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pdfProspective Plantings
ISSN: 1949-159X
Released March 31, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
Corn Planted Acreage Up 4 Percent from 2022
Soybean Acreage Up Slightly
All Wheat Acreage Up 9 Percent
All Cotton Acreage Down 18 Percent
Corn planted area for all purposes in 2023 is estimated at 92.0 million acres, up 4 percent or 3.42 million acres from last
year. Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in 40 of the 48 estimating States.
Soybean planted area for 2023 is estimated at 87.5 million acres, up slightly from last year. Compared with last year,
planted acreage is up or unchanged in 15 of the 29 estimating States.
All wheat planted area for 2023 is estimated at 49.9 million acres, up 9 percent from 2022. The 2023 winter wheat
planted area, at 37.5 million acres, is up 13 percent from last year and up 2 percent from the previous estimate. Of this
total, about 26.0 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 7.80 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.71 million acres are
White Winter. Area expected to be planted to other spring wheat for 2023 is estimated at 10.6 million acres, down
2 percent from 2022. Of this total, about 9.95 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat. Durum planted area for 2023 is
expected to total 1.78 million acres, up 9 percent from the previous year.
All cotton planted area for 2023 is estimated at 11.3 million acres, down 18 percent from last year. Upland area is
estimated at 11.1 million acres, down 18 percent from 2022. American Pima area is estimated at 154,000 acres, down
16 percent from 2022.
This report was approved on March 31, 2023.
Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Gloria M. Greene
2
Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents
Principal Crops Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 .................................................................................... 5
Corn Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ..................................................................................................... 6
Corn and Soybean Planted Acreage – United States Chart..................................................................................................... 7
Sorghum Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 .............................................................................................. 7
Oat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ....................................................................................................... 8
Barley Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 .................................................................................................. 9
All Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 .......................................................................................... 10
Winter Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 .................................................................................... 11
Durum Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 .................................................................................... 12
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ........................................................................... 12
All Hay Area Harvested – States and United States: 2021-2023 .......................................................................................... 13
Rice Area Planted by Class – States and United States: 2021-2023 ..................................................................................... 14
Canola Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023................................................................................................ 14
Soybean Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ............................................................................................. 15
Peanut Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ................................................................................................ 15
Sunflower Area Planted by Type – States and United States: 2021-2023 ............................................................................ 16
Flaxseed Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023............................................................................................. 16
Cotton Area Planted by Type – States and United States: 2021-2023 .................................................................................. 17
Sugarbeet Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ........................................................................................... 18
Tobacco Area Harvested – States and United States: 2021-2023 ......................................................................................... 18
Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type – States and United States: 2021-2023 .......................................................... 19
Dry Edible Bean Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ................................................................................ 20
Chickpea Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ............................................................................................ 21
Lentil Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 ................................................................................................. 22
Dry Edible Pea Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023 .................................................................................. 22
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
3
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2022 and 2023 ................... 23
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2022 and 2023........................ 25
Winter Weather Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Statistical Methodology......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Reliability of Prospective Plantings Planted Acreage Estimates .......................................................................................... 33
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
4
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Principal Crops Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Crops included in area planted are corn, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, winter wheat, Durum wheat, other spring wheat, rice, soybeans, peanuts,
sunflower, cotton, dry edible beans, chickpeas, potatoes, sugarbeets, canola, and proso millet. Harvested acreage is used for all hay, tobacco, and
sugarcane in computing total area planted. Values for 2023 were carried forward from 2022 for potatoes, proso millet, rye, and sugarcane. Includes
double cropped acres and unharvested small grains planted as cover crops]
2021
2022
2023 1
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
State
Alabama ......................................................................
Alaska .........................................................................
Arizona ........................................................................
Arkansas .....................................................................
California .....................................................................
Colorado ......................................................................
Connecticut .................................................................
Delaware .....................................................................
Florida .........................................................................
Georgia .......................................................................
2,125
25
598
7,020
2,393
6,235
70
422
1,077
3,393
2,120
26
599
6,992
2,202
5,664
77
442
1,071
3,396
2,190
25
592
7,044
2,260
6,168
78
437
1,045
3,417
Idaho ...........................................................................
Illinois ..........................................................................
Indiana ........................................................................
Iowa .............................................................................
Kansas ........................................................................
Kentucky ......................................................................
Louisiana .....................................................................
Maine ..........................................................................
Maryland ......................................................................
Massachusetts .............................................................
4,051
22,830
11,930
24,390
24,421
6,078
3,055
238
1,537
69
4,071
22,805
11,910
24,330
24,101
5,994
3,217
252
1,558
74
4,170
23,070
12,060
24,470
24,276
6,234
3,167
257
1,614
74
Michigan ......................................................................
Minnesota ....................................................................
Mississippi ...................................................................
Missouri .......................................................................
Montana ......................................................................
Nebraska .....................................................................
Nevada ........................................................................
New Hampshire ...........................................................
New Jersey ..................................................................
New Mexico .................................................................
6,377
19,471
4,233
13,644
9,364
19,810
355
55
299
775
6,308
19,100
4,210
13,820
9,396
19,299
414
55
321
771
6,431
19,353
4,305
14,045
9,349
19,336
413
55
310
839
New York .....................................................................
North Carolina .............................................................
North Dakota ...............................................................
Ohio .............................................................................
Oklahoma ....................................................................
Oregon ........................................................................
Pennsylvania ...............................................................
Rhode Island ...............................................................
South Carolina .............................................................
South Dakota ...............................................................
2,744
4,399
24,085
9,945
9,553
1,813
3,740
9
1,476
16,693
2,837
4,425
21,616
9,890
9,666
1,733
3,723
9
1,462
16,627
3,024
4,637
23,076
10,050
9,721
1,828
3,860
7
1,522
17,137
Tennessee ...................................................................
Texas ..........................................................................
Utah .............................................................................
Vermont .......................................................................
Virginia ........................................................................
Washington .................................................................
West Virginia ...............................................................
Wisconsin ....................................................................
Wyoming .....................................................................
4,952
22,797
868
245
2,495
3,715
569
8,099
1,282
4,960
22,029
880
255
2,493
3,585
611
7,966
1,442
5,138
22,195
897
267
2,653
3,549
660
8,060
1,425
United States 2 .............................................................
317,119
312,113
318,100
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2
States do not add to United States due to rye unallocated acreage.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
5
Corn Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Alabama ..............................
Arizona ................................
Arkansas ..............................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Connecticut ..........................
Delaware .............................
Florida ..................................
Georgia ................................
Idaho ....................................
350
95
850
400
1,380
24
175
95
480
380
300
80
710
370
1,350
25
170
85
425
320
350
100
810
380
1,400
25
175
80
490
390
117
125
114
103
104
100
103
94
115
122
Illinois ...................................
Indiana .................................
Iowa .....................................
Kansas .................................
Kentucky ..............................
Louisiana .............................
Maine ...................................
Maryland ..............................
Massachusetts .....................
Michigan ..............................
11,000
5,400
12,900
5,700
1,550
580
30
470
14
2,350
10,800
5,250
12,900
5,500
1,440
450
29
440
14
2,350
11,000
5,500
13,100
5,600
1,600
510
28
460
14
2,400
102
105
102
102
111
113
97
105
100
102
Minnesota ............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Montana ...............................
Nebraska .............................
Nevada ................................
New Hampshire ...................
New Jersey ..........................
New Mexico .........................
New York .............................
8,400
730
3,600
120
9,900
15
13
78
120
1,040
8,000
580
3,350
130
9,600
14
13
76
100
1,030
8,350
700
3,450
120
9,500
13
12
85
110
1,100
104
121
103
92
99
93
92
112
110
107
North Carolina ......................
North Dakota ........................
Ohio .....................................
Oklahoma ............................
Oregon .................................
Pennsylvania .......................
Rhode Island ........................
South Carolina .....................
South Dakota .......................
Tennessee ...........................
960
4,100
3,550
340
95
1,330
2
400
6,150
1,010
830
2,950
3,400
350
75
1,180
2
320
5,750
840
960
3,750
3,450
355
85
1,310
2
370
5,900
960
116
127
101
101
113
111
100
116
103
114
Texas ...................................
Utah .....................................
Vermont ...............................
Virginia .................................
Washington ..........................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin ............................
Wyoming ..............................
2,150
70
85
510
165
51
3,950
95
2,150
70
90
450
130
46
3,950
95
2,050
75
92
540
160
50
3,950
85
95
107
102
120
123
109
100
89
United States .......................
93,252
88,579
91,996
104
1
6
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Corn and Soybean Planted Acreage - United States
Million acres
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
Corn
Soybeans
50.0
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
Sorghum Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Colorado ..............................
Kansas ................................
Nebraska .............................
Oklahoma ............................
South Dakota .......................
Texas ..................................
495
3,600
320
430
310
2,150
545
3,300
320
430
280
1,450
510
3,150
260
350
255
1,450
94
95
81
81
91
100
United States .......................
7,305
6,325
5,975
94
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
7
Oat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Arkansas ..............................
California .............................
Georgia ................................
Idaho ....................................
Illinois ...................................
Iowa .....................................
Kansas .................................
Maine ...................................
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
10
100
80
50
60
130
115
22
55
180
10
105
75
50
60
130
110
26
50
200
8
100
70
40
45
200
130
26
60
190
80
95
93
80
75
154
118
100
120
95
Missouri ...............................
Montana ...............................
Nebraska .............................
New York .............................
North Carolina ......................
North Dakota ........................
Ohio .....................................
Oklahoma ............................
Oregon .................................
Pennsylvania .......................
50
60
120
55
33
355
45
80
15
85
45
85
125
68
40
345
50
50
20
87
40
55
140
80
40
290
30
100
20
78
89
65
112
118
100
84
60
200
100
90
South Dakota .......................
Texas ...................................
Wisconsin ............................
215
460
175
260
450
140
310
440
175
119
98
125
United States .......................
2,550
2,581
2,667
103
1
8
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Barley Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Alaska .................................
Arizona ................................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Delaware .............................
Idaho ...................................
Kansas ................................
Maine ..................................
Maryland ..............................
Michigan ..............................
6
18
40
52
21
530
14
12
33
10
6
16
40
61
21
560
15
11
28
9
7
21
35
65
21
590
12
11
34
8
117
131
88
107
100
105
80
100
121
89
Minnesota ............................
Montana ..............................
New York .............................
North Carolina .....................
North Dakota .......................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Dakota .......................
Utah .....................................
Virginia ................................
55
970
9
13
580
40
45
30
18
30
65
1,030
9
16
740
36
41
28
20
30
55
1,090
9
17
610
40
37
25
22
30
85
106
100
106
82
111
90
89
110
100
Washington .........................
Wisconsin ............................
Wyoming .............................
83
15
84
72
14
77
85
18
80
118
129
104
United States .......................
2,708
2,945
2,922
99
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
9
All Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Alabama ..............................
Arizona ................................
Arkansas ..............................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Delaware .............................
Georgia ................................
Idaho ....................................
Illinois ...................................
Indiana .................................
175
60
210
385
2,200
60
220
1,227
670
340
180
85
220
380
1,950
80
200
1,157
650
290
210
40
230
355
2,250
80
170
1,195
880
440
117
47
105
93
115
100
85
103
135
152
Kansas .................................
Kentucky ..............................
Maryland ..............................
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Montana ...............................
Nebraska .............................
New Jersey ..........................
7,300
510
345
610
1,210
95
640
5,520
920
23
7,300
530
355
460
1,250
100
630
5,460
980
26
8,100
610
370
670
1,180
120
860
5,330
1,150
30
111
115
104
146
94
120
137
98
117
115
New Mexico .........................
New York .............................
North Carolina ......................
North Dakota ........................
Ohio .....................................
Oklahoma ............................
Oregon .................................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Carolina .....................
South Dakota .......................
380
155
450
6,470
580
4,400
720
270
125
1,520
355
140
480
6,195
510
4,300
730
270
120
1,560
390
170
510
6,310
650
4,600
750
290
110
1,660
110
121
106
102
127
107
103
107
92
106
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ...................................
Utah .....................................
Virginia .................................
Washington ..........................
Wisconsin ............................
Wyoming ..............................
400
5,500
110
205
2,330
290
115
410
5,300
110
230
2,325
305
115
470
6,700
100
230
2,240
290
115
115
126
91
100
96
95
100
United States .......................
46,740
45,738
49,855
109
1
Intended plantings for 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
10
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Winter Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Includes area planted in preceding fall]
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Alabama ..............................
Arkansas .............................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Delaware .............................
Georgia ...............................
Idaho ...................................
Illinois ..................................
Indiana ................................
Kansas ................................
175
210
360
2,200
60
220
710
670
340
7,300
180
220
340
1,950
80
200
770
650
290
7,300
210
230
330
2,250
80
170
770
880
440
8,100
117
105
97
115
100
85
100
135
152
111
Kentucky ..............................
Maryland ..............................
Michigan ..............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Montana ..............................
Nebraska .............................
New Jersey ..........................
New Mexico .........................
New York .............................
510
345
610
95
640
1,950
920
23
380
155
530
355
460
100
630
2,050
980
26
355
140
610
370
670
120
860
2,000
1,150
30
390
170
115
104
146
120
137
98
117
115
110
121
North Carolina .....................
North Dakota .......................
Ohio .....................................
Oklahoma ............................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Carolina .....................
South Dakota .......................
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ..................................
450
90
580
4,400
720
270
125
800
400
5,500
480
105
510
4,300
730
270
120
830
410
5,300
510
130
650
4,600
750
290
110
930
470
6,700
106
124
127
107
103
107
92
112
115
126
Utah .....................................
Virginia ................................
Washington .........................
Wisconsin ............................
Wyoming .............................
110
205
1,750
290
115
110
230
1,850
305
115
100
230
1,800
290
115
91
100
97
95
100
United States .......................
33,678
33,271
37,505
113
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
11
Durum Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Includes area planted in preceding fall in Arizona and California]
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Arizona ................................
California .............................
Idaho ....................................
Montana ...............................
North Dakota ........................
60
25
7
670
880
85
40
7
710
790
40
25
5
730
980
47
63
71
103
124
United States .......................
1,642
1,632
1,780
109
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Idaho ....................................
Minnesota ............................
Montana ...............................
North Dakota ........................
South Dakota .......................
Washington ..........................
510
1,210
2,900
5,500
720
580
380
1,250
2,700
5,300
730
475
420
1,180
2,600
5,200
730
440
111
94
96
98
100
93
United States .......................
11,420
10,835
10,570
98
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
12
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
All Hay Area Harvested – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area harvested
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Alabama ..............................
Alaska .................................
Arizona ................................
Arkansas .............................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Connecticut .........................
Delaware .............................
Florida .................................
Georgia ...............................
700
19
305
1,183
830
1,480
46
11
300
540
680
20
315
1,093
830
1,140
52
11
310
550
680
18
315
1,130
790
1,350
53
11
290
570
100
90
100
103
95
118
102
100
94
104
Idaho ...................................
Illinois ..................................
Indiana ................................
Iowa .....................................
Kansas ................................
Kentucky ..............................
Louisiana .............................
Maine ..................................
Maryland ..............................
Massachusetts .....................
1,240
500
540
1,260
2,690
2,120
370
120
199
55
1,410
495
520
1,200
2,610
2,030
390
134
215
60
1,370
345
520
1,070
2,500
2,080
410
140
220
60
97
70
100
89
96
102
105
104
102
100
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Montana ..............................
Nebraska .............................
Nevada ................................
New Hampshire ...................
New Jersey ..........................
New Mexico .........................
790
1,090
620
3,140
2,290
2,560
340
42
98
225
790
1,220
590
3,180
2,290
2,140
400
42
109
225
800
1,170
620
3,140
2,400
2,200
400
43
95
255
101
96
105
99
105
103
100
102
87
113
New York .............................
North Carolina .....................
North Dakota .......................
Ohio .....................................
Oklahoma ............................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania .......................
Rhode Island .......................
South Carolina .....................
South Dakota .......................
1,160
683
2,020
870
2,950
890
1,220
7
270
2,400
1,240
656
2,150
830
3,020
820
1,350
7
270
2,950
1,310
760
2,000
820
3,000
880
1,360
5
280
3,200
106
116
93
99
99
107
101
71
104
108
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ..................................
Utah .....................................
Vermont ...............................
Virginia ................................
Washington .........................
West Virginia .......................
Wisconsin ............................
Wyoming .............................
1,705
5,600
670
160
1,030
710
518
1,230
940
1,712
4,190
680
165
1,030
650
565
1,100
1,110
1,760
4,800
700
175
1,150
660
610
1,030
1,100
103
115
103
106
112
102
108
94
99
United States .......................
50,736
49,546
50,645
102
1
Intended area harvested in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
13
Rice Area Planted by Class – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
Class and State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Long grain
Arkansas ..............................
California .............................
Louisiana .............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Texas ...................................
1,095
7
380
105
195
188
1,000
7
370
85
150
190
1,140
7
390
100
190
130
114
100
105
118
127
68
United States .......................
1,970
1,802
1,957
109
Medium grain
Arkansas ..............................
California .............................
Louisiana .............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Texas ...................................
115
365
40
4
2
105
220
55
5
5
160
365
60
5
3
152
166
109
(X)
100
60
United States .......................
526
390
593
152
Short grain
Arkansas ..............................
California 2 ...........................
1
35
1
29
1
32
100
110
United States .......................
36
30
33
110
All
Arkansas ..............................
California .............................
Louisiana .............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Texas ...................................
1,211
407
420
105
199
190
1,106
256
425
85
155
195
1,301
404
450
100
195
133
118
158
106
118
126
68
United States .......................
2,532
2,222
2,583
116
- Represents zero.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2
Includes sweet rice.
Canola Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Kansas .................................
Minnesota ............................
Montana ...............................
North Dakota ........................
Oklahoma ............................
Washington ..........................
7.0
63.0
185.0
1,750.0
12.0
135.0
9.0
71.0
180.0
1,800.0
18.0
135.0
5.0
60.0
170.0
1,900.0
5.0
130.0
56
85
94
106
28
96
United States .......................
2,152.0
2,213.0
2,270.0
103
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
14
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Soybean Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Alabama ..............................
Arkansas .............................
Delaware .............................
Georgia ...............................
Illinois ..................................
Indiana ................................
Iowa .....................................
Kansas ................................
Kentucky ..............................
Louisiana .............................
310
3,040
155
140
10,600
5,650
10,100
4,850
1,850
1,080
360
3,180
160
165
10,800
5,850
10,100
5,050
1,950
1,260
380
3,050
150
170
10,800
5,600
10,100
4,600
1,900
1,170
106
96
94
103
100
96
100
91
97
93
Maryland ..............................
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
Nebraska .............................
New Jersey ..........................
New York .............................
North Carolina .....................
North Dakota .......................
490
2,150
7,650
2,220
5,700
5,600
100
325
1,650
7,250
520
2,250
7,450
2,310
6,100
5,750
110
350
1,700
5,700
530
2,100
7,550
2,350
6,000
5,750
100
355
1,750
6,550
102
93
101
102
98
100
91
101
103
115
Ohio .....................................
Oklahoma ............................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Carolina .....................
South Dakota .......................
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ..................................
Virginia ................................
Wisconsin ............................
4,900
580
600
395
5,450
1,550
110
600
2,100
5,100
545
600
405
5,100
1,650
155
620
2,160
5,100
500
590
430
5,300
1,600
150
580
2,300
100
92
98
106
104
97
97
94
106
United States .......................
87,195
87,450
87,505
100
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Peanut Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Alabama ..............................
Arkansas .............................
Florida .................................
Georgia ...............................
Mississippi ...........................
New Mexico .........................
North Carolina .....................
Oklahoma ............................
South Carolina .....................
Texas ..................................
Virginia ................................
185.0
36.0
165.0
755.0
18.0
11.2
115.0
16.0
69.0
180.0
30.0
165.0
33.0
150.0
685.0
15.0
7.3
117.0
18.0
71.0
160.0
29.0
170.0
35.0
165.0
740.0
15.0
6.0
130.0
16.0
85.0
155.0
30.0
103
106
110
108
100
82
111
89
120
97
103
United States .......................
1,580.2
1,450.3
1,547.0
107
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
15
Sunflower Area Planted by Type – States and United States: 2021-2023
Varietal type
and State
Area planted
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Oil
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Kansas .................................
Minnesota ............................
Nebraska .............................
North Dakota ........................
South Dakota .......................
Texas ...................................
45.0
41.0
25.0
54.0
35.0
460.0
485.0
35.0
33.0
52.0
32.0
69.0
50.0
660.0
610.0
44.0
30.0
22.0
52.0
50.0
27.0
590.0
400.0
32.0
91
42
163
72
54
89
66
73
United States .......................
1,180.0
1,550.0
1,203.0
78
Non-oil
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Kansas .................................
Minnesota ............................
Nebraska .............................
North Dakota ........................
South Dakota .......................
Texas ...................................
1.0
12.0
10.0
3.0
6.5
34.0
38.0
6.0
0.5
10.0
10.0
8.5
7.0
57.0
42.0
8.0
1.0
12.0
12.0
8.0
10.0
69.0
40.0
6.0
200
120
120
94
143
121
95
75
United States .......................
110.5
143.0
158.0
110
All
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Kansas .................................
Minnesota ............................
Nebraska .............................
North Dakota ........................
South Dakota .......................
Texas ...................................
46.0
53.0
35.0
57.0
41.5
494.0
523.0
41.0
33.5
62.0
42.0
77.5
57.0
717.0
652.0
52.0
31.0
34.0
64.0
58.0
37.0
659.0
440.0
38.0
93
55
152
75
65
92
67
73
United States .......................
1,290.5
1,693.0
1,361.0
80
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Flaxseed Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Montana ...............................
North Dakota ........................
135
190
98
165
65
110
66
67
United States .......................
325
263
175
67
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
16
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Cotton Area Planted by Type – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
Type and State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Upland
Alabama ..............................
Arizona ................................
Arkansas .............................
California .............................
Florida .................................
Georgia ...............................
Kansas ................................
Louisiana .............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
405.0
120.0
480.0
26.0
92.0
1,170.0
110.0
110.0
445.0
315.0
435.0
88.0
640.0
20.0
106.0
1,290.0
165.0
195.0
530.0
360.0
400.0
100.0
480.0
15.0
90.0
1,200.0
115.0
130.0
400.0
360.0
92
114
75
75
85
93
70
67
75
100
New Mexico .........................
North Carolina .....................
Oklahoma ............................
South Carolina .....................
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ..................................
Virginia ................................
36.0
375.0
495.0
210.0
275.0
6,350.0
75.0
65.0
470.0
670.0
270.0
335.0
7,850.0
91.0
65.0
360.0
530.0
240.0
335.0
6,200.0
82.0
100
77
79
89
100
79
90
United States .......................
11,089.0
13,580.0
11,102.0
82
American Pima
Arizona ................................
California .............................
New Mexico .........................
Texas ..................................
9.0
88.0
12.5
17.0
15.0
116.0
19.0
33.0
16.0
90.0
13.0
35.0
107
78
68
106
United States .......................
126.5
183.0
154.0
84
All
Alabama ..............................
Arizona ................................
Arkansas .............................
California .............................
Florida .................................
Georgia ...............................
Kansas ................................
Louisiana .............................
Mississippi ...........................
Missouri ...............................
405.0
129.0
480.0
114.0
92.0
1,170.0
110.0
110.0
445.0
315.0
435.0
103.0
640.0
136.0
106.0
1,290.0
165.0
195.0
530.0
360.0
400.0
116.0
480.0
105.0
90.0
1,200.0
115.0
130.0
400.0
360.0
92
113
75
77
85
93
70
67
75
100
New Mexico .........................
North Carolina .....................
Oklahoma ............................
South Carolina .....................
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ..................................
Virginia ................................
48.5
375.0
495.0
210.0
275.0
6,367.0
75.0
84.0
470.0
670.0
270.0
335.0
7,883.0
91.0
78.0
360.0
530.0
240.0
335.0
6,235.0
82.0
93
77
79
89
100
79
90
United States .......................
11,215.5
13,763.0
11,256.0
82
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
17
Sugarbeet Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California]
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
2
California ...........................
Colorado ..............................
Idaho ....................................
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
Montana ...............................
Nebraska .............................
North Dakota ........................
Oregon .................................
Washington ..........................
Wyoming ..............................
24.0
24.3
173.0
155.0
427.0
43.7
44.4
226.0
10.5
1.8
31.2
18.0
23.4
173.0
139.0
434.0
33.6
46.8
251.0
9.4
2.0
29.3
18.0
23.0
175.0
133.0
433.0
24.0
49.0
214.0
10.0
1.8
30.0
100
98
101
96
100
71
105
85
106
90
102
United States .......................
1,160.9
1,159.5
1,110.8
96
1
2
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from processors.
Relates to year of planting for overwintered beets in southern California.
Tobacco Area Harvested – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area harvested
State
2021
(acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(acres)
(acres)
(percent)
Georgia ................................
Kentucky ..............................
North Carolina ......................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Carolina .....................
Tennessee ...........................
Virginia .................................
7,700
47,500
119,200
5,350
7,300
12,000
14,810
6,000
43,600
116,160
5,000
5,800
12,700
12,500
7,000
44,100
110,160
4,700
7,000
12,700
11,410
117
101
95
94
121
100
91
United States .......................
213,860
201,760
197,070
98
1
Intended area harvested in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
18
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Tobacco Area Harvested by Class and Type – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area harvested
Class, type, and State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(acres)
(acres)
(acres)
(percent)
Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)
Georgia ..............................................................................
North Carolina ....................................................................
South Carolina ....................................................................
Virginia ...............................................................................
7,700
119,000
7,300
14,300
6,000
116,000
5,800
12,100
7,000
110,000
7,000
11,000
117
95
121
91
United States ......................................................................
148,300
139,900
135,000
96
Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)
Kentucky .............................................................................
Tennessee ..........................................................................
Virginia ...............................................................................
8,700
6,000
150
9,800
6,300
150
8,100
6,300
200
83
100
133
United States ......................................................................
14,850
16,250
14,600
90
Class 3A, Light air-cured
Type 31, Burley
Kentucky .........................................................................
North Carolina ................................................................
Pennsylvania ..................................................................
Tennessee ......................................................................
Virginia ...........................................................................
33,000
200
2,500
2,500
360
28,000
160
1,300
2,700
250
31,000
160
1,000
3,000
210
111
100
77
111
84
United States ..................................................................
38,560
32,410
35,370
109
Type 32, Southern Maryland
Pennsylvania ..................................................................
350
100
100
100
United States ..................................................................
350
100
100
100
Total light air-cured (31-32) ..............................................
38,910
32,510
35,470
109
Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)
Kentucky .............................................................................
Tennessee ..........................................................................
5,800
3,500
5,800
3,700
5,000
3,400
86
92
United States ......................................................................
9,300
9,500
8,400
88
Class 4, Cigar filler
Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf
Pennsylvania ..................................................................
2,500
3,600
3,600
100
United States ..................................................................
2,500
3,600
3,600
100
All tobacco
United States ......................................................................
213,860
201,760
197,070
98
1
Intended area harvested in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
19
Dry Edible Bean Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
[Excludes beans grown for garden seed]
Area planted
State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Idaho ....................................
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
Nebraska .............................
North Dakota ........................
Washington ..........................
Wyoming ..............................
16.0
33.0
58.0
210.0
240.0
120.0
660.0
40.0
17.0
12.0
35.0
45.0
215.0
215.0
115.0
570.0
27.0
16.0
18.0
38.0
45.0
215.0
190.0
85.0
590.0
30.0
15.0
150
109
100
100
88
74
104
111
94
United States .......................
1,394.0
1,250.0
1,226.0
98
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
20
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Chickpea Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
Size and State
2021
2022
2023 1
Percent of
previous year
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Small chickpeas 2
California ............................................................
Idaho ..................................................................
Montana .............................................................
North Dakota ......................................................
Washington ........................................................
(D)
9.0
31.0
(D)
14.0
(D)
15.0
35.0
(D)
24.0
(D)
30.0
50.0
(D)
27.0
(D)
200
143
(D)
113
Other States 3 .....................................................
5.3
5.7
6.5
114
United States ......................................................
59.3
79.7
113.5
142
Large chickpeas 4
California ............................................................
Idaho ..................................................................
Montana .............................................................
North Dakota ......................................................
Washington ........................................................
(D)
69.0
144.0
(D)
81.0
(D)
46.0
152.0
(D)
65.0
(D)
40.0
110.0
(D)
60.0
(D)
87
72
(D)
92
Other States 3 .....................................................
14.2
10.4
17.0
163
United States ......................................................
308.2
273.4
227.0
83
All chickpeas
California ............................................................
Idaho ..................................................................
Montana .............................................................
North Dakota ......................................................
Washington ........................................................
3.2
78.0
175.0
16.3
95.0
2.2
61.0
187.0
13.9
89.0
4.5
70.0
160.0
19.0
87.0
205
115
86
137
98
United States ......................................................
367.5
353.1
340.5
96
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
2
Chickpeas 20/64 inches or smaller.
3
Includes data withheld above.
4
Chickpeas larger than 20/64 inches.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
21
Lentil Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Idaho ....................................
Montana ...............................
North Dakota ........................
Washington ..........................
20.0
530.0
120.0
38.0
15.0
500.0
100.0
45.0
23.0
375.0
90.0
31.0
153
75
90
69
United States .......................
708.0
660.0
519.0
79
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
Dry Edible Pea Area Planted – States and United States: 2021-2023
Area planted
State
2021
(1,000 acres)
Percent of
previous year
2023 1
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(percent)
Idaho ....................................
Montana ...............................
Nebraska .............................
North Dakota ........................
South Dakota .......................
Washington ..........................
29.0
565.0
29.0
255.0
26.0
68.0
28.0
535.0
33.0
230.0
14.0
79.0
30.0
570.0
32.0
290.0
8.0
70.0
107
107
97
126
57
89
United States .......................
972.0
919.0
1,000.0
109
1
Intended plantings in 2023 as indicated by reports from farmers.
22
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2022 and 2023
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop
Area planted
Area harvested
2022
2023
2022
2023
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
Grains and hay
Barley ..............................................................................................
Corn for grain 1 ................................................................................
Corn for silage .................................................................................
Hay, all ............................................................................................
Alfalfa ..........................................................................................
All other .......................................................................................
Oats .................................................................................................
Proso millet ......................................................................................
Rice .................................................................................................
Rye ..................................................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 ..........................................................................
Sorghum for silage ...........................................................................
Wheat, all ........................................................................................
Winter ..........................................................................................
Durum ..........................................................................................
Other spring .................................................................................
2,945
88,579
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2,581
637
2,222
2,175
6,325
(NA)
45,738
33,271
1,632
10,835
2,922
91,996
Oilseeds
Canola .............................................................................................
Cottonseed ......................................................................................
Flaxseed ..........................................................................................
Mustard seed ...................................................................................
Peanuts ...........................................................................................
Rapeseed ........................................................................................
Safflower .........................................................................................
Soybeans for beans .........................................................................
Sunflower ........................................................................................
2,213.0
(X)
263
221.0
1,450.3
10.9
150.2
87,450
1,693.0
2,270.0
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all ........................................................................................
Upland .........................................................................................
American Pima ............................................................................
Sugarbeets ......................................................................................
Sugarcane .......................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................
13,763.0
13,580.0
183.0
1,159.5
(NA)
(NA)
11,256.0
11,102.0
154.0
1,110.8
(NA)
7,440.7
7,262.5
178.2
1,137.1
930.2
201.8
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas ........................................................................................
Dry edible beans ..............................................................................
Dry edible peas ................................................................................
Lentils ..............................................................................................
353.1
1,250.0
919.0
660.0
340.5
1,226.0
1,000.0
519.0
341.9
1,223.0
862.0
602.0
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ................................................................................................
Maple syrup .....................................................................................
Mushrooms ......................................................................................
Peppermint oil ..................................................................................
Potatoes ..........................................................................................
Spearmint oil ...................................................................................
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
901.0
(NA)
See footnote(s) at end of table.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NA)
2,667
2,583
5,975
49,855
37,505
1,780
10,570
175
1,547.0
87,505
1,361.0
2,433
79,207
6,860
49,546
14,913
34,633
890
507
2,172
341
4,570
525
35,480
23,459
1,581
10,440
50,645
2,169.0
(X)
244
182.0
1,385.4
10.4
135.3
86,336
1,607.0
197.1
59.8
(NA)
(NA)
34.0
895.6
13.7
--continued
23
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2022 and 2023 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop
Yield per acre
2022
Production
2023
2022
2023
(1,000)
(1,000)
Grains and hay
Barley ................................................................................... bushels
Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels
Corn for silage ........................................................................... tons
Hay, all ....................................................................................... tons
Alfalfa ..................................................................................... tons
All other .................................................................................. tons
Oats ...................................................................................... bushels
Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels
Rice 2 ........................................................................................... cwt
Rye ....................................................................................... bushels
Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels
Sorghum for silage ..................................................................... tons
Wheat, all .............................................................................. bushels
Winter ............................................................................... bushels
Durum ............................................................................... bushels
Other spring ...................................................................... bushels
71.7
173.3
18.7
2.28
3.22
1.87
64.8
18.5
7,383
36.1
41.1
10.8
46.5
47.0
40.5
46.2
174,333
13,729,719
128,567
112,801
47,958
64,843
57,655
9,403
160,368
12,301
187,785
5,662
1,649,878
1,103,707
63,981
482,190
Oilseeds
Canola ...................................................................................pounds
Cottonseed ................................................................................ tons
Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels
Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds
Peanuts .................................................................................pounds
Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds
Safflower ................................................................................pounds
Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels
Sunflower ...............................................................................pounds
1,762
(X)
17.6
557
4,019
1,863
1,213
49.5
1,750
3,821,810
4,455.0
4,304
101,290
5,568,150
19,380
164,054
4,276,123
2,812,540
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 ............................................................................... bales
Upland 2 ................................................................................ bales
American Pima 2 ................................................................... bales
Sugarbeets ................................................................................ tons
Sugarcane ................................................................................. tons
Tobacco .................................................................................pounds
947
939
1,277
28.6
37.3
2,217
14,680.0
14,206.0
474.0
32,574
34,671
447,367
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas 2 .................................................................................. cwt
Dry edible beans 2 ........................................................................ cwt
Dry edible peas 2 .......................................................................... cwt
Lentils 2 ........................................................................................ cwt
1,070
2,113
1,751
912
3,658
25,847
15,092
5,489
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ......................................................................................pounds
Maple syrup ........................................................................... gallons
Mushrooms ............................................................................pounds
Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds
Potatoes ...................................................................................... cwt
Spearmint oil ..........................................................................pounds
1,694
(NA)
(NA)
99
438
120
101,286.3
5,028
702,391
3,349
392,243
1,648
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Yield in pounds.
24
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2022 and 2023
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop
Area planted
Area harvested
2022
2023
2022
2023
(hectares)
(hectares)
(hectares)
(hectares)
Grains and hay
Barley .................................................................................
Corn for grain 1 ...................................................................
Corn for silage ....................................................................
Hay, all 2 .............................................................................
Alfalfa .............................................................................
All other ..........................................................................
Oats ....................................................................................
Proso millet .........................................................................
Rice ....................................................................................
Rye .....................................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 .............................................................
Sorghum for silage ..............................................................
Wheat, all 2 .........................................................................
Winter .............................................................................
Durum .............................................................................
Other spring ....................................................................
1,191,810
35,847,040
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,044,500
257,790
899,220
880,200
2,559,660
(NA)
18,509,710
13,464,440
660,450
4,384,820
1,182,500
37,229,860
Oilseeds
Canola ................................................................................
Cottonseed .........................................................................
Flaxseed .............................................................................
Mustard seed ......................................................................
Peanuts ..............................................................................
Rapeseed ...........................................................................
Safflower ............................................................................
Soybeans for beans ............................................................
Sunflower ...........................................................................
895,580
(X)
106,430
89,440
586,920
4,410
60,780
35,390,140
685,140
918,650
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 .........................................................................
Upland ............................................................................
American Pima ...............................................................
Sugarbeets .........................................................................
Sugarcane ..........................................................................
Tobacco ..............................................................................
5,569,750
5,495,690
74,060
469,240
(NA)
(NA)
4,555,190
4,492,870
62,320
449,530
(NA)
3,011,180
2,939,060
72,120
460,170
376,440
81,650
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas ...........................................................................
Dry edible beans .................................................................
Dry edible peas ...................................................................
Lentils .................................................................................
142,900
505,860
371,910
267,100
137,800
496,150
404,690
210,030
138,360
494,940
348,840
243,620
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ...................................................................................
Maple syrup ........................................................................
Mushrooms .........................................................................
Peppermint oil .....................................................................
Potatoes .............................................................................
Spearmint oil ......................................................................
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
364,630
(NA)
See footnote(s) at end of table.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NA)
1,079,310
1,045,310
2,418,020
20,175,820
15,177,900
720,350
4,277,570
70,820
626,060
35,412,400
550,780
984,610
32,054,280
2,776,170
20,050,770
6,035,140
14,015,630
360,170
205,180
878,990
138,000
1,849,430
212,460
14,358,400
9,493,620
639,810
4,224,960
20,495,530
877,770
(X)
98,740
73,650
560,660
4,210
54,750
34,939,320
650,340
79,750
24,190
(NA)
(NA)
13,760
362,440
5,540
--continued
25
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2022 and 2023 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2023 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop
Yield per hectare
Production
2022
2023
2022
2023
(metric tons)
(metric tons)
(metric tons)
(metric tons)
Grains and hay
Barley ..............................................................................................
Corn for grain ...................................................................................
Corn for silage .................................................................................
Hay, all 2 ..........................................................................................
Alfalfa ...........................................................................................
All other ........................................................................................
Oats .................................................................................................
Proso millet ......................................................................................
Rice .................................................................................................
Rye ..................................................................................................
Sorghum for grain ............................................................................
Sorghum for silage ...........................................................................
Wheat, all 2 ......................................................................................
Winter ..........................................................................................
Durum ..........................................................................................
Other spring .................................................................................
3.85
10.88
42.01
5.10
7.21
4.20
2.32
1.04
8.28
2.26
2.58
24.18
3.13
3.16
2.72
3.11
3,795,650
348,750,930
116,634,020
102,331,350
43,506,770
58,824,580
836,860
213,260
7,274,170
312,460
4,769,960
5,136,480
44,902,320
30,037,980
1,741,280
13,123,060
Oilseeds
Canola .............................................................................................
Cottonseed ......................................................................................
Flaxseed ..........................................................................................
Mustard seed ...................................................................................
Peanuts ...........................................................................................
Rapeseed ........................................................................................
Safflower ..........................................................................................
Soybeans for beans .........................................................................
Sunflower .........................................................................................
1.97
(X)
1.11
0.62
4.50
2.09
1.36
3.33
1.96
1,733,540
4,041,510
109,330
45,940
2,525,670
8,790
74,410
116,377,000
1,275,750
Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 ......................................................................................
Upland .........................................................................................
American Pima .............................................................................
Sugarbeets ......................................................................................
Sugarcane .......................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................
1.06
1.05
1.43
64.22
83.55
2.49
3,196,190
3,092,990
103,200
29,550,640
31,453,000
202,920
Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Chickpeas ........................................................................................
Dry edible beans ..............................................................................
Dry edible peas ................................................................................
Lentils ..............................................................................................
1.20
2.37
1.96
1.02
165,920
1,172,400
684,560
248,980
Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ................................................................................................
Maple syrup .....................................................................................
Mushrooms ......................................................................................
Peppermint oil ..................................................................................
Potatoes ..........................................................................................
Spearmint oil ....................................................................................
1.90
(NA)
(NA)
0.11
49.09
0.13
45,940
25,140
318,600
1,520
17,791,840
750
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Total may not add due to rounding.
26
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Winter Weather Summary
Highlights: Drought coverage in the continental United States decreased from an autumn 2022 peak of 62.95 percent on
October 25 to 38.46 percent by February 28, according to the Drought Monitor. As a result, the Nation’s record-setting
streak with at least 40 percent drought coverage ended at 126 weeks (September 29, 2020 – February 21, 2023), although
serious drought impacts persisted on the central and southern Plains.
Notably, the central and southern Plains continued to suffer from soil moisture shortages and poor rangeland, pasture, and
winter wheat conditions. By February 26, at least 40 percent of the winter wheat was rated in very poor to poor condition
in Kansas (51 percent), Texas (49 percent), Oklahoma (41 percent), and Nebraska (40 percent). On the same date,
statewide topsoil moisture in Texas was rated 72 percent very short to short, while rangeland and pastures were rated
68 percent very poor to poor. Western Texas dealt with a pair of late-winter dust storms, the second of which (on
February 26) featured wind gusts of 60 to 100 mph or higher.
In contrast, a phenomenal winter wet season unfolded across the West—excluding areas from the Pacific Northwest to the
northern Rockies—with periods of intense precipitation concentrated in early December, late December to mid-January,
and during the final days of February. By March 1, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack grew to
nearly 45 inches, on par with end-of-season values in California’s last two wet winters—2016-17 and 2018-19—
according to the California Department of Water Resources.
The band of unusually stormy weather extended northeastward across portions of the northern Plains and upper Midwest,
where some locations that received snow in November retained coverage throughout the winter. With wintry conditions
lingering through the end of winter in the north-central United States, some farmers struggled through the early stages of
lambing and calving season. Additionally, livestock producers in parts of the eastern Corn Belt contended with muddy
conditions.
Although much of the winter was cold in the West and mild across the South, East, and lower Midwest, there were
notable exceptions. Winter’s harshest cold outbreak struck for about a week during the second half of December, resulting
in freezes in nearly all areas east of the Rockies, except southern Florida. Another cold wave arrived as January ended and
February began, contributing to a multi-day ice storm from central Texas into the mid-South. Later in February, an
extended spell of record-setting warmth across the South contributed to an increased risk of spring freezes causing
damage to blooming fruit crops.
Historical Perspective: According to preliminary data provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information,
the winter of 2022-23 was mild and wet, based on national statistics. The contiguous United States experienced its
17th-warmest, 21st-wettest December-February period in the last 128 years. The national average temperature of 34.9°F
was 2.7°F above the 1901-2000 mean, while precipitation averaged 7.69 inches—113 percent of normal. State
temperature rankings ranged from the 31st-coolest winter in California to the warmest winter on record in Massachusetts.
In fact, top-ten rankings for winter warmth were noted in Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Texas, along with every
state east of the Mississippi River, except Wisconsin. Meanwhile, state precipitation rankings ranged from the 23rd-driest
winter in Florida to the wettest winter on record in Wisconsin. Additionally, it was among the ten wettest winters on
record in Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, South Dakota, and Utah. For California, the sporadic nature of heavy
precipitation—short bursts of rain and snow, followed by stretches of mostly dry weather—led to the 11th-wettest winter
in the last 128 years, although it was the second-wettest December-February period of the 21st century, behind only
2016-17.
December: Significant December precipitation in the West, as well as the South, East, northern Plains, and lower
Midwest, further chipped away at expansive drought. Some of the most impressive December storminess occurred in the
Far West, including northern and central California. According to the California Department of Water Resources, the
average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack grew from about 3 to 17 inches in December, with the bulk of
the precipitation falling during the first half of the month and in the year’s final days. The 17-inch equivalency was about
175 percent of the early-January average and roughly two-thirds of the typical end-of-season value.
In the Northwest, some winter wheat-production areas—especially in eastern Washington—retained a protective snow
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
27
cover for the entire month. Snow also blanketed the northern Plains, insulating wheat from a harsh cold snap that sent
temperatures into the range of -20 to -40°F, with the Arctic outbreak peaking for several days starting around
December 20. The central and southern Plains were not as fortunate, with only patchy snow providing limited protection
from sub-zero temperatures. Due to drought and temperature extremes, one-quarter to one-half of the winter wheat was
rated in very poor to poor condition at the end of December in Oklahoma (27 percent), Nebraska (36 percent), and Kansas
(49 percent).
The Arctic outbreak, which lasted through the holiday weekend (December 24-26), also potentially harmed a variety of
crops in the Deep South. In the wake of multiple freezes, Southern producers monitored cover crops, winter grains, and
forages, some of which were burned back by low temperatures. Southern Florida escaped the freeze, but crops such as
citrus, sugarcane, and strawberries in winter agricultural regions from Deep South Texas to Louisiana and central Florida
were subjected to temperatures below 32°F. Another cold-related impact was an epic Great Lake-effect snow and wind
event, especially in parts of western New York.
On the strength of the cold wave, monthly temperatures averaged 5 to 15°F below normal in numerous locations from the
interior Northwest to the northern Plains. Elsewhere, temperatures were closer to normal due to the offsetting effects of
early-month warmth and the subsequent Arctic outbreak, although monthly readings averaged more than 5°F above
normal in parts of northern New England.
With wet December weather in parts of the South, muddy field conditions developed. By the end of December, topsoil
moisture was rated 60 percent surplus in Arkansas and Louisiana. At the same time, topsoil moisture was at least one-half
very short to short in a variety of states across the Plains and Rockies, including New Mexico (76 percent), Nebraska
(73 percent), Kansas (69 percent), Oklahoma (58 percent), and Wyoming (56 percent).
The combination of long-term drought in the central United States and the late-December cold wave led to ongoing
lower-than-normal river levels in much of the Mississippi River drainage basin. Due to the late-month formation of ice
(and ice jams) in the middle Missouri River, record-low water levels developed in the lower Missouri River. On
December 30-31 in Missouri, river stages along the Missouri River dipped to -0.98 and -2.88 feet, respectively, in
Hermann and Jefferson City. Previous records had been -0.90 foot in Hermann (on December 21, 1878) and -1.10 feet in
Jefferson City (on February 3, 1908).
January: Three weeks of frenetically stormy weather from the Sierra Nevada to the western slopes of the central Rockies
ensured above-average snowfall for the 2022-23 winter wet season. The extraordinary stormy spell, which had begun in
late December, helped to fill some smaller reservoirs but also caused extensive damage, primarily in California due to
river flooding and debris flows. Some of the worst large-scale flooding occurred in the heavily agricultural Salinas Valley,
which endured breached levees and inundation of fields, roads, and farm infrastructure and equipment.
Given the cold (monthly temperatures locally averaging more than 4°F below normal), stormy weather in the West,
almost all the high-elevation precipitation went into building snowpack. According to the California Department of Water
Resources, the average water equivalency of the Sierra Nevada snowpack stood near 34 inches at month’s end, more than
twice the late-January normal and nearly 130 percent of the typical end-of-season average.
Periodically significant precipitation affected other areas of the West, although January totals were below average in parts
of the southern Rockies and the Northwest. Farther east, a stripe of heavy precipitation extended across the Plains and
upper Midwest, with some of the heaviest snow blanketing Nebraska and portions of neighboring states. In fact, it was the
snowiest January on record in Nebraska locations such as Valentine (28.3 inches) and North Platte (22.6 inches).
Most other areas of the Plains also received periods of beneficial January precipitation, although winter wheat continued
to exhibit stress due to poor crop establishment and effects from episodic cold waves. An Arctic outbreak in late January
delivered sub-0°F temperatures as far south as the central High Plains—but was neither as long-lasting nor severe as a
December cold blast. By late January, more than one-third of the winter wheat was rated in very poor to poor condition in
Texas (52 percent), Kansas (47 percent), Nebraska (40 percent), and Oklahoma (34 percent). Nearly one-quarter of the
wheat—24 percent—was rated very poor to poor in Colorado and South Dakota. Among those six states, only Colorado
exhibited a significant improvement in condition, as compared with late-November 2022.
28
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Farther east, mild, wet weather dominated areas east of the Mississippi River, with monthly temperatures averaging at
least 4 to 8°F above normal in many locations. In fact, it was the warmest January on record in numerous Northeastern
communities. Exceptions to the Eastern wetness included southeastern Louisiana and peninsular Florida. Mid-winter snow
was notably scarce in the mid-Atlantic, with New York City setting a record for its latest first accumulation of the
season—0.4 inch on February 1. Farther south, however, spring-like thunderstorms spawned dozens of tornadoes,
especially from January 2-4, 11-12, and 24-25. Tornadoes were reported as far north as central Illinois (on January 3) and
eastern Iowa (on January 16). The first tornado-related deaths of the year occurred on January 12, with seven fatalities in
Autauga County, Alabama, and one in Spalding County, Georgia. The Nation’s preliminary monthly count of
168 tornadoes was second only to 214 in January 1999.
February: Continuing an active pattern that developed last autumn, frequent major storms further eroded long-term
drought. Beneficiaries of the late-winter storminess included California and the Great Basin, Intermountain West,
Midwest, and parts of the Plains. Despite the overall reduction in drought coverage, some areas remained critically dry as
meteorological spring began. Notably, the central and southern Plains continued to suffer from soil moisture shortages and
poor rangeland, pasture, and winter wheat conditions. Other regions experiencing dry weather during February included
Florida’s peninsula and the lower Rio Grande Valley.
Meanwhile, a subtle Northwestern drying trend contrasted with the sudden return of exceptionally stormy weather across
California. Following about a month of relatively tranquil weather, California’s late-month storms were accompanied by
unusually cold conditions and low-elevation snow. Parts of southern California endured record-setting snowfall, leaving
entire mountain communities stranded as the calendar turned to March.
Cold February weather in California and throughout the West contrasted with record-setting warmth across the South.
Monthly temperatures averaged at least 5 to 10°F below normal at numerous locations across California, the Great Basin,
and the Intermountain West. Colder-than-normal conditions extended across the northwestern half of the Plains and into
the far upper Midwest. Meanwhile, warmer-than-normal weather dominated the eastern one-third of the United States,
with readings broadly averaging 5 to 10°F above normal from the lower half of the Mississippi Valley to the middle and
southern Atlantic States. For several Southeastern communities, it was the warmest-ever February, in some cases toppling
records that had been established just 5 years ago, in 2018. Southern and Eastern warmth promoted unusually early
development of pastures, winter grains, and fruit crops.
Elsewhere, highly variable Midwestern conditions ranged from mild, damp weather in the southern and eastern Corn Belt
to cold, snowy weather farther northwest. In the far upper Midwest, where snow has been on the ground since November,
late-winter storminess occasionally contributed to difficult conditions tending livestock, including early stages of lambing
and calving season. Conversely, some livestock producers in the eastern Corn Belt contended with increasingly muddy
fields and feedlots.
Crop Comments
Corn: Growers intend to plant 92.0 million acres of corn for all purposes in 2023, an increase of 4 percent from last year.
Compared with last year, planted acreage is expected to be up or unchanged in 40 of the 48 estimating States. After a
planted acreage decline of 1.15 million acres from 2021 to 2022 in North Dakota, planted in 2023 is expected to increase
800,000 acres from the previous year. Acreage increases of 150,000 acres or more from last year are also expected in
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, and South Dakota.
Record high acreage is expected in Arizona and Idaho. Record low acreage is expected in Massachusetts and
Rhode Island.
Sorghum: Growers intend to plant 5.98 million acres of sorghum for all purposes in 2023, down 6 percent from last year.
Kansas, the leading sorghum-producing State, is expecting 5 percent less sorghum acres in 2023 than last year. Texas
growers are expecting to plant the same amount of sorghum acres as last year. As of March 19, Texas growers had planted
28 percent of their expected acreage, even with last year and the 5-year average.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
29
Oats: Area expected to be seeded to oats for the 2023 crop year is estimated at 2.67 million acres, up 3 percent from
2022. If realized, the United States planted area will be the fifth lowest on record. Record low planted acreage is expected
in Idaho and Ohio.
Barley: Producers intend to seed 2.92 million acres of barley for the 2023 crop year, down 1 percent from the previous
year. In Montana, the largest barley State, acreage is expected to increase by 6 percent, from last year. Record low barley
acres are expected in California, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, and South Dakota.
Winter wheat: The 2023 winter wheat planted area is estimated at 37.5 million acres, up 2 percent from the previous
estimate and up 13 percent from last year. If realized this represents the highest winter wheat planted area since 2015, as
growers look to capitalize on strong prices. Of the total acreage, approximately 26.0 million acres are Hard Red Winter,
7.80 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.71 million acres are White Winter. Much of the Central Plains to the Ohio
Valley are expecting increased planted acres from 2022. Utah is expecting a record low winter wheat acreage.
Durum wheat: Area seeded to Durum wheat for 2023 is estimated at 1.78 million acres, up 9 percent from 2022. If
realized this would be the highest Durum wheat acreage since 2018. As of March 26, heading of Durum wheat in Arizona
was 35 percent complete, 8 percentage points behind last year, but 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace.
Idaho is expecting a record low Durum wheat acreage.
Other spring wheat: Growers intend to plant 10.6 million acres of other spring wheat, down 2 percent from 2022. If
realized this level of other spring wheat acreage would be the lowest since 1972. Of this total, about 9.95 million acres are
expected to be Hard Red Spring wheat. Planted area in North Dakota, the largest spring wheat-producing State, is
estimated at 5.20 million acres, down 2 percent from last year.
Hay: Producers intend to harvest 50.6 million acres of all hay in 2023, up 2 percent from 2022. Record low all hay
harvested area is expected in California, Delaware, Illinois, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin.
Rice: Area planted to rice in 2023 is expected to total 2.58 million acres, up 16 percent from 2022. Arkansas, the largest
long grain rice-producing State, is expected to increase long grain acres by 14 percent from the previous year. Compared
with last year, medium grain acres are expected to increase 52 percent and short grain acres are expected to increase
10 percent. California, the largest medium and short grain-producing State, is expected to increase medium grain planted
area by 66 percent and increase short grain planted area by 10 percent in 2023. If realized, planted area in Texas will be a
record low.
Canola: Producers intend to plant a record high 2.27 million acres in 2023, up 3 percent from last year’s planted area.
Compared with last year, planted area is expected to decline in five of the six major canola-producing States, with North
Dakota representing the only State expecting an increase. Planted area in North Dakota, the leading canola-producing
State, is expected to increase 6 percent from last year to a record high 1.90 million acres. If realized, planted area will be
100,000 acres higher than the previous record high for North Dakota established in 2022.
Soybeans: Growers intend to plant 87.5 million acres in 2023, up slightly from last year. Compared with last year, planted
acreage intentions are up or unchanged in 15 of the 29 estimating States. Increases of 100,000 acres or more are
anticipated in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. These increases are balanced by decreases of
100,000 acres or more in Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, and Missouri. If realized, the planted area in Illinois,
Nebraska, New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin will be the largest on record.
Peanuts: Growers intend to plant 1.55 million acres in 2023, up 7 percent from 2022. Planted acreage is expected to be up
or unchanged across peanut-producing States with the exception of New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. In Georgia, the
largest peanut-producing State, expected planted area is up 8 percent from 2022.
Sunflower: Growers intend to plant 1.36 million acres in 2023, a decrease of 20 percent from 2022. This will represent
the fourth lowest planted area on record for the Nation since 1976, if realized. Compared with last year, growers in seven
of the eight major sunflower-producing States expect a decline in planted acreage this year, with Kansas representing the
30
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
only State that is expecting an increase from 2022. Planted area in North Dakota is expected to decrease 8 percent from
last year to 659,000 acres, which will represent the seventh lowest area since 1975 for the State. Record low planted area
is expected in California, Colorado, and Nebraska.
Area intended for oil type varieties, at 1.20 million acres, is down 22 percent from 2022 and will be the fifth lowest since
1976, if realized. Of the eight major sunflower-producing States, only Kansas is expecting an increase in acreage planted
to oil type varieties of sunflower. Area intended for non-oil varieties, at 158,000 acres, is up 10 percent from last year but
will still represent the sixth lowest acreage on record for the Nation, if realized. Compared with last year, growers in five
of the eight major sunflower-producing States expect an increase in acreage for non-oil type varieties. The only States
expecting a decline from last year are Minnesota, South Dakota, and Texas.
Flaxseed: Growers intend to plant 175,000 acres of flaxseed in 2023, a decrease of 33 percent from 2022 planted acres
and will represent the lowest total for the Nation since 1997, if realized. Planted acreage in North Dakota, the largest
flaxseed-producing State, is expected to be down 33 percent, or 55,000 acres from 2022. Planted acreage in Montana is
expected to decrease 34 percent from the previous year.
Cotton: Growers intend to plant 11.3 million acres in 2023, down 18 percent from last year. Upland area is expected to
total 11.1 million acres, down 18 percent from 2022. American Pima area is expected to total 154,000 acres, down
16 percent from 2022.
Compared with last year, acreage decreases are expected in most cotton-estimating States, except Arizona, Missouri, and
Tennessee. Arizona is the only State expected to plant more cotton acres in 2023. Texas, the largest cotton-producing
State, is expecting the largest decline in cotton planted area, down 1.65 million acres from last year. If realized, Upland
cotton planted area in California will be a record low.
Sugarbeets: Area expected to be planted to sugarbeets for the 2023 crop year is estimated at 1.11 million acres,
down 4 percent from 2022. Intended acreages are expected to be the lowest since 2008. Record low planted area is
expected in Montana.
Tobacco: United States all tobacco area for harvest in 2023 is expected to total 197,070 acres, down 2 percent from 2022.
If realized, this will be the second lowest tobacco harvested area on record. Flue-cured tobacco, at 135,000 acres, is
down 4 percent from 2022 and accounts for 69 percent of this year’s total expected tobacco acreage. Total light air-cured
tobacco type area, at 35,470 acres, is up 9 percent from 2022. The burley portion of light air-cured tobacco, at
35,370 acres, is up 9 percent from last year. Fire-cured tobacco, at 14,600 acres, is down 10 percent from 2022. Dark aircured tobacco, at 8,400 acres, is down 12 percent from last year. Cigar filler tobacco, at 3,600 acres, is unchanged from
the previous year.
Dry edible beans: Growers intend to plant 1.23 million acres in 2023, down 2 percent from the previous year. Planted
area is expected to be below last year in Minnesota, Nebraska, and Wyoming.
Chickpeas: Growers intend to plant 340,500 acres of chickpeas, down 4 percent from the previous year. Small chickpea
expected planted area is estimated at 113,500 acres, up 42 percent from 2022. Area expected to be planted for
large chickpeas in 2023 is estimated at 227,000 acres, a 17 percent decrease from the previous year.
Lentils: Growers intend to plant 519,000 acres in 2023, down 21 percent from 2022. Planted area is expected to increase
in Idaho.
Dry edible peas: Growers intend to plant 1.00 million acres in 2023, up 9 percent from 2022. Planted area is expected to
increase in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
31
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: The acreage estimates in this report are based primarily on surveys conducted during the first two
weeks of March. The March Agricultural Survey is a probability survey that includes a sample of approximately
72,900 farm operators selected from a list of producers that ensures all operations in the United States have a chance to be
selected. Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone to obtain information on crop acreage
intentions for the 2023 crop year.
Estimating Procedures: National, Regional, State, and grower reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and
consistency with historical estimates. Each Regional Field Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the
Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). Survey data are compiled to the National level and are reviewed at this level
independently of each State's review. Acreage estimates were based on survey data and the historical relationship of
official estimates to the survey data.
Revision Policy: Acreage estimates in the Prospective Plantings report will not be revised. These estimates are intended
to reflect grower intentions as of the survey period. New acreage estimates will be made based on surveys conducted in
June when crop acreages have been established or planting intentions are firm. These new estimates will be published in
the Acreage report scheduled for June 30, 2023. Winter wheat is an exception. Since winter wheat was seeded prior to the
March survey, any changes in estimates in this report are considered revisions. The estimate of the harvested acreage of
winter wheat will be published on May 12, 2023, along with the first production forecast of the crop year.
Reliability: The survey used to make acreage estimates is subject to sampling and non-sampling errors that are common
to all surveys. Sampling errors represent the variability between estimates that would result if many different samples
were surveyed at the same time. Sampling errors for major crops are generally between 1.0 and 3.0 percent, but they
cannot be applied directly to the acreage published in this report to determine confidence intervals because the official
estimates represent a composite of information from more than a single source.
Non-sampling errors cannot be measured directly. They may occur due to incorrect reporting and/or recording, data
omissions or duplications, and errors in processing. To minimize non-sampling errors, vigorous quality controls are used
in the data collection process and all data are carefully reviewed for consistency and reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of acreage estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error," a statistical
measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviations between the acreage estimates in this report and the final
estimates are expressed as a percentage of the final estimates. The average of squared percentage deviations for the latest
20 year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error."
Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current estimates relative to the final end of
season estimates, assuming that factors affecting this year's estimates are not different from those influencing recent years.
For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the corn planted estimate is 2.2 percent. This means that chances are 2 out
of 3 that the current corn acreage estimate will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.2 percent. Chances
are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.8 percent.
Also, shown in the following table is a 20 year record for selected crops of the difference between the
Prospective Plantings planted acreage estimates and the final estimates. Using corn again as an example, changes between
the intentions estimates and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 1.39 million acres, ranging from
32,000 acres to 6.34 million acres. The prospective plantings estimates have been below the final estimate 10 times and
above 10 times. This does not imply that the planted estimate this year is likely to understate or overstate the final
estimate.
32
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Reliability of Prospective Plantings Planted Acreage Estimates
[Based on data for the past twenty years]
Crop
Root mean
square error
Difference between forecast
and final estimate
90 percent
confidence
interval
Thousand acres
Average
(percent)
Barley ..........................................
Corn ............................................
Hay 1 ............................................
Oats .............................................
Peanuts .......................................
Rice .............................................
Sorghum ......................................
Soybeans ....................................
Sugarbeets ..................................
Upland cotton ..............................
Wheat
Winter wheat ..............................
Durum wheat .............................
Other spring ...............................
(percent)
Smallest
Years
Largest
(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)
Below
final
Above
final
(number)
(number)
7.4
2.2
2.8
6.5
7.7
6.8
8.0
3.2
1.7
7.5
12.9
3.8
4.8
11.3
13.2
11.8
13.8
5.6
3.0
12.9
196
1,390
1,261
144
97
160
431
1,636
16
737
4
32
34
3
8
16
31
156
(Z)
13
401
6,338
3,769
490
216
329
1,114
8,517
46
2,115
8
10
1
7
11
10
11
8
9
12
12
10
19
13
9
10
9
12
11
8
1.8
21.6
5.5
3.1
37.3
9.6
579
245
537
21
45
86
1,242
1,028
2,083
6
13
7
14
7
13
(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.
1
Harvested acreage.
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
33
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section ......................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Irwin Anolik – Crop Progress and Condition ................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Joshua Bates – Hemp, Oats, Soybeans ............................................................................................. (202) 690-3234
Natasha Bruton – Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.................... (202) 690-1042
David Colwell – Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products ................................................................... (202) 720-8800
Michelle Harder – County Estimates, Hay ....................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
James Johanson – Rye, Wheat ......................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068
Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .............................................................................. (202) 720-2127
Becky Sommer – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ..................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369
Lihan Wei – Peanuts, Rice ............................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section................................................. (202) 720-2127
Deonne Holiday – Almonds, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Onions,
Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco ........................................................................................ (202) 720-4288
Robert Little – Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup,
Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes .................................................................. (202) 720-3250
Krishna Rizal – Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit,
Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives,
Oranges, Pistachios .................................................................................................................... (202) 720-5412
Chris Singh – Apples, Blueberries, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins,
Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes............................. (202) 720-4285
Antonio Torres – Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils,
Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons................................ (202) 720-2157
Chris Wallace – Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas,
Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans ........................................................ (202) 720-4215
34
Prospective Plantings (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
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If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
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(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | Prospective Plantings 03/31/2023 |
| Author | USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service |
| File Modified | 2023-03-31 |
| File Created | 2023-03-31 |