

United States .............

3,050

3,062

2,973

97

11.13

11.13

33,944

34,096

100

1

Number of pigs born June-August that were still on hand September 1, or had been sold.
2
Intentions.
3
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States:
September-November 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Sows Farrowing

Pig crop 1

Pigs per litter

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

2021

2022

2021

2022

2022 as
percent
of 2021

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

(number)

(number)

(1,000 head)

(1,000 head)

(percent)

Colorado .......................
Illinois ...........................
Indiana .........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas .........................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Missouri ........................
Nebraska ......................
North Carolina ..............

70
255
130
525
85
50
295
225
195
415

60
285
130
515
81
56
280
225
190
415

86
112
100
98
95
112
95
100
97
100

10.50
10.70
11.10
11.45
10.80
11.10
11.55
11.20
11.70
10.90

10.10
10.75
10.90
11.55
10.90
11.10
12.00
11.20
11.50
11.15

735
2,729
1,443
6,011
918
555
3,407
2,520
2,282
4,524

606
3,064
1,417
5,948
883
622
3,360
2,520
2,185
4,627

82
112
98
99
96
112
99
100
96
102

Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Pennsylvania ................
South Dakota ................
Texas ...........................
Utah ..............................

106
190
52
133
68
44

95
215
46
143
80
15

90
113
88
108
118
34

11.50
10.65
11.40
12.50
10.60
10.50

11.30
10.80
11.50
12.10
10.00
11.50

1,219
2,024
593
1,663
721
462

1,074
2,322
529
1,730
800
173

88
115
89
104
111
37

Other States 2 ...............

211

221

105

10.98

10.73

2,317

2,371

102

United States ................

3,049

3,052

100

11.19

11.22

34,123

34,231

100

State

1

Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1, or had been sold.
2
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

11

Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: A random sample of roughly 4,500 United States producers was surveyed to provide data for these
estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the
survey. Large operations were sampled more heavily than small operations. During the first half of March 2023, data were
collected from about 3,000 operations. The data collected were received by electronic data reporting, mail, telephone, and
face-to-face personal interviews. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report inventories as of
March 1, 2023.
Estimating Procedures: Hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing
recommendations and analysis submitted by each regional field office. National and State survey data were reviewed for
reasonableness with each other and with estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with
the previous inventory estimate, adds the estimates of births and imports, and subtracts the estimates of slaughter, exports,
and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for
reasonableness.
Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter relationships. Estimates for the
previous four quarters are subject to revision when current estimates are made. In December, estimates are reviewed from
all quarters of the current year, all quarters of the previous year, and December two years prior. The reviews are primarily
based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Department of
Agriculture five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date.
Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling
variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in
reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized
through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for
selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance
and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory
estimates over the past 20 quarters is 1.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be
above or below the current estimate of 72.9 million head by more than 1.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the
difference will not exceed 2.6 percent.

Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates
[Based on data for the previous 20 quarters]
Item

Root mean
square error
(percent)

Difference between first and latest estimate

90 percent
confidence
level

Average

Smallest

Largest

(percent)

(1,000)

(1,000)

(1,000)

Quarters
Below latest

Above latest

(number)

(number)

All hogs and pigs ............................

1.5

2.6

874

190

2,500

8

12

Pig crop .........................................

1.9

3.3

510

14

1,502

12

8

Second intentions ......................

2.4

4.1

58

2

189

11

9

First intentions ............................

2.5

4.3

59

0

182

9

11

Expected farrowings

12

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Records by Quarter – United States: 1866 to Present
[This table provides data users with record high estimates of all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop, and pigs per litter since each data series began]
Item

Estimate

Record high

Series began

(1,000 head)

(year)

(year)

All hogs and pigs ................................................
March 1 ..........................................................
June 1 .............................................................
September 1 ...................................................
December 1 ....................................................

75,164
77,664
78,583
83,741

2020
2020
2019
1943

1988
1964
1988
1866

Market ................................................................
March 1 ..........................................................
June 1 .............................................................
September 1 ...................................................
December 1 ....................................................

68,739
71,238
72,153
71,136

2020
2020
2019
2020

1988
1964
1988
1963

Pig crop ..............................................................
December-February1 ......................................
March-May ......................................................
June-August ...................................................
September-November .....................................

35,016
34,621
36,370
34,987

2020
2020
2019
2020

1970
1970
1970
1970

(number)
Pigs per litter ......................................................
December-February1 ......................................
March-May ......................................................
June-August ...................................................
September-November .....................................
1

(year)
11.02
11.00
11.13
11.22

(year)
2023
2022
2022
2022

1970
1970
1970
1970

December preceding year.

Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to
contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected].
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ............................................................................................................ (202) 690-2424
Sherry Bertramsen – Livestock Slaughter ................................................................................................ (202) 690-8632
Ryan Cowen – Cattle, Cattle on Feed ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-3040
Donnie Fike – Dairy Products ................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3347
Anthony Fischer – Hogs and Pigs ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-3106
Mike Miller – Milk Production and Milk Cows ........................................................................................ (202) 720-3278
Suzanne Richards – Sheep and Goats ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-4448

Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

13

Access to NASS Reports
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employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].