29 Cfr 1926.552

§ 1926.552

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–10 Edition)

and keep in a crouched position. Employees shall avoid the area from the
cockpit or cabin rearward unless authorized by the helicopter operator to
work there.
(q) Personnel. Sufficient ground personnel shall be provided when required
for safe helicopter loading and unloading operations.
(r) Communications. There shall be
constant reliable communication between the pilot, and a designated employee of the ground crew who acts as
a signalman during the period of loading and unloading. This signalman
shall be distinctly recognizable from
other ground personnel.
(s) Fires. Open fires shall not be permitted in an area that could result in
such fires being spread by the rotor
downwash.
§ 1926.552 Material hoists,
hoists, and elevators.

personnel

(a) General requirements. (1) The employer shall comply with the manufacturer’s specifications and limitations
applicable to the operation of all hoists
and elevators. Where manufacturer’s
specifications are not available, the
limitations assigned to the equipment
shall be based on the determinations of
a professional engineer competent in
the field.
(2) Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special hazard warnings or instructions
shall be posted on cars and platforms.
(3) Wire rope shall be removed from
service when any of the following conditions exists:
(i) In hoisting ropes, six randomly
distributed broken wires in one rope
lay or three broken wires in one strand
in one rope lay;
(ii) Abrasion, scrubbing, flattening,
or peening, causing loss of more than
one-third of the original diameter of
the outside wires;
(iii) Evidence of any heat damage resulting from a torch or any damage
caused by contact with electrical
wires;
(iv) Reduction from nominal diameter of more than three sixty-fourths
inch for diameters up to and including
three-fourths inch; one-sixteenth inch
for diameters seven-eights to 11⁄8

inches; and three thirty-seconds inch
for diameters 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 inches.
(4) Hoisting ropes shall be installed
in accordance with the wire rope manufacturers’ recommendations.
(5) The installation of live booms on
hoists is prohibited.
(6) The use of endless belt-type
manlifts on construction shall be prohibited.
(b) Material hoists. (1)(i) Operating
rules shall be established and posted at
the operator’s station of the hoist.
Such rules shall include signal system
and allowable line speed for various
loads. Rules and notices shall be posted
on the car frame or crosshead in a conspicuous location, including the statement ‘‘No Riders Allowed.’’
(ii) No person shall be allowed to ride
on material hoists except for the purposes of inspection and maintenance.
(2) All entrances of the hoistways
shall be protected by substantial gates
or bars which shall guard the full width
of the landing entrance. All hoistway
entrance bars and gates shall be painted with diagonal contrasting colors,
such as black and yellow stripes.
(i) Bars shall be not less than 2- by 4inch wooden bars or the equivalent, located 2 feet from the hoistway line.
Bars shall be located not less than 36
inches nor more than 42 inches above
the floor.
(ii) Gates or bars protecting the entrances to hoistways shall be equipped
with a latching device.
(3) Overhead protective covering of 2inch planking, 3⁄4-inch plywood, or
other solid material of equivalent
strength, shall be provided on the top
of every material hoist cage or platform.
(4) The operator’s station of a hoisting machine shall be provided with
overhead protection equivalent to tight
planking not less than 2 inches thick.
The support for the overhead protection shall be of equal strength.
(5) Hoist towers may be used with or
without an enclosure on all sides. However, whichever alternative is chosen,
the following applicable conditions
shall be met:
(i) When a hoist tower is enclosed, it
shall be enclosed on all sides for its entire height with a screen enclosure of

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
1⁄2-inch mesh, No. 18 U.S. gauge wire or
equivalent, except for landing access.
(ii) When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall
be totally enclosed (caged) on all sides
for the full height between the floor
and the overhead protective covering
with 1⁄2-inch mesh of No. 14 U.S. gauge
wire or equivalent. The hoist platform
enclosure shall include the required
gates for loading and unloading. A 6foot high enclosure shall be provided
on the unused sides of the hoist tower
at ground level.
(6) Car arresting devices shall be installed to function in case of rope failure.
(7) All material hoist towers shall be
designed by a licensed professional engineer.
(8) All material hoists shall conform
to the requirements of ANSI A10.5–1969,
Safety Requirements for Material
Hoists.
(c) Personnel hoists. (1) Hoist towers
outside the structure shall be enclosed
for the full height on the side or sides
used for entrance and exit to the structure. At the lowest landing, the enclosure on the sides not used for exit or
entrance to the structure shall be enclosed to a height of at least 10 feet.
Other sides of the tower adjacent to
floors or scaffold platforms shall be enclosed to a height of 10 feet above the
level of such floors or scaffolds.
(2) Towers inside of structures shall
be enclosed on all four sides throughout the full height.
(3) Towers shall be anchored to the
structure at intervals not exceeding 25
feet. In addition to tie-ins, a series of
guys shall be installed. Where tie-ins
are not practical the tower shall be anchored by means of guys made of wire
rope at least one-half inch in diameter,
securely fastened to anchorage to ensure stability.
(4) Hoistway doors or gates shall be
not less than 6 feet 6 inches high and
shall be provided with mechanical
locks which cannot be operated from
the landing side, and shall be accessible only to persons on the car.
(5) Cars shall be permanently enclosed on all sides and the top, except
sides used for entrance and exit which
have car gates or doors.

§ 1926.552

(6) A door or gate shall be provided at
each entrance to the car which shall
protect the full width and height of the
car entrance opening.
(7) Overhead protective covering of 2inch planking, 3⁄4-inch plywood or other
solid material or equivalent strength
shall be provided on the top of every
personnel hoist.
(8) Doors or gates shall be provided
with electric contacts which do not
allow movement of the hoist when door
or gate is open.
(9) Safeties shall be capable of stopping and holding the car and rated load
when traveling at governor tripping
speed.
(10) Cars shall be provided with a capacity and data plate secured in a conspicuous place on the car or crosshead.
(11) Internal combustion engines
shall not be permitted for direct drive.
(12) Normal and final terminal stopping devices shall be provided.
(13) An emergency stop switch shall
be provided in the car and marked
‘‘Stop.’’
(14) Ropes: (i) The minimum number
of hoisting ropes used shall be three for
traction hoists and two for drum-type
hoists.
(ii) The minimum diameter of hoisting and counterweight wire ropes shall
be 1⁄2-inch.
(iii) Safety factors:
MINIMUM FACTORS OF SAFETY FOR SUSPENSION
WIRE ROPES
Minimum
factor of
safety

Rope speed in feet per minute
50 .........................................................................
75 .........................................................................
100 .......................................................................
125 .......................................................................
150 .......................................................................
175 .......................................................................
200 .......................................................................
225 .......................................................................
250 .......................................................................
300 .......................................................................
350 .......................................................................
400 .......................................................................
450 .......................................................................
500 .......................................................................
550 .......................................................................
600 .......................................................................

(15) Following assembly and erection
of hoists, and before being put in service, an inspection and test of all functions and safety devices shall be made
under the supervision of a competent

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§ 1926.553

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–10 Edition)

person. A similar inspection and test is
required following major alteration of
an existing installation. All hoists
shall be inspected and tested at not
more than 3-month intervals. The employer shall prepare a certification
record which includes the date the inspection and test of all functions and
safety devices was performed; the signature of the person who performed the
inspection and test; and a serial number, or other identifier, for the hoist
that was inspected and tested. The
most recent certification record shall
be maintained on file.
(16) All personnel hoists used by employees shall be constructed of materials and components which meet the
specifications for materials, construction, safety devices, assembly, and
structural integrity as stated in the
American National Standard A10.4–
1963, Safety Requirements for Workmen’s Hoists. The requirements of this
paragraph (c)(16) do not apply to cantilever type personnel hoists.
(17) (i) Personnel hoists used in
bridge tower construction shall be approved by a registered professional engineer and erected under the supervision of a qualified engineer competent in this field.
(ii) When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall
be totally enclosed (caged) on all sides
for the full height between the floor
and the overhead protective covering
with 3⁄4-inch mesh of No. 14 U.S. gauge
wire or equivalent. The hoist platform
enclosure shall include the required
gates for loading and unloading.
(iii) These hoists shall be inspected
and maintained on a weekly basis.
Whenever the hoisting equipment is exposed to winds exceeding 35 miles per
hour it shall be inspected and put in
operable condition before reuse.
(iv) Wire rope shall be taken out of
service when any of the following conditions exist:
(a) In running ropes, six randomly
distributed broken wires in one lay or
three broken wires in one strand in one
lay;
(b) Wear of one-third the original diameter of outside individual wires.
Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any
other damage resulting in distortion of
the rope structure;

(c) Evidence of any heat damage from
any cause;
(d) Reductions from nominal diameter of more than three-sixty-fourths
inch for diameters to and including
three-fourths inch, one-sixteenth inch
for diameters seven-eights inch to 11⁄8
inches inclusive, three-thirty-seconds
inch for diameters 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 inches inclusive;
(e) In standing ropes, more than two
broken wires in one lay in sections beyond end connections or more than one
broken wire at an end connection.
(d) Permanent elevators under the
care and custody of the employer and
used by employees for work covered by
this Act shall comply with the requirements of American National Standards
Institute A17.1–1965 with addenda
A17.1a–1967, A17.1b–1968, A17.1c–1969,
A17.1d–1970, and inspected in accordance with A17.2–1960 with addenda
A17.2a–1965, A17.2b–1967.
[44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6,
1979, as amended at 52 FR 36382, Sept. 28,
1987]

§ 1926.553

Base-mounted drum hoists.

(a) General requirements. (1) Exposed
moving parts such as gears, projecting
screws, setscrews, chain, cables, chain
sprockets, and reciprocating or rotating parts, which constitute a hazard,
shall be guarded.
(2) All controls used during the normal operation cycle shall be located
within easy reach of the operator’s station.
(3) Electric motor operated hoists
shall be provided with:
(i) A device to disconnect all motors
from the line upon power failure and
not permit any motor to be restarted
until the controller handle is brought
to the ‘‘off’’ position;
(ii) Where applicable, an overspeed
preventive device;
(iii) A means whereby remotely operated hoists stop when any control is ineffective.
(4) All base-mounted drum hoists in
use shall meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, installation, testing, inspection, maintenance, and operations, as prescribed by
the manufacturer.
(b) Specific requirements. [Reserved]

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