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Regional Educational Laboratory, Midwest
Usability and Feasibility Study for the Data‐Informed
Leadership for Equity (DILE) Approach
OMB# 1850‐0952 v.6
Volume I
Supporting Statement
Submitted by:
National Center for Education Evaluation (NCEE)
Institute of Education Sciences (IES)
U.S. Department of Education
Washington, DC
June 2024
Attachments
Attachment I. Culturally responsive practices training interview protocol
Attachment II. School leadership team training, coaching, and ABM interview protocol
Attachment III. Staff survey
Table of Contents
1)
SUBMITTAL‐RELATED INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................... 3
2)
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
3)
DESIGN AND CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................................. 54
4)
RECRUITMENT AND DATA COLLECTION .................................................................................................................... 65
5)
ESTIMATED RESPONDENT BURDEN ........................................................................................................................... 75
6)
ESTIMATE OF COSTS FOR RECRUITING AND PAYING RESPONDENTS .......................................................................... 86
7)
COST TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ............................................................................................................................. 86
8)
ASSURANCE OF CONFIDENTIALITY ............................................................................................................................ 86
9)
JUSTIFICATION FOR SENSITIVE QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................... 96
10) PROJECT SCHEDULE .................................................................................................................................................. 96
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1) SUBMITTAL‐RELATED INFORMATION
Please note that this Generic Information Collection Request (GEN IC) was previously approved under 1850‐0952.
The following material is being submitted under the National Center for Education Evaluation (NCEE) generic
clearance agreement (OMB# 1850‐0952), which provides NCEE the capability to collect preliminary or exploratory
information to aid in study design by: (1) fielding brief, quick turnaround surveys, extracting test case administrative
data, administering interviews, or conducting “mini‐experiments” in advance of a study for the purpose of
determining feasibility, a random assignment or comparison group strategy, or a data collection approach most
suitable for a potential or planned evaluation; and (2) developing, testing, and improving its survey and assessment
instruments, methodologies, and study dissemination strategies.
This request is to conduct interviews with teachers, other school staff, and school leadership team members
participating in the Data‐Informed Leadership for Equity (DILE) approach field test. These interviews will be used to
understand participants’ perceptions of the usability, feasibility, and accessibility of the DILE approach in order to
inform refinements to the DILE components to be examined in a future optimization and efficacy study. Interviews
will begin in February 2023.
In addition to interviews, REL Midwest is requesting to administer a staff survey to all staff in schools participating in
the DILE approach and schools in the same districts not participating in the DILE approach (comparison schools). REL
Midwest will administer the staff survey twice, once in September 2024 prior to the student‐ focused culturally
responsive practice training (pre‐measure) and once in May 2025 at the end of the school year (post‐measure). The
staff survey includes six Likert scales: use of data, control over student outcomes, educating all students,
collaboration with and view of colleagues, view of the school’s supports provided to teachers and staff, and
professional learning about equity. These data will be useful to measure the short‐term outcomes of DILE. The staff
survey will look at the effects of DILE on staff outcomes in DILE schools compared with non‐DILE schools.
2) BACKGROUND
School leaders’ use of a variety of data elements, including information about students’ educational opportunities
and experiences, can facilitate progress toward equity‐related goals by helping leaders identify disparities that they
can work to address. Furthermore, having systems that facilitate efficient collection and analysis of these data
elements can support educators’ decisionmaking about student, classroom, and school needs. Regional Educational
Laboratory (REL) Midwest will partner with Iowa City Community School District (ICCSD) and a second school district
in Iowatwo to three districts in the Midwest region to develop, field test, and refine a school‐level approach that
aims to support educators with processes, knowledge, and skills to use real‐time local data on racial and other group
disparities in sense of belonging and engagement (suspensions and attendance) and to make decisions about
strategies to reduce those disparities. This multicomponent approach, which is referred to as Data‐Informed
Leadership for Equity (DILE), will incorporate professional learning for school leaders, classroom teachers, and other
school staff in culturally responsive practices as well as training and tools specifically designed to support the use of
data to act upon student disparities in sense of belonging, suspensions, and attendance. The DILE approach uses data
to understand where inequities in student outcomes exist, use culturally responsive practices to increase student
sense of belonging, and explore and intervene on the system‐level factors that might be contributing to differences in
experiences. Specifically, the DILE approach has three components: 1) training for staff and school leaders in student‐
focused culturally responsive practices and the concept of sense of belonging; 2) action‐based monitoring (ABM) that
consists of adaptive data analysis and reporting algorithms to facilitate monitoring of students’ self‐reported sense of
belonging, suspensions, and attendance, along with associated written protocols to guide staff in identifying and
responding to issues flagged in the reports; 3) training plus coaching for school leadership team to support
implementation of student‐ focused culturally responsive practices and respond to ABM alerts.
REL Midwest is proposing to conduct a field test study of the DILE approach to provide the DILE development team
with critical, timely information about participants’ experiences with the DILE components (usability), the contextual
factors that support or hinder implementation (feasibility), and the perceived value of the DILE approach
(acceptability). This information will guide changes to the approach with an aim to increase usability, feasibility, and
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acceptability before moving into an optimization and efficacy study in the future. The proposed study allows for
testing and refining the DILE approach across multiple cohorts. The cohort 1 study provided some promising evidence
that the components of the DILE approach that were implemented and studied have potential to benefit educators
and students. Unfortunately, despite implementation team efforts to exercise flexibility and minimize burden, ICCSD
requested that REL Midwest pause DILE implementation activities with cohort 2 schools. As a result, REL Midwest did
not implement DILE in cohort 2 schools. The proposed study will add a third cohort to test the usability, feasibility,
and acceptability of the full DILE approach over an entire school year. across two cohorts: cohort 1 (January through
June 2023) and cohort 2 (August 2023 through June 2024). Cohort 2 will participate in full implementation of the DILE
approach over a full school year. The sample differs across the two cohorts. Cohort 1 will include school leaders,
classroom teachers, and other staff in one ICCSD middle school. Cohort 2 will include school leaders, classroom
teachers, and other staff in the two other ICCSD middle schools, along with two middle schools in another Iowa
public school district. REL Midwest will collect data from cohort 1 during the spring semester of the 2022/23 school
year and use the cohort 1 findings to inform any adaptations to DILE before implementation and data collection with
cohort 2. REL Midwest will collect data from cohort 32 during the 20243/254 school year and use the cohort 32
findings to inform adaptations to DILE and to test for preliminary effectiveness of DILE before conducting an
optimization/efficacy trial in the 2024/25 school year.
This request is to conduct interviews with teachers, other school staff, and DILE leadership team members
participating in DILE to understand what makes (or does not make) DILE a usable, feasible, and acceptable approach
that can improve sense of belonging and engagement among students. Through these interviews, teachers, other
school staff, and leadership team members will reflect on the extent to which the DILE components and content are
easy to understand and implement; will offer suggestions on how the DILE development team can improve the
quality and accessibility of DILE content and structure; will highlight contextual factors that support or hinder
successful implementation of DILE; will reflect on how the dosage, duration, and density of DILE supported or
hindered their participation; and will reflect on how worthwhile and helpful DILE is for support educators with
processes, knowledge, and skills to use real‐time local data on racial and other group disparities in sense of belonging
and engagement (suspensions and attendance) and to make decisions about strategies to reduce those disparities.
The culturally responsive practices training interview protocol and the school leadership team training, coaching, and
ABM interview protocol are presented in Attachments I and II, respectively. The interview collection during the field
test will inform the design of the DILE components and how it will be studied during a future optimization and
efficacy study.
In addition, this request is to administer staff surveys to staff in DILE and non‐DILE schools in the same district to
examine exploratory impacts of DILE on teachers outcomes. The staff survey includes six Likert scales: use of data,
control over student outcomes, educating all students, collaboration with and view of colleagues, view of the
school’s supports provided to teachers and staff, and professional learning about equity. These data will be useful to
measure the short‐term outcomes of DILE. The staff survey will look at the effects of DILE on staff outcomes in DILE
schools compared with non‐DILE schools. Thes staff survey scales are presented in Attachment III.
Staff survey. The research team will administer a staff survey to all school staff in all middle schools—DILE schools
and non‐DILE schools in the participating districts. The staff survey will be administered twice in cohort 3, once in
September 2024 prior to the student focused practices training (pre‐measure) and once in May 2025 at the end of
the school year (post‐measure).
Teacher and other staff interviews. At one time point per cohort, the REL Midwest research team will conduct
interviews with 9 teachers and other staff members in one school in cohort 1 and up to 4 teachers and other staff
members in each of 4 schools in cohort 2, for a total of 16 interviews in cohort 2. In cohort 3, the REL Midwest
research team will conduct interviews with 4‐6 randomly selected staff members in each of four schools for a total of
16 to 24 interviews. These teacher/other staff interviews will occur once toward the end of the spring semester in
each cohort.
School leadership team interviews. REL Midwest will conduct two interviews during the spring semester (2023) with
all 6 members of the school leadership team in cohort 1, for a total of 12 interviews in cohort 1. REL Midwest will
conduct one interview during the fall semester (2023) and two interviews during the spring semester (2024) with two
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members of each school’s leadership team in cohort 2, for a total of 36 interviews in cohort 2. REL Midwest will
conduct one interview during the fall semester (2024) and one interview during the spring semester (2025) with 4
members of each school’s leadership team in cohort 3, for a total of 32 interviews in cohort 3.
Interviews will be conducted via videoconference and will take no more than 45 minutes to complete.
3) DESIGN AND CONTEXT
The survey and interviews for which this clearance is requested will be used to understand teacher, other staff, and
DILE leadership team perceptions of DILE’s usability, feasibility, and accessibility as well as preliminary impact of DILE
on staff outcomes. REL Midwest will use the findings generated from these interviews to inform and develop
hypotheses about optimal delivery of DILE for different contexts. Hypotheses will be related to combinations of
modalities, dosages, and other DILE components that will be efficacious under different school and district conditions
(e.g., efficacious under resource constraints).
Specifically, the interviews will focus on:
Determining the extent to which the DILE content covered in the trainings and coaching sessions are easy to
understand, easy to implement, and facilitates student‐ focused culturally responsive instruction and use of
data,
Collecting suggestions for improving the quality of DILE content, the accessibility of DILE content, and the
modes of delivery for DILE content (i.e., training in student‐ focused culturally responsive practices, coaching
for school leadership team, ABM),
Identifying district and school contextual factors that support or hinder successful implementation of DILE,
Determining how the dosage and duration of the trainings and coaching affect participants’ ability to
participate and engage fully in DILE, and
Determining the extent to which teachers, other staff, and DILE leadership team members perceive DILE as
worthwhile and helpful for improving instructional practice, use of data, and student outcomes.
The interviews will be a semi‐structured discussion with teachers, staff, and leadership team members from one
participating school in cohort 1 and four participating schools in cohort 2, and four participating schools in cohort 3.
The interviews are intended to maximize the quality of data collected by asking probing questions to better
understand what makes (or could make) DILE a usable, feasible, and accessible approach to improve data use and
student outcomes.
The interview protocols will have sections covering the following topics:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The perceived purpose of DILE and general impressions of DILE.
Experiences participating in each DILE component.
Experiences implementing the strategies learned in trainings in their classroom or school.
Challenges and successes in implementing DILE in their classroom or school.
Community, district, and school contextual factors that are necessary to support successful implementation
of DILE.
The staff survey will include the following scales:
1. The Use of Data scale is a seven‐item scale that focuses on use of data on sense of belonging and
engagement (Bos et al., 2022; alpha = 0.71).
2. The Control Over Student Outcomes scale is a seven‐ item scale about staff’s capacity to influence their
students’ students’ sense of belonging (Brady et al., in preparation; alpha = 0.74),
3. The Educating All Students scale is a nine‐item scale developed by Panorama about staff’s perceptions of
their readiness to address issues of diversity,
4. The Collaboration With and View of Colleagues scale includes 8 items about the extent to which teachers
work together and trust each other (Bos et al., 2022; alpha = 0.84),
5. The View of the School’s Supports Provided to Teachers and Staff scale includes 4 items about the extent to
which the school provides students and staff resources and support services (Bos et al., 2022; alpha = 0.82).
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6. professional learning about equity
The staff survey will look at the effects of DILE on staff outcomes in DILE schools compared with non‐DILE schools.
4) RECRUITMENT AND DATA COLLECTION
REL Midwest will be responsible for selecting DILE participants to interview, obtaining their agreement to be
interviewed, conducting the interviews, compiling interview responses, and summarizing findings. Interviewers will
ask questions in an open‐ended manner using the protocols in Attachments I and II while allowing for new questions
or ideas to be brought up during the interview as a result of the interviewee’s responses. Two members of the
research team will review the interview transcripts individually and code them separately. Each coder will draw on
deductive approaches to help organize data into pre‐specified groups or themes (e.g., ease of use, ease of
implementation, and cultural responsiveness of DILE) and inductive approaches to make meaning from the data and
allow for the possibility that groups or themes other than those identified in advance might emerge. To ensure
intercoder reliability, a 20 percent sample of interview transcripts will be double coded. If 95 percent agreement on
key groups or themes is not met, the coders will reconcile their codes in a meeting with each other and adjudicate to
a single response.
REL Midwest will obtain the list of DILE leadership team members from the DILE development team. The Research
team will interview all leadership team members in cohort 1 and will randomly select two four leadership team
members from each school in cohorts 2 and 3 2. REL Midwest will obtain from the DILE development team
attendance records for the teacher and staff DILE student focused culturally responsive practices trainings. The
research team will randomly select 9 teachers and other staff who participated in the training in cohort 1, and 4
teachers in each of the 4 schools in cohort 2, and 4‐5 teachers in each of the 4 schools in cohort 3 to participate in
interviews.
The interviews will be conducted via video conference and will be audio and/or video recorded so that researchers
can reference recordings to supplement written notes taken during the interview.
For the staff survey, REL Midwest will work with administrators at each school to obtain staff rosters with email
addresses. REL Midwest will invite all school staff in the district schools to participate in the survey via email and will
request consent at the start of the survey. REL Midwest will send out up to four reminder emails to increase response
rates as needed.
To examine the effects of DILE on teacher outcomes from the staff survey, the research team will examine the extent
to which respondents of the staff survey in DILE schools and non‐DILE schools are equivalent on the pre‐test of the
outcome and demographic characteristics (e.g., years of teaching experience, highest degree earned, gender,
race/ethnicity). If there is a standardized mean difference (which is a measure of the extent to which differences exist
between the two groups) that is greater than 0.05 on any of the observed variables, the team will account for
baseline differences by including inverse probability weights (IPTWs) calculated using propensity scores with the
WeightIt Package in R (Greifer, 2021). IPTWs reweight the sample so that the distribution of baseline measures (that
is, demographic characteristics and outcomes measures at baseline) are more similar across the treatment and
comparison groups. Assuming the measured background characteristics accurately capture the important preexisting
differences between treatment and comparison staff, IPTWs allow for valid estimates about what DILE school staff
would have experienced if they had been in a non‐DILE school.
The estimated propensity scores will be used to calculate IPTWs for comparison staff, such that a comparison staff
weight equals the staff’s predicted odds of treatment assignment:
𝑝
𝑤1
𝑇
1 𝑇
1 𝑝
𝑇 equals 1 for staff attending a DILE school and 0 for staff attending a comparison school. With this weight, the
comparison group will be weighted to represent the treatment group to facilitate estimation of the average
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treatment effect on the treated. The IPTW has a value of 1 for all staff attending a DILE school.
The research team will carry out treatment effect estimation using weighted ordinary least squares to examine
differences between DILE staff and non‐DILE staff on self‐efficacy:
𝑌
𝛽
𝛽𝑇
𝑋 𝛽
𝜆
𝜖
Yi is the outcome for staff i, Tij is an indicator for being in the treatment (versus business‐as‐usual) group, 𝛽 is the
precision‐weighted estimate of the impact of being in a DILE school instead of the comparison group, Xij is the same
vector of teacher characteristics used in the propensity score model, λc are district fixed effects, and 𝜖 is an
idiosyncratic error. The model includes the same set of covariates used to create the weights to control for any
remaining differences between the treatment and comparison groups and to increase precision. Standard errors are
clustered at the school level, and the research team also will check the sensitivity of these results to using
bootstrapped standard errors given the limited number of schools in the study. The team will consider coefficients of
p < .05 as substantively different and also will examine the strength of the effect using Hedges’ g.
This design allows for a rigorous and cost‐efficient evaluation of teacher outcomes across multiple schools served by
DILE, in which random assignment of schools is not practical. Empirical within‐study comparisons have demonstrated
that studies using propensity score methods can approach the results of randomized experiments (Pohl et al., 2009;
Shadish et al., 2008). This analysis will serve as an exploratory analysis during the pilot phase of DILE to provide
evidence of whether the early versions of DILE improve staff self‐efficacy and collaboration. Results will be
interpreted with caution given the early stages of implementation, and the discussion of results will take into account
any implementation challenges identified as part of this study.
5) ESTIMATED RESPONDENT BURDEN
Table 1 details the respondent burden for the interviews in cohorts 1 and 2. The estimates assume that it will take 15
minutes to schedule interviews and that interviews will take 45 minutes. Each teacher or other staff will be
interviewed once. Each DILE leadership team member will be interviewed twice in cohort 1 and three times in cohort
2. On average across the two cohorts and across respondent type, we will have 11 respondents and 18 burden hours.
Table 2 details the respondent burden for the survey and interviews in cohort 3. The interview estimates assume that
interviews will take 45 minutes. Each DILE leadership team member will be interviewed twice. Each staff will be
interviewed once. The survey estimates assume that it will take 15 minutes to complete the survey. A total of 312
staff across 8 schools (4 DILE schools, 4 comparison schools) will complete the survey twice, once in fall and once in
spring. In total we will have 344 respondents and 204 burden hours.
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Please note that this Generic Information Collection Request (GEN IC) was previously approved under 1850‐0952.
This request adds 167 annual burden hours.
Table 1. Estimated Participant Burden SY 23
Number of
Number of
Activity
Respondents
Responses
Cohort 1/SY 23 teacher and other staff
9
interviews
Cohort 1/SY 23 DILE school leadership
6
team interviews
Cohort 2/SY 24 teacher and other staff
16
interviews
Cohort 2/SY 24 DILE school leadership
12
team interviews
Study Total
43
Cohort 1 and 2 Average Annual Burden
22
Minutes per
respondent
Total burden
hours
9
45
9
12
45
12
16
45
16
36
45
36
73
37
45
45
73
37
Note: Numbers have been rounded to whole numbers.
Table 1. Estimated Participant Burden SY 25 (Cohort 3)
Number of
Number of
Activity
Respondents
Responses
SY 25 DILE school leadership team
16
interviews
SY 25 teacher and other staff interviews
16
SY25 Staff survey
312
Cohort 3 annual burden
344
Minutes per
respondent
Total burden
hours
32
90
32
16
624
672
45
30
60‐105
16
156
204
Note: Numbers have been rounded to whole numbers.
6) ESTIMATE OF COSTS FOR RECRUITING AND PAYING RESPONDENTS
REL Midwest will provide principals who are on the DILE leadership team with $50 gift cards for participating in each
interview. REL Midwest will provide teachers and other staff $30 gift cards for participating in each interview.
REL Midwest will provide school staff who complete the survey with $50 gift cards for their participation.
7) COST TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
The total cost to federal government for conducting the interviews in cohorts 1 and 2 will be $71,072. This cost
includes scheduling interviews, conducting interviews, and analysis and reporting.
The total cost to the federal government for conducting the interviews and administering the surveys in cohort 3 will
be $287,014. This cost includes scheduling interviews, conducting interviews, programming the survey, sending
communications about the survey, analysis and reporting.
8) ASSURANCE OF CONFIDENTIALITY
Information collected for this study comes under the confidentiality and data protection requirements of the
Institute of Education Sciences (The Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002, Title I, Part E, Section 183). Respondents
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will be informed that their participation is voluntary and that all information they provide will not be disclosed, or
used, in identifiable form for any other purpose except as required by law (20 U.S.C. §9573 and 6 U.S.C. §151). At the
start of the interview, this information will be conveyed verbally to respondents by the interviewer.
The REL Midwest research team will follow confidentiality and data protection protocols in place at the American
Institutes for Research (AIR). They will submit and maintain a data governance plan. All data will be housed on a
secure drive, and access to this drive will be restricted to staff assigned to the project. Any data obtained for this
study will be used only for descriptive analyses.
9)
JUSTIFICATION FOR SENSITIVE QUESTIONS
The interview protocols do not include questions that might be considered sensitive.
10) PROJECT SCHEDULE
Scheduling for interviews will begin in January 2023 and data collection activities will continue through May
20242025.
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File Type | application/pdf |
File Title | Microsoft Word - Vol 1_SupportingStatement_RELMidwest_DILE5.1.3_FieldTestInterviewsSurveys_rev61424 |
Author | Juliana.Pearson |
File Modified | 2024-06-25 |
File Created | 2024-06-25 |