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APPENDIX A: The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968…………………………1
APPENDIX B: Draft White Paper #2 – NCRP Reporting…………...……………………………….6
APPENDIX C: White Paper #3 – A Description of Computing Code Used to Identify
Correctional Terms and Histories………………………………..…………………28
APPENDIX D: Example of state corrections fact sheet…………………………………...…...……55
APPENDIX E: NCRP 2012 data collection protocol and interview guide for
new or lapsed states……………………………………….………………………..62
APPENDIX F: NCRP 2012 data collection protocol and interview guide for
currently contributing states……………………………………….…..……….…..66
APPENDIX G: NCRP 2012 data request letter from BJS...………………………………………...69
APPENDIX H: NCRP 2012 data request letter from data collection agent.………………………...71
APPENDIX I: NCRP Newsletter sent to respondents, January 2012…………………………....….73
APPENDIX J: NCRP 2012 data request for previously submitting states……………………...…..76
APPENDIX K: NCRP 2012 data request for new and lapsed states……………..…………..……231
APPENDIX L: Post-submission data review emails from 8 states (data year 2011)…….…….…286
APPENDIX A:
The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
1
DERIVATION
Title I
THE OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND SAFE STREETS ACT OF 1968
(Public Law 90-351)
42 U.S.C. § 3711, et seq.
AN ACT to assist State and local governments in reducing the incidence of crime, to increase the effectiveness,
fairness, and coordination of law enforcement and criminal justice systems at all levels of government, and for other
purposes.
As Amended By
THE OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL ACT OF 1970
(Public Law 91-644)
THE CRIME CONTROL ACT OF 1973
(Public Law 93-83)
THE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION ACT OF 1974
(Public Law 93-415)
THE PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICERS’ BENEFITS ACT OF 1976
(Public Law 94-430)
THE CRIME CONTROL ACT OF 1976
(Public Law 94-503)
THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1979
(Public Law 96-157)
THE JUSTICE ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1984
(Public Law 98-473)
STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1986
(Public Law 99-570-Subtitle K)
THE ANTI-DRUG ABUSE ACT OF 1988
TITLE VI, SUBTITLE C - STATE AND LOCAL NARCOTICS CONTROL
AND JUSTICE ASSISTANCE IMPROVEMENTS
(Public Law 100-690)
THE CRIME CONTROL ACT OF 1990
(Public Law 101-647)
BRADY HANDGUN VIOLENCE PROTECTION ACT
(Public Law 103-159)
VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1994
(Public Law 103-322)
NATIONAL CHILD PROTECTION ACT OF 1993, AS AMENDED
(Public Law 103-209)
and
CRIME IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY ACT OF 1998
(Public Law 105-251)
2
BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS
CHAPTER 46 - SUBCHAPTER III
[TITLE I - PART C]
42 USC § 3731
[Sec. 301.] Statement of purpose
It is the purpose of this subchapter [part] to provide for and encourage the collection and analysis of
statistical information concerning crime, juvenile delinquency, and the operation of the criminal justice
system and related aspects of the civil justice system and to support the development of information and
statistical systems at the Federal, State, and local levels to improve the efforts of these levels of government
to measure and understand the levels of crime, juvenile delinquency, and the operation of the criminal
justice system and related aspects of the civil justice system. The Bureau shall utilize to the maximum
extent feasible State governmental organizations and facilities responsible for the collection and analysis of
criminal justice data and statistics. In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter [part], the Bureau shall
give primary emphasis to the problems of State and local justice systems.
42 USC § 3732
[Sec. 302.] Bureau of Justice Statistics
(a) Establishment. There is established within the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the
Attorney General, a Bureau of Justice Statistics (hereinafter referred to in this subchapter [part] as
“Bureau”).
(b) Appointment of Director; experience; authority; restrictions. The Bureau shall be headed by a Director
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director shall have had
experience in statistical programs. The Director shall have final authority for all grants, cooperative
agreements, and contracts awarded by the Bureau. The Director shall report to the Attorney General
through the Assistant Attorney General. The Director shall not engage in any other employment than that
of serving as Director; nor shall the Director hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization,
agency, or institution with which the Bureau makes any contract or other arrangement under this Act.
(c) Duties and functions of Bureau. The Bureau is authorized to–
(1) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with public agencies,
institutions of higher education, private organizations, or private individuals for purposes related
to this subchapter [part]; grants shall be made subject to continuing compliance with standards for
gathering justice statistics set forth in rules and regulations promulgated by the Director;
(2) collect and analyze information concerning criminal victimization, including crimes against the
elderly, and civil disputes;
(3) collect and analyze data that will serve as a continuous and comparable national social
indication of the prevalence, incidence, rates, extent, distribution, and attributes of crime, juvenile
delinquency, civil disputes, and other statistical factors related to crime, civil disputes, and
juvenile delinquency, in support of national, State, and local justice policy and decision making;
(4) collect and analyze statistical information, concerning the operations of the criminal justice
system at the Federal, State, and local levels;
(5) collect and analyze statistical information concerning the prevalence, incidence, rates, extent,
distribution, and attributes of crime, and juvenile delinquency, at the Federal, State, and local
levels;
(6) analyze the correlates of crime, civil disputes and juvenile delinquency, by the use of statistical
information, about criminal and civil justice systems at the Federal, State, and local levels, and
about the extent, distribution and attributes of crime, and juvenile delinquency, in the Nation and
at the Federal, State, and local levels;
(7) compile, collate, analyze, publish, and disseminate uniform national statistics concerning all
aspects of criminal justice and related aspects of civil justice, crime, including crimes against the
elderly, juvenile delinquency, criminal offenders, juvenile delinquents, and civil disputes in the
various States;
3
(8) recommend national standards for justice statistics and for insuring the reliability and validity
of justice statistics supplied pursuant to this chapter [title];
(9) maintain liaison with the judicial branches of the Federal and State Governments in matters
relating to justice statistics, and cooperate with the judicial branch in assuring as much uniformity
as feasible in statistical systems of the executive and judicial branches;
(10) provide information to the President, the Congress, the judiciary, State and local
governments, and the general public on justice statistics;
(11) establish or assist in the establishment of a system to provide State and local governments
with access to Federal informational resources useful in the planning, implementation, and
evaluation of programs under this Act;
(12) conduct or support research relating to methods of gathering or analyzing justice statistics;
(13) provide for the development of justice information systems programs and assistance to the
States and units of local government relating to collection, analysis, or dissemination of justice
statistics;
(14) develop and maintain a data processing capability to support the collection, aggregation,
analysis and dissemination of information on the incidence of crime and the operation of the
criminal justice system;
(15) collect, analyze and disseminate comprehensive Federal justice transaction statistics
(including statistics on issues of Federal justice interest such as public fraud and high technology
crime) and to provide technical assistance to and work jointly with other Federal agencies to
improve the availability and quality of Federal justice data;
(16) provide for the collection, compilation, analysis, publication and dissemination of
information and statistics about the prevalence, incidence, rates, extent, distribution and attributes
of drug offenses, drug related offenses and drug dependent offenders and further provide for the
establishment of a national clearinghouse to maintain and update a comprehensive and timely data
base on all criminal justice aspects of the drug crisis and to disseminate such information;
(17) provide for the collection, analysis, dissemination and publication of statistics on the
condition and progress of drug control activities at the Federal, State and local levels with
particular attention to programs and intervention efforts demonstrated to be of value in the overall
national anti- drug strategy and to provide for the establishment of a national clearinghouse for the
gathering of data generated by Federal, State, and local criminal justice agencies on their drug
enforcement activities;
(18) provide for the development and enhancement of State and local criminal justice information
systems, and the standardization of data reporting relating to the collection, analysis or
dissemination of data and statistics about drug offenses, drug related offenses, or drug dependent
offenders;
(19) provide for research and improvements in the accuracy, completeness, and inclusiveness of
criminal history record information, information systems, arrest warrant, and stolen vehicle record
information and information systems and support research concerning the accuracy, completeness,
and inclusiveness of other criminal justice record information;
(20) maintain liaison with State and local governments and governments of other nations
concerning justice statistics;
(21) cooperate in and participate with national and international organizations in the development
of uniform justice statistics;
(22) ensure conformance with security and privacy requirement of section 3789g of this title and
identify, analyze, and participate in the development and implementation of privacy, security and
information policies which impact on Federal and State criminal justice operations and related
statistical activities; and
4
(23) exercise the powers and functions set out in subchapter VIII [part H] of this chapter [title].
(d) Justice statistical collection, analysis, and dissemination. To insure that all justice statistical collection,
analysis, and dissemination is carried out in a coordinated manner, the Director is authorized to–
(1) utilize, with their consent, the services, equipment, records, personnel, information, and
facilities of other Federal, State, local, and private agencies and instrumentalities with or without
reimbursement therefore, and to enter into agreements with such agencies and instrumentalities for
purposes of data collection and analysis;
(2) confer and cooperate with State, municipal, and other local agencies;
(3) request such information, data, and reports from any Federal agency as may be required to
carry out the purposes of this chapter [title];
(4) seek the cooperation of the judicial branch of the Federal Government in gathering data from
criminal justice records; and
(5) encourage replication, coordination and sharing among justice agencies regarding information
systems, information policy, and data.
(e) Furnishing of information, data, or reports by Federal agencies. Federal agencies requested to furnish
information, data, or reports pursuant to subsection (d)(3) of this section shall provide such information to
the Bureau as is required to carry out the purposes of this section.
(f) Consultation with representatives of State and local government and judiciary. In recommending
standards for gathering justice statistics under this section, the Director shall consult with representatives of
State and local government, including, where appropriate, representatives of the judiciary.
42 USC § 3733
[Sec. 303.] Authority for 100 per centum grants
A grant authorized under this subchapter [part] may be up to 100 per centum of the total cost of each
project for which such grant is made. The Bureau shall require, whenever feasible as a condition of
approval of a grant under this subchapter [part], that the recipient contribute money, facilities, or services to
carry out the purposes for which the grant is sought.
42 USC § 3735
[Sec. 304.] Use of data
Data collected by the Bureau shall be used only for statistical or research purposes, and shall be gathered in
a manner that precludes their use for law enforcement or any purpose relating to a particular individual
other than statistical or research purposes.
5
APPENDIX B:
Draft White Paper #2 – NCRP Reporting
6
National
Corrections
Reporting Program
(NCRP) White
Paper Series
White Paper #2:
NCRP Reporting
November 22, 2011
Prepared by:
William Rhodes, Principal
Investigator
Gerald Gaes, Principal
Investigator
Tom Rich, Project Director
Yuli Almozlino
Mica Astion
Christina Dyous
Ryan Kling
Jeremy Luallen
Kevin Neary
Michael Shively
Abt Associates Inc.
55 Wheeler Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
This project was supported by Grant No. 2010-BJ-CX-K067 awarded by the Bureau of Justice
Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document
are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of
Justice. This copy is not to be disseminated or cited.
T
7
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
This white paper is one in a series of white papers produced by Abt Associates Inc for the NCRP
project. The first white paper, titled Observations on the NCRP, focused on Abt Associates’
recommendations for improving the quality of National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) data.
In particular, the Observations on the NCRP white paper introduced the concept of term and history
records; described how we construct term records from the NCRP A (admission), B (release), and D
(custody) records; and explained how we address inconsistencies in the A, B, and D records.
This second white paper illustrates how the term and history records can be used to help answer some
questions of interest to policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. The illustrations are not
comprehensive. Rather, our goal is to stimulate discussion with BJS that will lead to other
applications of term and history records. As others make suggestions, those suggestions will be
integrated into computing routines and into this white paper.
We begin the discussion below by reviewing basic concepts and definitions. A second section
presents some basic tabulations on admissions and releases that are derived from the term records.
We then discuss some more advanced analyses on time served and recidivism using the history
records.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 1
8
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Basic Concepts and Definitions
During the last several months, the Abt team has been working with A, B and D records to build an
analysis file comprising term records and history records. Defining these records requires defining
an observation period:
An observation period spans the time between December 31 of the first year when we observe D
records and December 31 of the last year when we observe D records. This definition assumes that
we observed A and B records between these bracketing dates.1
We define a term record:
A term record is an augmented B record that pertains to each term that an offender spends in
prison during the observation period.2 Some offenders enter prison during the observation
period and are in prison as of the end of the observation period. In this case the term record
has a mock release date that is later than the end of the observation period. Some other
offenders serve terms that began before the observation period and ended after the
observation period. In this case the term record has an actual admission date and a mock
release date. For all other offenders, the term ended during the observation period so we
observe both the admission and release dates.3
We define a history record:
A history comprises all the term records during the observation period for a single offender
within a state. The file wherein each case represents a term captures exactly the same
information as the file wherein each case represents a history. The term file is merely
reorganized into the history file to facilitate tabulation.4
As discussed in the earlier white paper, the term record replaces A, B and D records. We think of the
A, B and D records as raw data. The term record reflects considerable diagnostic testing, corrections,
and imputations based on these raw data. The process of assembling the term records is discussed in
a companion white paper and in technical documentation. We anticipate that few users would want to
1
We specify December 31 because this is the date for which most states provide census (D) records. The
date is not crucial, however. In some states we have B records that end before the first census records and
we have some A records that start after the last census records. We discard those specific A and B records
because (1) we lack diagnostic tests prior to and after the observation period, and (2) we lack the ability to
impute A and B records for offenders who were always incarcerated between the first and last census
records. One solution is to acquire census records for missing years.
2
For making prison projections, one would want to predict the release date. This white paper will discuss
predictions, but predictions are unnecessary for most tables and figures appearing in this white paper.
3
This abstracts from the fact that the dates are sometimes missing. In some states missing admission and
release dates occur with enough frequency to affect statistics. When tabulations are affected, the programs
used for file assembly use imputations based on the D records.
4
A simple program converts the term file into a history file. Without loss of generality, one could think of
the analysis file as being the term file.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 2
9
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
work with the raw A, B and D records. 5 When put into the form of a history file, the term records
supports a study of recidivism, and therefore, the history file becomes a substitute for C records that
may be otherwise unavailable.
We need to develop table shells and figures to report results. This white paper suggests some
tables/figures and demonstrates these analyses with data from Iowa. The illustrations are not
publication quality. Tables and figures are available for other states, but are not part of this white
paper with one exception: a few inter-state comparisons for time served are discussed.
Basic Tabulations6
The term records allow us to construct basic tabulations that would otherwise have been based on A,
B and D records.
We can construct a smoothed history of admissions. For now, assume that we would plot
admissions on a daily basis and then use a smoothing device to show trends. This can be
supplemented with actual numbers.
Similarly, we can construct a smoothed history of releases.
We can combine a smoothed history of admissions minus releases.
Finally, we can provide a smoothed history of prison populations.
The four figures described above can also be produced for subsets of the population. For example,
BJS may want to see breakdowns by offense type, sex, and race/ethnicity. 7 Graphs are simple to
construct, although it may be more informative to show statistical trends.
We can tabulate cumulative admissions as a function of time (days in Figure 1). The horizontal axis
shows days starting on 1/1/2002 and ending on 12/31/2010. The vertical lines overlaid on the figure
demark the date December 31 for each year. The vertical axis reports cumulative admissions. The
5
No information is lost by collapsing A, B, and D records into terms. Analysts who are willing to accept our
diagnostic tests, corrections and imputations would have no need for A, B and D records. But it is
important to note that for analysts who are unwilling to accept our diagnostic tests, corrections and
imputations would have to be performed on their own prior to using the raw data. We assume that few
analysts would want to go to that trouble.
6
All analysis was done with Stata. The program tab1.do will perform the analysis reported immediately
below. The analyst may want to make minor changes, such as selecting subgroups for analysis.
7
We discourage stratification by type of admissions and type of release. These details may be accurate in
some states, but they appear unreliable in most. There are two problems. It seems likely that prison
authorities (or, at least, those who enter data into data systems) are unaware of admission type. Or, if
admission type is recorded accurately, the type may have little meaning. As an illustration, some offenders
may be revoked for a technical violation of the conditions of supervision, while other offenders may be
resentenced following a technical violation of the conditions of supervision. Both administrative actions
have the same consequences, but the former implies relatively high revocation rates compared with the
latter.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 3
10
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
figure implies a fairly constant growth in admissions, but this is deceptive. Reports from a regression
appear just below the figure.
The regression models cumulative admissions as a function of the start of the term. The independent
variables are the start of the term, the square of the start of the term, and the cube of the start of the
term. The regression results suggest that admissions were increasing at an increasing rate for 3.6
years. Afterward they were increasing, but at a decreasing rate. A second observation is that the root
mean-squared error (Root MSE) is 163. This implies that on any day, the cumulative number of
admissions may be ±319 inmates about this polynomial.
Granted, the figure is not especially enlightening for Iowa because the rate of admissions is
essentially constant over time, but this may not be true in other states. Therefore, showing the ability
to graph admissions as a function of time is important for demonstrating the utility of the NCRP.
Furthermore, graphing admissions is an important diagnostic tool. Observing a break in the series
would trigger an investigation to determine if the break is real or is an artifact due to data quality
issues.
Figure 1
0
cumulative admissions
20000
40000
60000
Admissions over Time
Iowa
365
730
1095 1460 1825 2190 2555
days from 1/1/2002 to 12/31/2010
2920
3285
vertical lines denote years
SS
Source
df
MS
Model
Residual
9.3182e+12
3
1.2852e+09 48175
3.1061e+12
26677.2826
Total
9.3195e+12 48178
193438685
admission
Coef.
start_term
start_term~q
start_term~u
_cons
14.11626
.0009127
-2.30e-07
206.7729
Abt Associates Inc.
Std. Err.
.0078487
5.58e-06
1.12e-09
2.951317
t
1798.56
163.48
-204.89
70.06
Number of obs
F( 3, 48175)
Prob > F
R-squared
Adj R-squared
Root MSE
P>|t|
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
=
=
=
=
=
=
48179
.
0.0000
0.9999
0.9999
163.33
[95% Conf. Interval]
14.10088
.0009017
-2.32e-07
200.9883
14.13165
.0009236
-2.28e-07
212.5576
pg. 4
11
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
We can perform the same exercise with releases. For the same reason as was indicated above,
releases appear to occur at a fairly constant rate over time, but a polynomial regression provides more
insight. Consistent with the pattern seen for admissions, releases increase at an increasing rate for
about 4.1 years, and they increase at a decreasing rate thereafter.
Figure 2
0
cumulative releases
20000
40000
60000
Releases over Time
365
730
1095 1460 1825 2190 2555
days from 1/1/2002 to 12/31/2010
2920
3285
vertical lines denote years
Source
SS
df
MS
Model
Residual
8.4087e+12
3
1.3996e+09 46554
2.8029e+12
30064.3074
Total
8.4101e+12 46557
180641160
releases
Coef.
end_term
end_term_sq
end_term_cu
_cons
12.92383
.0015025
-3.36e-07
191.5703
Std. Err.
.0085234
6.06e-06
1.22e-09
3.23771
t
1516.28
248.11
-274.63
59.17
Number of obs
F( 3, 46554)
Prob > F
R-squared
Adj R-squared
Root MSE
P>|t|
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
=
=
=
=
=
=
46558
.
0.0000
0.9998
0.9998
173.39
[95% Conf. Interval]
12.90712
.0014906
-3.38e-07
185.2243
12.94053
.0015143
-3.33e-07
197.9163
We can see these results in a different way by plotting the cumulative number of admissions minus
departures. After adding the prison stock to the beginning of this figure (rather than starting the
figure at zero) we have a day-by-day tabulation of the stock. Among other things, we note that the
stock of prisoners fluctuates over time. Consequently, year-by-year comparisons based only on a
December 31 date tell only part of the story and may be misleading.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 5
12
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 3
8000
prison populations
8200 8400 8600 8800
9000
Admissions minus Departures over Time
Iowa
365
730
1095 1460 1825 2190 2555
days from 1/1/2002 to 12/31/2010
2920
3285
vertical lines denote years
There is no problem with producing the same figures by groups of the offender population. The next
figure shows admissions minus departures for women. There is some potential story telling here.
There is a sharp drop in the prison population for women toward the middle of the time series, which
does not occur for men. Perhaps there was an issue with overcrowding for women that causes early
release for many women. There appears to be a sharp decrease for men and women toward the end of
the time series. Again, we would not necessarily see these patterns if we used prevalence estimates
from December 31 of each year.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 6
13
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 4
0
prison populations
50
100
150
200
Admissions minus Departures over Time
Iowa
Women
365
730
1095 1460 1825 2190 2555
days from 1/1/2002 to 12/31/2010
2920
3285
vertical lines denote years
Figure 5
0
prison populations
200
400
600
800
1000
Admissions minus Departures over Time
Iowa
Men
365
730
1095 1460 1825 2190 2555
days from 1/1/2002 to 12/31/2010
2920
3285
vertical lines denote years
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 7
14
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Tabulations based on History Records8
We derive history records by combining term records for the same offender. The history records
provide the means to construct some unusual, informative tables and statistics. These tables/statistics
are most informative when we have a lengthy observation period.
Distribution of Time Spent In Prison
One table of interest is the distribution of time spent in prison conditional on spending some time in
prison. This seems like an interesting policy concern, and many researchers have used NCRP data to
investigate the burden that prison places on subgroups of the general population. The burden would
seem to be very different if many people spent a short time while few spent a long time than it would
be if a few people spent a short time while many spent a long time.
Although there are exceptions, most offenders will not enter prison before they are eighteen.
Therefore, we limit the tabulation to offenders who were eighteen or older at the beginning of the
observation period.
The first graph shows the distribution of time spent in Iowa prisons by all offenders who spent some
time in Iowa prisons during the observation period. The figure shows that most offenders spend a
small proportion of the period in prison while a few offenders spend a large proportion of the period
in prison. A relatively small number spent the entire period in prison. The table below the figure
makes the same point. According to the table, the average offender who spent any time in prison
spent about one-quarter of the period in prison.
The previous version of the NCRP could not readily answer these questions because the previous
version of the NCRP did not link term records over time for the same individual. In theory a
researcher could have performed this linking, but that researcher would have confronted difficult
reliability and validity issue. The new-NCRP solves those reliability and validity issues allowing
researcher to do what they do best: answer research questions. Undoubtedly, researchers will find
other ways to pose and answer the burden question.
8
The program tab2.do will perform this analysis.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 8
15
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 6
0
1
Density
2
3
4
Proportion of Period in Prison
Iowa
0
.2
.4
.6
.8
proportion of time from 1/1/2002 to 12/31/2010
1
total_time
1%
5%
10%
25%
50%
75%
90%
95%
99%
Percentiles
.0027389
.0127815
.026476
.0629945
Smallest
.0003043
.0003043
.0003043
.0003043
.1466829
.3128863
.5781143
.7884967
1
Largest
1
1
1
1
Obs
Sum of Wgt.
33916
33916
Mean
Std. Dev.
.2318666
.2393428
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
.057285
1.62506
5.151247
A second figure and table tell a similar story. The figure represents the total demands on Iowa
prisons, measured in prisoner-years. The data are sorted so that the high-use offenders appear first on
the horizontal axis and the low-use offenders appear last. The table shows the proportional use
attributable to offenders. Looking at high-use offenders, five percent of the offenders account for
nearly twenty-one percent of prison time. Twenty five percent account for sixty-two percent of
prison time. Looking at low-use offenders, fifty percent use somewhat more than fifteen percent of
the prison space; twenty-five percent use less than four percent of the prison space.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 9
16
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 7
0
cumulative prison time in years
20000
40000
60000
80000
Offender Use of Prisons
Iowa
0
10000
20000
30000
offenders sorts from high use to low use
40000
temp3
1%
5%
10%
25%
50%
75%
90%
95%
99%
Percentiles
.0448743
.2077215
.3510392
.6223983
Smallest
.0001166
.0002331
.0003497
.0004662
.8552544
.9649356
.9941513
.9985633
.9999368
Largest
.9999999
1
1
1
Obs
Sum of Wgt.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
38409
38409
.7592452
.2539065
.0644685
-1.152889
3.383115
We can also produce similar tabulations after stratifying by factors of interest. As an illustration, the
following table is based on African-Americans. The patterns for African-Americans appear to be the
same as the pattern for all Iowa prisoners. One might conclude that conditional on ever serving
prison time, the burden of prisons is no greater for African-Americans than it is for whites. Of course
this is not to argue that the burden of prison is not greater on African-Americans in general.
1%
5%
10%
25%
Percentiles
.0394822
.1891025
.3301724
.606958
50%
.8501847
75%
90%
95%
99%
.9647852
.9943734
.9987492
.9999515
Abt Associates Inc.
Smallest
.0004935
.0009871
.0014806
.0019741
Largest
.9999996
.9999997
.9999999
1
Obs
Sum of Wgt.
Mean
Std. Dev.
Variance
Skewness
Kurtosis
7997
7997
.7520151
.2602225
.0677158
-1.108828
3.230171
pg. 10
17
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Repeated Exits and Admissions into Prison
What is the pattern of repeated exits and admissions into prison?9 This question is answerable using
the history file. If the NCRP provided reliable admission and release codes, and if the NCRP
provided more reliable C records, we could answer questions about recidivism while offenders were
under community supervision. Unfortunately, the NCRP does not provide reliable admission codes,
release codes, or C records. Nevertheless, in states where offenders are routinely released to
community supervision, an analysis of recidivism is informative about outcomes while under
supervision for short periods of time, so a study of recidivism is a proxy study for failure on
community supervision.
This is similar to a traditional survival time problem. One problem is that that when we dealt with the
ABB problem we sometimes imputed a pattern of AB […] AB where […] implies a period
at liberty. We may eventually want to treat these imputations as special cases and exclude them from
the analysis, but the current analysis makes no special provisions. The likely bias is that we would
see more prison returns, and they would happen sooner, than happens in reality. However, deleting
these imputed cases would introduce a bias in the opposite direction. This is a problem for future
consideration.
There are limitations. The outcome measure is returning to prison, and in the NCRP prison use is
reported differently across the states. For example, some states have integrated correctional systems,
so returning to prison means jail or prison. In contrast, in other states NCRP excludes jails, so
recidivism is defined literally as a return to prison. Furthermore, the time from when an offense
occurred (marked by an arrest) and incarceration often has delays. Some delays are attributable to the
pace of criminal justice administration, and some others are attributable to waits in jail for prison
space to become available. Finally, in this analysis recidivism means returning to prison in the same
state. Some offenders commit new crimes outside the state, but even when this happens, the
revocation process often returns them to the state in the NCRP data.
Putting these limitations aside, the first figure shows the probability of returning to prison stratified
by sex (male = 1 and female = 2). As Figure 8 shows, men are somewhat more likely to recidivate.
The probability of eventual recidivism is near 0.5, but this probability slightly overstates the
probability of recidivism.
Figure 9 shows the hazard function for returning to prison. The hazard declines over most of the
follow-up period. This is a typical shape for a hazard representing recidivism, because the worse
risks are identified early and returned to prison.
9
Tab3.do produces the figures.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 11
18
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 8
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Cumulative Probability of Returning to Prison
Iowa
0
2
4
6
analysis time in year
sex = 1
8
10
8
10
sex = 2
Figure 9
0
.05
.1
.15
.2
.25
Hazard of Returning to Prison
Iowa
0
2
4
6
analysis time in years
sex = 1
Abt Associates Inc.
sex = 2
pg. 12
19
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
There appears to be an inconsistency among findings. A few offenders account for a large proportion
of prison time, yet recidivism is high. Given that recidivism is likely, why do we not find that a large
proportion of offenders spend a large proportion of time in prison?
There are several explanations, but one is that a small number of offenders enter the recidivism
analysis multiple times. They inflate the recidivism statistics because they necessarily fail quickly.
An alternative approach to the recidivism analysis would be to assign sampling weights so that an
offender who appears three times in the recidivism analysis would receive a weight of 1/3 and an
offender who appears once in the recidivism analysis would receive a weight of 1. We leave this to
future development.
Changes in Recidivism
An interesting question is whether recidivism has increased or decreased over time. Given the
introduction of evidence-based practices into community corrections, we would hope that recidivism
has fallen, but this is an empirical question. To answer this question for Iowa, we estimated a Cox
proportional hazard model. The explanatory variables are:
end_term
Basically this is the date when the offender ended his prison term and hence the date
when he was first at risk of recidivism. However, to facilitate interpretation, we
scaled this variable so that it was 0 at the earliest observed date (January 1, 2002) and
1 at the latest observed date (December 31, 2010). Hence this variable ranged from 0
to 1.
end_term_sq
This is the square of end_term. Adding the square to the model allows us to test for
non-linear trends.
use_age
This is the offender’s age in years. Age was recorded at the time that the offender
exited from prison.
use_age_sq
This is the square of the offender’s age.
black
This indicates that the offender was an African-American.
other_race
This indicates that the offender was a member of another minority group.
male
This indicates that the offender was male.
Results appear in the table. The relative hazard ratio is reported as Haz. Ratio. When the relative
hazard is greater than 1, we infer that a variable is associated with increased recidivism. When the
relative hazard is less than 1, we infer that a variable is associated with reduced recidivism.
Interpretation is straightforward for binary variables: African-Americans and members of other
minority groups have higher recidivism rates. Men have recidivism rates that are higher than the
recidivism rates for women. Interpretation is less straightforward for variables measured on a
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 13
20
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
continuous scale and especially for variables that enter as powers (age-squared and end_termsquared).10 Age does not seem to matter much according to a casual examination of the statistics, but
in fact it is highly significant when we apply a joint test, and we conclude that recidivism always
decreases with age.
For present purposes, the most important variables are end_term and end_term-squared because these
indicate whether recidivism is increasing or decreasing over time. Some calculus shows that
recidivism rates increase for the first 3.5 years and then decrease thereafter. On January 1, 2002 the
relative hazard is fixed at 1. (This follows because end_term is 0 at the earliest date.) Near June 30,
2005 the hazard is estimated as 1.17. On December 31, 2010 it is estimated as 0.79. Recidivism rates
are lower at the end of 2010 than they were at the beginning of 2002. Changes in recidivism rates are
coincident with changes in admissions, which were identified earlier.
Cox regression -- Breslow method for ties
No. of subjects =
No. of failures =
Time at risk
=
51206
22253
147385.303
Log likelihood
-231305.03
=
_t
Haz. Ratio
end_term
end_term_sq
male
black
other_race
use_age
use_age_sq
2.255544
.3516674
1.193361
1.390883
1.167705
.998541
.9998252
Std. Err.
.2273486
.0383207
.0255409
.0212748
.0519964
.0052891
.000074
z
8.07
-9.59
8.26
21.57
3.48
-0.28
-2.36
Number of obs
=
51206
LR chi2(7)
Prob > chi2
=
=
1030.16
0.0000
P>|z|
[95% Conf. Interval]
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.783
0.018
1.851203
.2840389
1.144338
1.349804
1.070115
.9882281
.9996802
2.748202
.4353979
1.244485
1.433213
1.274196
1.008961
.9999701
We could perform a more refined analysis of recidivism, but the intention is demonstration of
concept. The history file supports an analysis of criminal recidivism and, especially, provides a basis
for inferring how recidivism rates have varied over time. The figure shows the estimated survival
functions for offenders who began supervision in 2002 (the middle curve), June 2005 (the lowest
curve) and 2010 (the highest curve). Survival is the cumulative probability of not returning to prison.
The curve pertains to white men who are thirty-years-old. The figure has the advantage of
graphically depicting the improvement in recidivism rates over time.11
10
First, the Z-scores are not very useful. Statistical significance should be based on a joint test such as a
likelihood ratio test or a Wald test. Second, when the parameters have different signs, one cannot tell how
recidivism behaves over time without mathematical manipulation. The approach is to solve the derivative
of the quadratic. If the solution falls outside the range of acceptable values, the changes are monotonic.
Otherwise, the solution reflects a high point or low point.
11
It is poor statistical practice to depict a survival curve for offenders entering supervision at the end of 2010.
The entire curve is inferred because none of this follow-up period is observed. The figure is not welllabeled. We use it only to illustrate possibilities.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 14
21
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 10
Cox proportional hazards regression
.4
.6
Survival
.8
1
For years 2002, 2005 and 2010
0
2
4
6
analysis time in years
8
10
Top line is 2010, middle line is 2002 and lowest line in June 2005
Projections
BJS has expressed interest is projecting future prison populations. Projections have three
components. One component is to project the remaining time to be served by offenders who are in
prison on December 1, 2010. This is doable, but not demonstrated here. A second component is to
anticipate new arrivals. This is doable by inspecting a recent year or years to identify prisoners who
have never before served prison terms.12 The third part is to account for offenders who recidivate.
That is where the survival analysis enters the picture.
Therefore it is possible to simulate future prison populations using the NCRP data. As is true of all
simulations, one must assume that the near future is similar to the recent past.
Time Served
The term records can also be used to construct a picture of the amount of time an inmate serves in
prison over the period of the time series. We depict this in two ways. We show time served in days
for admission cohorts as well as release cohorts. For someone who has been released, we clearly
know their length of stay as long as there is not an error in the admission and release dates. For
12
According to the survival analysis, if an offender enters prison for the first time in 2009 or 2010, then that
is likely to be his first prison term. We infer this from the survival curve. We can adjust this inference
slightly to account for recidivism that occurs after a long period of quiescence.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 15
22
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
admission cohorts, there will be a subsample of inmates in any given year who were not released at
any time during the time series history. Of course, the longer the time series period and the earlier the
admission in the time series, the less likely there will be an admission without a release. For this
analysis, we have adopted a simplified imputation method for someone who has an admission and no
release. This is explained in greater detail in the previous white paper, “Observations on the NCRP.”
The algorithm looks for an admission without a release. It checks to see if there are D records. If
there is at least one, it takes the most recent D record date, December 31, XXXX (XXXX
corresponds to the year the last D record was found) and adds a uniform random proportion of 365
days to that date. If there is no D record, it takes the admission date and adds a uniform random
proportion of 30 days to the admission date. We will develop a more sophisticated method for this
imputation, but for now we demonstrate how the imputed release dates can be used to construct time
served over time.
In the first graph, we show the mean, median, and 75th percentile for inmates released from prisons in
Iowa each year from 2002 until 2009.
Figure 11
200
Time Served in Days
300
400
500
600
Time Served: Mean, Median & 75th Percentile -- Iowa Releases
2002
2004
Year
(p 50) time_served
(mean) time_served
2006
2008
(p 75) time_served
The mean time served over time tracks more closely to the 75th percentile than the 50th percentile
which is what we would expect for a distribution of time served with right tail skewness. For inmates
released from Iowa prisons, even those in the 75th percentile never exceed two years in prison.
Release cohorts are notoriously unreliable for observing trends in time served, since they are
composed of offenders who are admitted at many different points in time. In the next two sets of
slides we show trends in time served contrasting admission and release cohorts as well as comparing
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 16
23
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Iowa to several other states. The first graph compares time served over time for inmates released
from California, Iowa, Michigan, and North Carolina.
Figure 12
500 10001500
Iowa
Michigan
North Carolina
500 10001500
0
California
0
Time Served in Days
Time Served: Mean, Median & 75th Percentile -- Releases
2002
2004
2006
2008
2002
2004
2006
2008
Year
(p 50) time_served
(mean) time_served
(p 75) time_served
Graphs by state
For the release cohorts, time served shows a considerable amount of stability except for Michigan.
The next set of graphs for admissions cohorts shows a somewhat different picture. Mean time served
declines for Michigan and less so for California, Iowa, and North Carolina, but this could be an
artifact of our imputation for release dates. While the admission cohorts will be more accurate in
depicting changes in time served over time, they will necessarily be sensitive to imputations for time
served for prisoners who have not yet been released.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 17
24
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 13
500 10001500
Iowa
Michigan
North Carolina
500 10001500
0
California
0
Time Served in Days
Time Served: Mean, Median & 75th Percentile -- Admissions
2002
2004
2006
2008
2002
2004
2006
2008
Year
(p 50) time_served
(mean) time_served
(p 75) time_served
Graphs by state
Since all of the graphs use the same Y-axis scale, it is clear that, on average, at least at the beginning
of the period, Michigan had higher mean, median, and 75th percentile levels. However, we have to be
cautious in comparing average time served across states. States have different policies on where they
assign sentenced inmates with short sentences. A few states have a combined prison-jail system and
report admission and release dates for everyone when they make their NCRP submission. Other states
send inmates with a sentence of one year or less to local jails, and the submitting jurisdictions only
provide data on prison inmates. However, this threshold varies from 3 months to 2½ years. Some
time served comparisons may be less sensitive to these threshold issues such as those for offenders
sentenced for a violent crime and less likely to serve that sentence in a local jail. In Figure 14, we
show time served comparisons for inmates whose sentencing offense is violent (e.g. homicide,
robbery, assault, kidnapping).
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 18
25
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
Figure 14
0 1000 20003000
0 100020003000
Time Served in Days
Time Served: Mean, Median & 75th Percentile -- Violent Offfender Releases
2002
2004
California
Iowa
Michigan
North Carolina
2006
2008
2002
2004
2006
2008
Year
(p 50) time_served
(mean) time_served
(p 75) time_served
Graphs by state
Among these four states, Michigan has higher median and average time served over time than the
other three states. The average for Michigan is about 2,000 days (5.5 years) while for Iowa and North
Carolina, it is about 1,000 days (2.75 years) and for California the average is about 500 days. But
even these differences could be due to the composition of offense, criminal history, and types of
admissions in each state. For example, in California, a high proportion of admissions are for parole
revocations and these prison terms are typically shorter than those for new court admissions. We
have argued (footnote 7) that the admission codes are unreliable, and even if they were accurate, they
are ambiguous. Regardless of the type of admission, jurisdictions which house offenders for longer
periods of incarceration will confront different issues than those who house offenders with shorter
terms.
Comments
When put into the form of term and history files, the NCRP is able to answer many questions about
corrections across the United States. This white paper identifies only a few of these questions and
illustrates how the NCRP answers them using data from Iowa. There is nothing special about Iowa
except that it has consistently reported A, B, and D records since 2001.
Not all states have submitted NCRP records with a sufficiently long time-series to support useful
trend analysis. We are asking states to report retrospectively over a long period, so an increasing
number of states will be providing useful data. Some states have failed to report for one or more
years during an observation period, but we are hopeful of recovering those missing data. Otherwise,
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 19
26
National Corrections Reporting Program White Paper Series: NCRP Reporting (Draft)
we will develop imputation routines for missing years so that the NCRP can support justifiable trend
statistics.
Many of the tables presented here would be more informative if the statistics were stratified. As an
example, anyone concerned with correctional health care would want to understand trends in the age
composition of prisons. Making such adjustments is straightforward.
The tables presented in the white paper also suffer from cosmetic deficiencies. The intent is to
revamp computing programs to provide publication quality tables and figures that adhere to BJS
standards for titles, subtitles, and other formatting.
The tables and figures appearing in this white paper are illustrations of what the new NCRP can
provide. Some illustrations are novel. The novelty is dictated sometimes by the limitations to BJS
data (e.g., NCRP does not reliably distinguish between new admissions and revocations) and
sometimes by the strengths of the BJS data (e.g., NCRP links admissions and releases for individual
offenders over the observation period). For example, for the first time, NCRP is able to routinely
report on offenders’ cycling into and out of prison, providing a crude but reliable ongoing analysis of
recidivism. As another example, the concept of the “burden of prison” is another novel but useful
way to view correctional statistics.
Other tables and figures are more traditional. For example, we have reported flows (admission and
exits) and stocks (prison population), which are minimal statistics expected of the NCRP. Even when
the subject is traditional, however, the presentation has not been conventional. For example, we
know of no other running tabulations of prison stocks, despite the fact that the running tabulations
provide a very different view of stocks than do tabulations on prison populations on a standard date
(December 31).
Building tables and figures is an act of imagination, and the illustrations in this white paper only
begin to use that imagination. We anticipate that this white paper will stimulate conversation about
other ways of looking at NCRP data that exploit the term file structure. We consider this white paper
to be a dynamic draft in the sense that as Abt Associates and BJS refine their ideas about reporting
shells, those refinements will be built into updated versions of this white paper.
Finally, this white paper has not addressed a subject that interests BJS: developing a national roll-up
of correctional statistics. The view at Abt Associates is that the national roll-up requires reliable
state-level statistics augmented with imputations to account for states that do not report.
Consequently, we have placed our priority on first getting the state-level statistics correct, but we
have not lost sight of the goal of deriving a national roll-up.
Abt Associates Inc.
pg. 20
27
APPENDIX C:
White Paper #3 – A Description of Computing Code Used to
Identify Correctional Terms and Histories
28
National
Corrections
Reporting Program
(NCRP) White
Paper Series
White Paper #3: A
Description of
Computing Code
Used to Identify
Correctional Terms
and Histories
February 7, 2012
Prepared by:
Jeremy Luallen
Kevin Neary
William Rhodes, Principal
Investigator
Gerald Gaes, Principal
Investigator
Tom Rich, Project Director
Yuli Almozlino
Mica Astion
Ryan Kling
Michael Shively
Abt Associates Inc.
55 Wheeler Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
This project was supported by Grant No. 2010-BJ-CX-K067 awarded by the Bureau of Justice
Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are
those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of
Justice. This copy is not to be disseminated or cited.
29
Contents
1.
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1
2.
Building Term Histories ............................................................................................... 1
2.1
3.
4.
Establishing Individual Terms ............................................................................... 2
2.1.1
Correcting Inmate Identifiers .................................................................... 3
2.1.2
Records Created on the Same Day............................................................ 3
2.1.3
B Records with No Admission Date ......................................................... 3
2.1.4
More Than Two Consecutive B Records .................................................. 4
2.2
Categorizing Term Sequences ............................................................................... 4
2.3
Resolving Ambiguous Terms ................................................................................ 6
Refining Term Histories ............................................................................................. 10
3.1
Overlapping Terms .............................................................................................. 10
3.2
Admission Observed Last .................................................................................... 10
3.3
Release Observed First ........................................................................................ 11
3.4
Partially Unreported Terms ................................................................................. 12
3.5
An Alternative Imputation Strategy..................................................................... 13
Supplementing Term Histories .................................................................................. 13
4.1
4.2
Invisible Terms with D Records .......................................................................... 14
4.1.1
Only D Records....................................................................................... 14
4.1.2
Nested D Records ................................................................................... 15
4.1.3
Peripheral D Records .............................................................................. 17
Invisible Terms without D Records ..................................................................... 19
5.
Final Adjustments ....................................................................................................... 20
6.
Verifying Results − Replicating Prison Stocks ......................................................... 20
7.
Technical Notes ............................................................................................................ 21
8.
Quick Reference Guide ............................................................................................... 22
30
1. Introduction
Abt Associates, in collaboration with the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), has reoriented
the National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) with the goal of improving its
usefulness and reliability for describing and analyzing information about prison populations.
We have done this by transforming the NCRP from a year-by-year accounting of prison
admissions (A records), releases (B records), and prison stocks (D records) into inmate
prison terms. 1 For individual offenders with multiple prison terms, we link them
chronologically to assemble term histories. Thus, overall, for the period where states have
reported to the NCRP, we construct a comprehensive dataset of term histories within states.
This NCRP white paper provides technical documentation for constructing terms and term
histories. With this documentation, NCRP data users will have the ability to understand and
recreate, if desired, the construction of terms and term histories. 2 Thus, this paper provides
details of the algorithm we use to process, characterize, and validate terms of incarceration
from the prison admission and release records currently (and previously) reported to the
NCRP. In the sections that follow, we discuss (1) how we identify and tentatively classify
terms, (2) how we adjust and refine those tentative terms, (3) how we use D records to
supplement the datafile, and (4) how we incorporate other adjustments into the final NCRP
data.
We recommend that the reader review the second white paper (Observations on the NCRP)
before continuing. That white paper introduces notation and concepts used in this current
white paper. This current white paper revisits some of these concepts, albeit in greater detail.
2. Building Term Histories
The goal has been to reorient the NCRP from a year-by-year accounting of A, B and D
records into terms and term histories. In theory, constructing term histories requires little
more than linking chronologically ordered admission and release records. However, in
practice this process is more complex. To explain the difficulty and how we overcome that
difficulty, we start with a discussion of how we identify individual terms.
1
For extended discussion of changes to NCRP, see “National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) White
Paper # 1: Observations on the NCRP.”
2
We also take additional measures to assess the data’s general quality and reliability upfront. While we
believe these steps to be crucially important in producing a reliable final product, they are not central in
allowing researchers to reproduce the final datafiles, so we do not discuss them. As an example, we
examine counts of D records over time to ensure that there are no anomalous changes in census totals.
While this is an important diagnostic measure, no predetermined data manipulations are tied to the results
of this output and its results alone do not per say affect the construction of the data.
31
Some notation is essential. The notation A(1) B(1,2) implies that the offender was
admitted to prison on day 1 and was released from prison on day 2. The A represents an
admission record, which has an admission date. The B represents a release records, which
has an admission and release date. When there is no ambiguity, the notation A B suffices.
When the offender has multiple admissions and releases, these are represented with A(1)
B(1,2) … A(3) B(3,4). The notation also covers more complicated patterns.
2.1
Establishing Individual Terms
Our first step in identifying terms is to create a chronological ordering of an inmate’s A and
B records. To create this chronological ordering we use (1) inmate identifiers and (2) the date
that each A and B record was recorded – admission dates for A records and release dates for
B records. 3 From this ordering, we designate A and B records into individual terms by
grouping together records that share a common admission date. 4 The occurrence of a new
admission date between records demarcates the beginning of the next term group. For
example, consider an inmate who is admitted to prison (A), then released a few years later
(B). After several years out of prison, this inmate is again admitted to prison (A), serves a
subsequent term and then released (B). Chronologically, in this example, the inmate will
have two term groupings by admission date: an AB followed by a second AB.
However, imprecise admission dates complicate grouping records. Consider a common
illustration. Suppose we observe an inmate who is first admitted (A) and then released to
parole (B), then later has his/her paroled revoked (A) and after serving the remainder of
his/her sentence, is subsequently re-released (B). Logically, this sequence represents two
distinct terms: [AB followed by AB]. However, if the admission date for the second B
record were recorded as the original admission date, this sequence would be grouped as
[ABB followed by A.] using the admission date alone. 5 While using the original
admission date to describe both release records may be a useful accounting method for
correctional systems, it inhibits assembling a term history.
As the above problem illustrates, we cannot simply rely on admission dates alone to identify
terms. However, we do not want to simply ignore this information either. Instead, we take
additional steps to decipher what this information implies and ultimately integrate this
information into our formulation of terms. By grouping together chronologically sorted
records that share a common admission date, we create tentative terms that are known to be
3
We use the inmate identification number (inmate ID) where we have identified this as complete and
reliable. If the inmate ID is not available, then we use the inmate’s age and sex together with the admission
date to identify records that are part of the same recorded history for a single inmate.
4
The admission dates associated with the B records are the key ingredients to building individual terms.
They tell us, for each release record, which admission record (and thus which term) that release should be
associated with.
5
The notation [A.] denotes an A record that not followed by any record sharing the same admission date.
32
inaccurate but that are building blocks for identifying correct term records. From the example
above, our solution would imply the identification of three separate terms: “AB”, followed
by “A.”, followed by “ .B”. This does not result in a set of terms that correctly express
how we view this inmate’s term history. However, it is a first step in the larger process of
identifying and validating terms and term histories. From this point, we assess the validity of
the proposed terms and make adjustments supported by the data. Before discussing the
conversion of tentative term records into final term records, this white paper discusses some
other preprocessing steps.
2.1.1
Correcting Inmate Identifiers
Occasionally the data indicate that a grouping of A and B records pertain to the same
individual, but for some reason these records contain different inmate identifying numbers.
We identify these cases by grouping together those records with the same reported admission
dates, birthdate and sex for inmates, but different inmate IDs. Then, within each group, we
reassign records to have the same unique identifier. We use the identifier most commonly
associated with the shared birthdate. In cases where more than one identifier is most
commonly associated with that birthdate, we choose the first identifier in the group (usually
the smallest identifier value based on an ascending sort order). Overall, the need for
correcting inmate identifiers is rare.
2.1.2
Records Created on the Same Day
Though rare, it is possible for multiple records to have been created on the same day for the
same inmate. In cases where these are multiple A records, we retain the first record reported
by the state and delete all others. In cases where these are multiple B records, we retain the B
record with the earliest admission date, deleting all others. In cases where both A and B
records exist, we use the admission date for the B record to assign a chronological structure;
if the admission date for the B record occurs before the A record, we count the release as
having occurred first. Otherwise if they share an admission date, we count the admission as
having occurred first.
2.1.3
B Records with No Admission Date
In rare cases, B records are missing admission dates and cannot be linked to terms without
imputation. In these cases, we use the admission date of the record that immediately precedes
this B record in the chronological ordering of inmate records. We do this regardless of
whether the preceding record is itself an admission or release record. 6 There are also some
cases where no record precedes the missing information. In these instances we simply leave
the admission date as unknown.
6
It is also possible that an admission record was created for the same day as the record with the missing
admission date. In these cases, it is unclear whether the admission preceded or followed the release record.
Our solution is to treat the admission record as subsequent to the record where we see that the inmate is
incarcerated (according to the census (D) records) between that date and the date of the next recorded
movement.
33
2.1.4
More Than Two Consecutive B Records
There are instances, though extremely infrequent, of terms with more than two consecutive
release records that share a single, common admission date. The number of these consecutive
records can range from three upwards. In a logical ordering of records, these terms appear as,
A B B … B; however it is not totally clear why such a pattern might arise since it
clearly defies the logical concept of a prison term. To create tentative terms, we collapse
these multiple B records into a single term with one admission record and only two release
records: the first and last observed release record. In other words, where there are more than
two consecutive release records sharing an admission date, we delete the interior release
records.
2.2
Categorizing Term Sequences
Once we have established tentative terms (the “first step” from 2.1), our next step is to assess
the quality of these tentative terms. Our goal is to assess the logical soundness of tentative
terms and use suggestive evidence to improve the tentative terms. We do this by
implementing a series of diagnostic measures coupled with decision rules to make changes
where warranted by the data.
In order to determine if the established terms are sensible, we must look not only at the
records that comprise each term, but also the records associated with terms that precede
and/or follow a selected term. Consider, as a simple illustration, an individual term where an
inmate has only a single admission record and no subsequent release record sharing that
admission date. The table below depicts a simple conceptualization of this scenario.
Table 1
Term
Followed by…
A(1) [→ .]
???
The implication is that the offender entered prison on date 1 and has not left prison as of the
most recently collected NCRP data. If this accounting is accurate, then the inmate should
have no further records, A or B, and thus no further terms (i.e., the “Followed by…” box
would be empty). If, however, we find that this inmate has additional terms following the
admission record (e.g. a subsequent B record with a different admission date), then the
accounting is imprecise and we must consider how this information affects our construction
of term histories. Thus in order to examine the validity and reliability of individual terms, it
is critical that we look at pairings of terms, or partial term histories, rather than terms in
isolation from one another. We call these partial term histories “term sequences” and we
classify every single term as fitting into one version of a term sequence.
34
Most term sequences conform easily to a consistent logical structure of admissions and
releases. The simplest example is of those consistent terms that are not followed by any
records whatsoever.
Table 2
Term
A(1) →
Followed by…
. .
Nothing
. → B(1,2)
Nothing
A(1) → B(1,2)
Nothing
In addition to the three cases above, other cases also fit into a consistent logical structure.
These cases are shown below.
Table 3
Term
Followed by…
. → B(1,2)
A(3) →
. → B(1,2)
A(3) → B(3,4)
. → B(1,2)
. → B(3,4)
. .
A(1) → B(1,2)
A(3) →
A(1) → B(1,2)
A(3) → B(3,4)
A(1) → B(1,2)
. → B(3,4)
. .
Where terms fit into term sequences that represent a consistent logical structure, we refer to
these terms as unambiguous. That is to say that we consider the accounting of these terms to
be fully accurate, such that no corrective action is needed. Some terms are considered
unambiguous even where the larger term sequence is missing implied records. For example,
the last row of the table above shows that an intervening A(3) record should be present in the
sequence (it is implied by the B(3,4) record), though it is clearly missing. Nevertheless,
because the A(3) record is implied by the B(3,4) record, and because this implied admission
record is subsequent to the B(1,2) record, the term is considered unambiguous. We impute an
A(3) record and classify this case as a valid, unambiguous term.
Other term sequences are illogical. We refer to these terms as ambiguous, meaning that
constructing logical terms requires some corrective action. In short, term sequences with
consecutive admissions (either as observed A records or as implied by B records) or
35
sequences with multiple release records that share admission dates are ambiguous terms. The
table below illustrates some common cases of ambiguous terms. For example, the third row
of this table shows the case where an A record on date 1 is followed by another A record on
date 2. Presumably there should be an intervening B record, however none is observed.
Table 4
Term
Followed by…
A(1) → B(1,2)
. → B(1,2)
. → B(1,3)
. → B(1,3)
A(1) →
. .
A(2) →
A(1) →
. .
A(2) → B(2,3)
A(1) →
. .
. → B(2,3)
. .
Resolving ambiguous terms in the overall construction of term histories is difficult in part
because we cannot distinguish records that reflect true movements into and out of prison
from those that do not. We have developed procedures for resolving these ambiguities by
examining and comparing data consistency for these cases against that of unambiguous
cases. 7 We discuss these procedures in the following sections.
2.3
Resolving Ambiguous Terms
In the white paper Observations on the NCRP we detailed the overall logic of using D
records to resolve ambiguous terms. We do not describe this process here, but we do
elaborate on some specific details of the methodology.
The process of resolving ambiguous cases starts with the estimation of a statistic Q. Q
represents the probability that an inmate will be observed in the D records (on any given day)
when that inmate is known to be currently serving a continuous period of incarceration (i.e.,
known from unambiguous cases). One might expect Q to equal 1, but that is not true because
inmates can be released from prison temporarily, for example, to receive emergency medical
attention at a non-prison hospital. Q is typically a number like 0.975.
7
The method for resolving ambiguous sequences is provisional. A better method would use information
about when offenders entered and exited community supervision. That information would allow us to insert
an accurate A record into the sequence ABB when the explanation for the aberrant ABB sequence
is explained by an intervening term of community supervision. Knowledge about entering and exiting terms
of community supervision are not currently available to the NCRP.
36
Q itself is computed using data across all unambiguous terms and, from a diagnostic
perspective, provides the threshold to evaluate whether an inmate is likely in prison on any
day during an interval in a term sequence. In principle, if the data were recorded with
complete accuracy, Q would be equal to 1. However in practice, this is seldom true.
We estimate Q by comparing the number of observed D records to the number of expected D
records implied by the term over a span of time. For example, the D records typically
comprise the population in prison on December 31. If an offender was known to have spent
five years in prison, he or she should appear in five D records from sequential years of
reporting to the NCRP. 8 Q compares our observation of D records for this inmate with the
expectation that there should be five D records in all.
Explicitly we calculate Q as,
𝑄 =
Total 𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 D Records
Total 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 D Records
Q can be defined for any collection of D records. That means that Q can be calculated for any
sample or subsample of inmates within a state. Consider two examples:
(1) Q calculated for a single inmate:
Suppose that for an inmate we observe four D records within a term; however,
the term itself implies that we should expect five D records. A calculation of
Q for this inmate would be,
4
𝑄 = 5 = 0.80.
(2) Q calculated for a group of two inmates:
Suppose that among two inmates, for one we observe four D records when we
expect five, and for the other we observe two D records when we expect three.
A calculation of Q for this group of inmates would be,
4+2
6
𝑄 = 5 + 3 = 8 = 0.75
In fact we combine the information across all inmates with unambiguous term records to
estimate Q, so we only calculate one single value for Q that includes all inmates across all
unambiguous terms.
We compare this single measure of Q to multiple (and similar) measures for ambiguous
terms, each identified as a value, P. For ambiguous terms, P represents the average
8
D records represent a stock prison population on a given day. However, even within that day, the prison
population can change. This example ignores any complications in accounting that arise from instances
where inmates are admitted or released on days when D records are created.
37
probability that an inmate will be recorded in any given D record over a specified interval. It
is similar to Q in that it is calculated as the ratio of observed-to-potential D records; however,
unlike Q, there is no single P for all ambiguous terms/term sequences. Multiple values of P
are computed, one for each type of ambiguous term/term sequence.
Specifically, a different value for P is calculated for each of the five ambiguous cases
described in Table 4 (and repeated in the table below). For ambiguous cases with consecutive
admissions (“AAB” as a shorthand notation), P is calculated based on the interval
between admissions. For ambiguous cases with multiple release records sharing admission
dates (“ABB” as a shorthand notation), P is calculated on the interval between releases.
They are repeated below, with an extra column introducing a new shorthand notation.
Table 5
Term
Followed by…
Shorthand
. → B(1,3)
ABB
. → B(1,3)
ABB
A(1) → B(1,2)
. → B(1,2)
A(1) →
. .
A(2) →
. .
AAB
A(1) →
. .
A(2) → B(2,3)
AAB
A(1) →
. .
. → B(2,3)
AAB
By comparing P to Q, we can evaluate whether an inmate was most likely continuously
incarcerated over a specified interval. In principle,
If P >= Q, then an inmate is arguably present throughout a specified interval. The
simple solution to adjusting the ambiguous case is to drop the middle record. In cases
of AAB, the middle A record is dropped, and in cases of ABB the middle B
record is dropped.
If P < Q, then an inmate is arguably absent at some point during a specified interval.
The implication is that there is a missing record in the term or sequence, and a new
record (and record date) needs to be introduced. In the case of AAB, we impute a
release record, so that we are left with two distinct terms, A[B] & AB. We
impute the date of this release record as follows: Let d A1 be the admission date for
the first A record and let d A2 be the admission date for the second A record. Then the
release date for the imputed B 1 record is,
[1] d B1 = d A1 + (P )(d A 2 − d A1 )
In the case of ABB, we impute an admission record, so that we are left with two
distinct terms, AB & [A]B. We impute the date of this admission record as
38
follows: Let d B1 be the release date for the first B record and let d B2 be the release
date for the second B record. Then the admission date for the imputed A 2 record is,
[2] d A 2 = d B1 + (1 − P )(d B 2 − d B1 )
Equations [1] and [2] above depict the general formulas for imputation, however, in practice
we compute (and use) separate values of P (i.e., P 1 , P 2, …, P j ) for subgroups of inmates
within an ambiguous case where these subgroups are defined according to the number of
potential D records spanned along the interval over which P is calculated. Specifically, P 1 is
calculated for inmates whose interval spans exactly 1 D record, P 2 for those whose interval
spans exactly 2 D records, P 3 for those whose interval spans exactly 3 D records, etc. There
are also inmates whose interval does not overlap any D records. For this group no calculation
(P 0 ) can be performed since the denominator of P for this subgroup must be zero. As a result,
we use P 1 in performing imputations for this subgroup.
The justification for this imputation procedure may seem obscure, however we emphasize
that a sensible process is needed in order to avoid making gross errors. The current
methodology is provisional and alternative procedures could be used. We envision that future
imputations will be improved with the eventual availability of terms spent on community
supervision. Nevertheless, the current procedure has two characteristics:
•
It probably overstates the number of unique admissions and releases that occur during the
term history, but
•
It is intended to be neutral with respect to the amount of time that an offender spends in
prison.
Although evidence is uncertain, it appears that most of the ABB sequences result from
parole releases where the state (1) reports no new admission record following a revocation
and (2) assigns the original admission date to the second release record. The imputation
procedure will correctly impute missing A records in this instance. Even when the imputation
procedure makes mistakes, the error introduced is likely to be modest since most terms are
unambiguous. 9 We note here that Appendix A provides a useful, high-level summary of the
various terms we identify in the data, a range of the typical frequency with which these terms
appear across states and an annotated description of the rule(s) for imputations we apply in
these cases. 10
9
As of now, evidence suggests that the proportion of unambiguous terms in a typical state is between 88 –
98% of all terms identified from the A and B records.
10
The distributions reported in this appendix are subject to change as more data become available.
39
3. Refining Term Histories
Once we have identified, classified, and resolved terms using the decision making principles
outlined above, we are left with fully described term histories. However, these histories
contain inaccuracies, some of which were introduced by the earlier decision rules. We take
additional steps to inspect term histories and make necessary refinements.
3.1
Overlapping Terms
Terms sometimes overlap. For example, consider two terms recorded as A(1)B(1,3) and
A(2)B(2,4). This may be a legitimate sequence representing a sentence that starts on day 1
and ends on day 3, and a separate sentence that begins on day 2 and ends on day 4, however,
for us this results in an inconsistent term history. Thus where terms overlap, corrective action
is needed to construct consistent term histories.
Where we see multiple unambiguous terms overlapping, we collapse these terms together
into a single (combined) term (see Section 5.0). However, if one of these terms is ambiguous,
specific rules must be introduced to ensure that sensible steps are taken in light of possible
imputations produced by earlier processes. There are two cases where we introduce
refinements of the earlier processes:
•
The case A(1) B(1,2)…A(3)…B(1,4) becomes,
A(1) B(1,2)…A(3) B(3,4), where an imputation is done for A(3)…B(1,4)
•
3.2
The case A(1)…A(2)…B(1,3) becomes A(1) B(1,3) where A(2) is dropped
Admission Observed Last
For many term histories, we observe the last record in a term history as an admission record
with no observed release. Such a term implies that an inmate is currently incarcerated, and in
the vast majority of cases this is true. Occasionally however, inmates who are observed to be
currently incarcerated have actually been released and for some unknown reason they lack a
release record indicating that release. Although rare, these anomalies introduce
disproportionate biases into the term file. This is because inmates who are missing this final
release record continue to be mistakenly identified as present in the prison population
indefinitely into the future. The consequence is that over time, the size of the true prison
population is progressively overstated.
To correct this false accumulation of inmates, we take the additional step of tracking D
records for inmates who have not yet been released according to B record accounting, and
examine the last reported set of D records to confirm the continued incarceration of those
inmates. If an inmate appears in this set of records, we consider the term accurate and no
imputation is needed. An inmate missing in the last set of reported D records implies the
40
release of that inmate since their last admission. Thus, we impute a release date. To do so, we
search backward in time through the previous D records, up to the date of the last admission,
in order to find the most recent D record reported for that inmate. Once identified, we impute
a release date that randomly lies in between the date of the most recent D record and the date
of the next set of D records. Explicitly, we impute a release date (d B ) for each inmate such
that,
[3] d B = (d D1 + 1) + (r )(d D 2 − d D1 )
where,
r = a randomly generated number on the interval from [0,1],
d D1 = is the date of the latest observed D record for an inmate, and
d D2 = is the date of the next reported set of D records, following d D1 .
In the event that we find no D records after the last admission date, we simply impute a
release date that is 30 days after the admission date.
3.3
Release Observed First
Often a release record with no observed admission record is the first observed record either
because the admission took place before the reporting period or because of missing data. In
most cases we simply take the admission date associated with the B record as the true
admission date. However, in cases where the admission date is missing or inaccurately
reported, we again must take corrective action to minimize distortions of prison population
counts. On one hand, if the reported admission date comes before the true admission, then the
presence of an inmate is reported falsely, leading to an overcount of inmates. On the other
hand, if the reported admission date comes after the true admission, then the absence of an
inmate is reported falsely, leading to an undercount of inmates. In this section we discuss our
imputation for reducing the likelihood of overcounting inmates. For the discussion of how we
deal with undercounting of cases, see the Section 4.1.3, Peripheral D Records.
To minimize distortions of population counts, we again take the additional step using D
records to assess whether the admission date is supported by the data. We begin by looking at
the first reported set of D records after the reported admission date. 11 If an inmate appears in
this set of records, we consider the term accurate and needing no imputation. 12 If however an
inmate is missing in this first set of D records, we search forward in time through the
subsequent D records, up to the date of the first release, to find the earliest D record reported
for that inmate. Once we have identified this record, we impute an admission date that lies
11
For missing admission dates, we simply look at the first set of reported D records.
12
If an inmate is present in the first set of reported D records and they have a missing admission date, we
cannot impute a reasonable admission date. Thus the start of their term remains treated as “unknown”.
41
randomly in between the date of the earliest D record and the date of the next set of D
records reported Explicitly, we impute an admission date (d A ) for each inmate such that:
[4] d A = (d D1 + 1) + (r )(d D 2 − d D1 )
where,
r = a randomly generated number on the interval from [0,1],
d D1 = is the date of the earliest observed D record for an inmate, and
d D2 = is the date of the next reported set of D records, following d D1 .
In the event that we find no D records before the first release date and after the implied
admission date, we simply impute an admission date 30 days prior to the release date.
3.4
Partially Unreported Terms
Ambiguous term sequences arise for one of two reasons. The first is that the data reported by
the state are complete, but logically inconsistent. For these cases we have discussed the
decision rules implemented to resolve ambiguous terms. The second reason is that states
sometimes have gaps in reporting records for some, but not all, years. The result is that
omitted records create the appearance of ambiguous terms in the identification of term
sequences. We discuss these cases and our approach for resolving them in this section.
Problematic terms manifest in two ways. The first is that some terms are only partially
reported. There are two variations of this problem: (1) an A record appears with no B record;
the B record was generated in a year where no data was reported, and (2) a B record appears
with no A record; the A record was generated in a year where no data was reported. These
partially reported terms are the subject of this section. The second manifestation is where no
A or B records for a term are ever observed, because both the A and the B records were
generated in years where no data was reported. We discuss these terms in the Section 4.0,
and do not discuss them further here.
The best way to handle missing data is obvious: request the missing data from the states. The
NCRP team has implemented this strategy. But when a state is unable to provide historical
data, the solution requires imputation.
Dealing with ambiguous terms that result from partially reported terms requires that we
introduce additional rules for imputation. Consider first the case of a B record with no
accompanying A record. This case is the simplest and requires no new imputations, since the
admission date is included as part of the B record. We simply use this admission date as the
start date for this term and move on to the next term sequence. The case where we observe an
A record without an accompanying B record is more problematic. We do not necessarily
42
want to treat this case as ambiguous, if we can determine that the release occurred in a year
where B records were missing.
Again we use the D records to inform imputations. We identify those ambiguous cases where
the release occurred in a year where B records were missing by looking at the D records
before and during each gap in reporting, moving forward through time. Where we find that
an inmate exits the prison population in one of these unreported years, we impute a release
for them in the first year they exited. We impute this date using an expression similar to [3]
from earlier, such that,
[5] d B = (d D1 + 1) + (r )(d D 2 − d D1 )
where,
r = a randomly generated number on the interval from [0,1],
d D1 = is the date of the latest observed D record before they exited, and
d D2 = is the date of the reported set of D records in the year they exited, following d D1 .
3.5
An Alternative Imputation Strategy
The imputation strategies described in the previous three sections applies a uniform random
number to assign an admission or release date when one is unknown. This should produce
acceptable statistics because most terms are unambiguous and when the random number is
applied, it should yield time-served estimates that are correct on average. A better procedure
would apply imputations based on an analysis of time served. Then the admission date or
release date would be imputed based on the time served analysis. We have not implemented
this solution.
4. Supplementing Term Histories
The identifications, imputations and refinements discussed above have all involved terms that
we observe either completely or partially through reports of A and B records as
supplemented with D records. However there are other terms that we do not directly observe
in any A or B records. These terms result for one of two reasons: (1) both admissions and
releases occur during periods of time where the state does not report A and B records, i.e. the
“gaps-in-reporting” problem, or (2) A and B records occur during periods where the state did
report records, however these records are simply not reported. We call these invisible terms.
In both of these cases however, the presence (or lack) of D records allows us to at least
partially identify these terms. As a result we use D records along with reasonable imputations
to augment term histories to include these invisible terms.
43
4.1
Invisible Terms with D Records
For some inmates, no A or B records are ever observed in the data, yet the D records show us
that at least one term must exist. For other inmates, the D records reveal the presence of
invisible terms that are part of a larger term history. Further, these invisible terms may lie at
the beginning or end of a term history (we call these peripheral), or they may lie between
observed terms (we call these nested). Each of these cases changes the way we think about
the information in a term history, and thus how we handle the introduction of invisible terms.
4.1.1
Only D Records
For some inmates, we never observe an A or B record; term histories exist but are invisible.
The most obvious case is an inmate who entered prison prior to the reporting period and
remained in prison at the end of the reporting period. Naturally however, these inmates must
have entered prison at some point, otherwise we would not observe them in the data (through
the D records). We identify inmates with D records and no other recorded movements as
those with invisible terms, and create a term history for these inmates using information from
the D records.
We start by treating all of the D records for each inmate as part of the same initial admission
(according to the first non-missing admission date observed in the D records), and thus part
of the same single (invisible) term. 13 To impute admission dates, we first locate the earliest D
record for an inmate to identify where they “enter” the data according to the D records. From
this date, we apply the following rules:
1. If the earliest D record that we actually observe is the same as the earliest D
record we expect to observe according to the admission date in the D record, then
use the admission date as the term start date.
2. Otherwise, we ignore the reported admission date and impute the start of the term
by choosing a date at random between the date of the earliest observed D record
and the date of the preceding set of reported D records. Formally, we compute this
imputation as,
13
We argue that this is a sensible approach for several reasons. The first is that the admission dates recorded
with the D records are of questionable reliability. It is not uncommon to for some states to report admission
dates in D records that reflect the first admission in an inmate’s entire history. Secondly, if multiple D
records do show different admission dates, and this change reflects a true movement, then we should
observe both a B record for the exit and an A record for the return. However, we argue that, in general, it is
highly unlikely that a state would fail to report both of these events where a movement takes place. Finally,
it’s when the time span of reported records is very long that this assumption becomes questionable.
However, we argue that the number of cases that fall into this group when the time span of records is
lengthy is a trivial number. Inaccuracy in our assumption cannot significantly adversely affect the final
term-level datafile.
44
[6] d A = (d D 0 + 1) + (r )(d D1 − d D 0 )
where,
r = a randomly generated number on the interval from [0,1],
d D1 = is the date of the earliest observed D record for an inmate, and
d D0 = is the date of the reported set of D records immediately preceding d D1 .
To impute release dates, we locate the latest D record for an inmate and identify where they
“exit” the data according to the D records. From this date, we apply the following rules:
1. If the latest D record that we actually observe is the last D record we can possibly
observe, then we leave the term end date as ongoing (i.e., blank).
2. Otherwise, we impute a release date between the date of the last observed D
record and the date of the next reported D record. This imputation is identical to
the one used in equation [3] from earlier,
[7] d B = (d D1 + 1) + (r )(d D 2 − d D1 )
where,
r = a randomly generated number on the interval from [0,1],
d D1 = is the date of the latest observed D record for an inmate, and
d D2 = is the date of the next reported set of D records, following d D1 .
4.1.2
Nested D Records
Some inmates, like those above, have D records that stand alone, with no other associated
term history. Other inmates though have D records that appear alongside other terms, but for
which the logical structure of admission and releases in their term history does not appear to
explain the presence of the D records. As an illustration, consider an inmate with an observed
term history like the one below:
Table 6
2002
A(1)
2003
D(·)
B(1,2)
2004
D(·)
A(3)
2005
D(·)
B(3,4)
The D records located within A(1) B(1,2) and A(3) B(3,4) are accurate and sensible.
However, another D record (in the middle) inexplicably appears between the B(1,2) and A(3)
records. It is not clear what this extraneous record represents though it is clearly inconsistent
with the logic of the reported records. We call D records that appear between terms, nested D
45
records. 14 We take steps to resolve these cases; however, we exclude cases where nested D
records result from another imputation process used earlier. We do this to preserve the
integrity and validity of the imputations already adopted.
In order to reconcile nested D records we must take one of two actions. One action is to
impute an entire additional term (admission and release) that encompasses the nested D
record(s). Another action would be to alter the release and/or admission dates of the existing
terms so that they encompass the nested D record(s). Which action we take depends on
whether the nested D records are reported consistently (or continuously) at every possible
interval between the two terms. That is to say that, if we observe a nested D record each time
it is possible to observe a D record between two given terms, then we believe that no time
away from prison actually took place. 15 Our solution in this case is to combine the two
existing terms by dropping the release from the first term and dropping the admission from
the second term. So for the example above, since a nested D record appears every time it is
possible for a D record to appear (only once in this example), we combine the individual
terms A(1) B(1,2) and A(3) B(3,4) into one continuous term in prison, A(1) B(1,4).
However, sometime we do not observe a nested D record for each set of D records reported
on the interval between terms. Table 7 below shows an example of this:
Table 7
2002
B(1,2)
2003
2004
D(·)
2005
D(·)
2006
A(3)
In this table, D records do not appear on the intervals between 2002/03 and 2005/06. As a
result we do not consider the prison stay to be continuous. In this case, we take the step of
imputing an additional, intermediary term. The imputation process here follows the similar
steps as for inmates with only D records, with one primary difference. In this case, D records
are only evaluated on the interval between terms, rather than on the entire interval of all
reported years. To impute term admission dates, we examine the admission date of the
earliest reported D record on the interval between terms. Then,
1. if the admission date is equal to or earlier than the date of the B record for the first
term, we drop that release record.
2. otherwise we introduce a new term that start on the admission date reported in the
D record.
14
We ignore any difficulties created by D records that occur on the same day as a release. We argue that this
can reflect a consistent accounting.
15
We argue that, in general, it is unlikely that a state fails to report both an admission and release given that
both truly occurred.
46
To impute release dates, we locate the latest D record on the interval. From this date, we
impute a release date by selecting a date at random that lies between the date we are using
and the date of either (a) the following D record or (b) the A record of the second term,
whichever comes first. This imputation is identical to the one used in equation [7] from
earlier.
Finally, if after the imputation process for creating new terms,
1. no possible D records can be observed between the B record for the first term and
the admission date for the new term, then these terms are combined by dropping
the B record and imputed A record altogether.
2. no possible D records can be observed between the A record for the second term
and the release date for the new term, then these terms are combined by dropping
the A record and imputed B record altogether.
4.1.3
Peripheral D Records
Similar to nested D records, some inmates have D records that precede or follow terms in a
larger term history. We call these D records peripheral because they either begin a history or
conclude it. But like with nested D records, we must resolve peripheral records to create
logically consistent term histories. Failure to integrate these records will lead to an
undercount of inmate populations like the one described in Section 3.3. Fortunately the
imputation process here follows exactly the same process as outlined for nested D records,
except that instead of defining the boundaries of the interval using B and A records from
other terms, we substitute the boundaries as constrained by the reporting period for states.
For peripheral D records that precede a term history, the boundaries of the interval are
defined by the first day that records are reported up to the first reported A record. For
peripheral D records that follow a term history, the interval is defined by the last B record, up
to the end of the reporting period. Using these redefined intervals, we perform the same steps
and imputations as with nested D records.
Where we observe every potential peripheral D record on an interval, we treat this as if no
time has been spent away from prison. Tables 8 and 9 below illustrate these cases. Table 8
shows peripheral D records that precede the start of a term history, and Table 9 shows D
records that follow the end of a term history.
Table 8
1999
2000
D(·)
2001
D(·)
A(1)
2005
D(·)
D(·)
47
Table 9
2006
D(·)
2007
D(·)
B(1,2)
2008
D(·)
2009
D(·)
D(·)
For preceding D records (Table 8), we drop the following A record in favor of the admission
date in the D records. For following D records (Table 9), we drop the preceding B record and
treat the term as ongoing (i.e., blank).
Where we do not observe every potential peripheral D record on an interval, we do not treat
the prison stay as continuous and, instead, impute an additional term. Tables 10 and 11 below
illustrate these cases. Table 10 shows peripheral D records that precede the start of a term
history, and Table 11 shows D records that follow the end of a term history.
Table 10
1999
2000
D(·)
2001
A(1)
2005
D(·)
D(·)
Table 11
2006
D(·)
2007
D(·)
B(1,2)
2008
2009
D(·)
To impute term admission dates, we identify the admission date of the earliest reported D
record on the interval between terms. For preceding D records, we simply use the recorded
admission date. For following D records,
1. if the admission date is equal to or earlier than the date of the B record for the first
term, we drop that release record.
2. otherwise we introduce a new term that start on the admission date reported in the
D record.
To impute release dates, we identify the latest D record on the interval. From this date, we
impute a release date by selecting a date at random that lies between the date we are using
and the date of either (a) the following reported set of D records, or (b) the A record of the
second term, whichever comes first. This imputation is identical for both types of peripheral
records and simply uses equation [7] from above. Also, if the latest D record that we actually
observe is the last D record we can possibly observe, then we leave the term end date as
ongoing (i.e., blank).
48
Finally, if after the imputation process possible D records can be observed between created
and observed terms, for either case, then we combine terms by dropping the appropriate
records.
4.2
Invisible Terms without D Records
Sometimes terms exist but we cannot see any A, B or D records. Consider the example of a
state that reports A, B and D records in 2002, and again in 2004, but does not report any
records for 2003. In this scenario, we would not be able to observe those inmates who were
both admitted and released in 2003, though such inmates most likely exist. Where we see
gaps in reporting, our first step is to contact the state and request the missing data. In the
event the state cannot provide those data, we impute these terms. Our overall approach is to
sample from other parts of the data to create a reasonable approximation for how the missing
data would appear on average. We start with the assumption that terms in the periods
immediately before and after the gap are similar in nature to those missing terms. We use the
characteristics of these observable terms to describe the nature and frequency of invisible
terms within the gap. More explicitly, we take the following steps:
1. Characterize those terms that we cannot identify. In the above example, these are
terms that begin and end in a single calendar/reporting year.
2. Identify and isolate two pools of characteristically similar terms. The first pool
should use terms for a similarly-sized period immediately before the gap; in this
example, this would be terms that begin and end in 2002. The second pool should
use terms for a similarly-sized period immediately after the gap; in this example,
these are terms that begin and end in 2004.
3. Identify each period (i) that occurs between the two pools. In this example, one
period exists (i = 1) between the two pools−the year 2003. Denote the total
number of periods as P.
4. Assemble new groups of terms for each period (i) by randomly selecting a
proportion of terms (ω i ) from pool 1, and a proportion of terms (1 – ω i ) from pool
2, where
ω i = i/(1 + P), for each i ϵ [1,P].
These new groups will augment the existing term-level dataset.
5. Translate the term admission and release dates of the selected groups so that they
begin and end in the unobserved period, rather than the period in which they were
originally observed. To do this, simply add days (D ij ) to each date within terms in
period i that were selected from pool j, where,
D ij = (Start date of period i) – (Start date of pool j)
49
In this context of the example, this amounts to simply adjusting the year of the
admission/release.
6. Finally, append these new terms to the final term-level datafile. Again, these new
terms are not meant to replace the terms from pools 1 and 2 that are already in the
final dataset, they simply augment the data.
5. Final Adjustments
After the processes and imputations described above have been applied, there may be
residual inconsistencies in terms histories. The first problem is that term histories may
contain individual (even unambiguous) terms that overlap in time−a new admission occurs
before the prior term has ended. The second problem is that terms may indicate that a release
happened before an admission−a clearly erroneous result. Such errors happen rarely and, as
such, have minimal effect on statistics. Nevertheless we take some final steps to resolve these
errors. Where the data indicate that terms overlap, and these terms seem sensible, we
combine them into a single, continuous term. We delete terms where releases occur before
admissions.
6. Verifying Results − Replicating Prison Stocks
Our last step prior to finalization of the term-level dataset is to assess the validity of the data
by comparing prison stocks implied by the constructed term records with prison stocks
reported on the D records. In effect, we use the constructed term records to generate an
estimate of prison stocks. We then compare this estimate of prison stocks with the actual
prison stocks reported on the D records. Because offenders are sometimes temporarily absent
from prison when the state assembles D records, the comparison is never exact but it should
be within a few percentage points.
Conducting this comparison enables two essential insights into the validity of the constructed
terms. First, we the constructed terms may significantly over or under reports prison stocks.
Where there is considerable variance, we investigate collaboratively with the state about the
data collection and reporting process for NCRP to identify sources of this variance. The
algorithm described in this paper is partly a result of developing rules to make the flow of
prison admissions and released conform with the stock. Sometimes the iterative procedure
caused us to diagnose and correct problems with A, B or D records. In this regard the
algorithm described in this paper was empirically informed.
Second, we verify that the estimated prison stocks from the imputed terms follow similar
trends over time to that of the reported D records. This helps ensure that, while population
estimates may differ by amount, the overall prison population trends mirror each other.
Should the stock estimates from the time-series suggest a trend significantly different from
50
the stock trends of the reported D records, we reassess the term record assembly and
investigate systemic differences in the data.
7. Technical Notes
Variable information in term cases is taken from the first occurring A record. If no A record
is present, then it is taken from the first occurring B record. Thus, if intermediate B records
with slightly differing variable information are dropped while resolving a term sequence, so
too are these differences.
51
8. Quick Reference Guide
Term or Case
Unambiguous
Rule imposed
Imputation
None
Proportion of
all terms
reported from
A & B records
88 – 98%
Ambiguous
2 – 12%
A→B→B
Drop middle record or impute
middle admission
d A 2 = d B1 + (1 − P )(d B 2 − d B1 )
< 10%
A→A→B
Drop middle record or impute
middle release
d B1 = d A1 + (P )(d A 2 − d A1 )
< 5%
Overlapping Terms
Unambiguous
< 2%
Combine Terms
Start = min(A), End = max(B)
< 1%
A(1) B(1,2)…A(3) …B(1,4) becomes, A(1)
B(1,2)…A(3) B(3,4), where an
imputation is done for A(3)…B(1,4)
Ambiguous
Impose refinements
< 2%
A(1)…A(2)…B(1,3) becomes A(1) B(1,3)
where A(2) is dropped
52
Rule imposed
Imputation
Proportion of
all terms
reported from
A & B records
Admission Observed Last
Impute release if inmate is absent
in final stock
d B = (d D1 + 1) + (r )(d D 2 − d D1 ) if any D exists,
and Release = (Admission + 30) if no D exists
< 1% with
imputations
Release Observed First
Impute admission if inmate is
absent in initial stock
d A = (d D1 + 1) + (r )(d D 2 − d D1 ) if any D exists,
and Admission = (Release – 30) if no D exists
< 1% with
imputations
Term or Case
Partially Unreported
Terms
0% in 95% of
states
A with no B
Impute release between the last
observed D and the first missing
D
d B = (d D1 + 1) + (r )(d D 2 − d D1 )
0% in 95% of
states
B with no A
None
Use admission date from B record
0% in 95% of
states
Invisible Terms
Only D Records
< 2% - 3%
Repeat steps from rows 8 and 9
See rows 8 and 9 in this table.
Nested
< 2%
< 1%
Continuous
Combine Terms
Drop the preceding release and following
admission dates
< 1%
Not continuous
Impute admission and release
dates
Impute an admission date using the date from
D record. Impute a release record as in row 11.
< 1%
53
Term or Case
Rule imposed
Imputation
Peripheral
Continuous
Not continuous
No D records (i.e.,
where gaps in
reporting exist)
Proportion of
all terms
reported from
A & B records
< 1%
Combine Terms and impute a
new admission/release date
Either drop the preceding release and impute a
new release as in row 11, or
< 1%
drop the following admission and impute a
new admission using the date from D record.
Repeat steps from row 17
See row 17 in this table.
Impute terms through a sampling
process
See Section 4.2
< 1%
0% in 95% of
states
54
APPENDIX D:
Example of state corrections fact sheet
55
MASSACHUSETTS 1
SENTENCING
Determinacy:
Time Served
Requirements:
Indeterminate 2
Adoption Date:
As of 2002, Massachusetts was one of nine states that requires offenders to serve 100 percent of
their minimum term imposed. 3
PAROLE ELIGIBILITY: 4
• For those defendants sentenced to state prison, parole eligibility is established at the
minimum sentence and final release is established at the maximum sentence.
A common sentencing practice is the imposition of state prison sentences with a
difference between the minimum and maximum sentence of one day, a sentence which
precludes parole consideration.
• For those defendants sentenced to a house of correction, parole eligibility is established at onehalf of the sentence length.
In general, those defendants with a sentence of 60 days or more are eligible for
consideration for parole release.
POST-RELEASE PROBATION SUPERVISION: 5
• When imposing a sentence, a judge may sentence the defendant to both a term of incarceration
and a term of post-release probation supervision.
• This can be accomplished for most defendants through the use of split sentences or from &
after probation sentences (type of split sentence).
Prior to truth-in-sentencing reform, judges could impose state prison / split sentences or
house of correction / split sentences.
Subsequent to truth-in-sentencing reform, state prison / split sentences are no longer
available as a sentencing option.
Currently, in the case of a defendant convicted of a single charge, a judge may be able to
impose a house of correction / split sentence; and, in the case of a defendant convicted of
multiple charges, a judge may impose a sentence of incarceration on one charge and a
sentence to from & after probation on a second charge.
GOOD TIME: 6
• An inmate may earn good time for satisfactory performance related to a work assignment,
educational or vocational program, or other program or activity as approved by the Associate
Commissioner of Re-entry and Reintegration.
Work Assignments. Deductions totaling not more than 2.5 days per month may be
granted to an inmate who is involved in one or more approved work assignment(s).
Educational or Vocational Programs. Deductions totaling not more than 2.5 days per
month may be granted to an inmate who is involved in one or more approved educational
or vocational program(s).
Activities. Deductions totaling not more than 2.5 days per month may be granted to an
inmate who is involved in one or more approved activities as approved by the Associate
Commissioner of Re-entry and Reintegration.
• MGL c. 127 Section 129D 7. Work, educational, vocational training and rehabilitation
programs; deduction of sentence for good conduct; reduction of good conduct credit for abuse
of judicial process.
For the satisfactory conduct of a prisoner while confined at a correctional institution of
the commonwealth, or any jail or house of correction, but working at a state hospital or
1
The information in this fact sheet has been assembled from public sources (referenced throughout the document), and some of this information
has been updated by the Department. We will update this fact sheet as we get new information.
2
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/213003.pdf
3
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/213003.pdf
4
http://www.mass.gov/courts/admin/sentcomm/fy2010survey.pdf
5
http://www.mass.gov/courts/admin/sentcomm/fy2010survey.pdf
6
http://www.ct.gov/doc/lib/doc/pdf/pdfreport/negoodtimeguidelines.pdf
7
http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXVIII/Chapter127/Section129D
56
MASSACHUSETTS 1
state school, satisfactory completion of an educational program leading to the award of a
high school equivalency certificate, satisfactory performance of said prisoner in
completion of any other educational sequence or any vocational training program
established within or without the institution, satisfactory performance of said inmate
when he is employed on work-release or in a prison industry, or satisfactory performance
of said inmates in any other program or activity which the superintendent of the
institution shall deem valuable to said prisoner’s rehabilitation, the commissioner may
grant, in addition to the deductions of sentence provided under sections one hundred and
twenty-nine and one hundred and twenty-nine C, a further deduction of sentence of not
more than two and one-half days per program or activity for each month while said
prisoner is working in a state hospital or school, on work-release or working in a
prison industry, or partaking in any of the said programs or activities as aforesaid;
provided, however, that in no event shall said deductions exceed a maximum
monthly total of seven and one-half days. Such further deduction of sentence shall be
added to any deduction to which the prisoner is entitled under said sections one hundred
and twenty-nine and one hundred and twenty-nine C for reducing the term of
imprisonment by deduction from the maximum term for which he may be held under his
sentence or sentences, and for reducing from the minimum term of the sentence or
sentences the good conduct credits earned under this section for parole eligibility as
provided under section one hundred and thirty-three.
• MGL c.127 Section 129C. 8 Confinement in prison camp; deduction of sentence for good
conduct.
For the satisfactory conduct of a prisoner confined in a prison camp, the commissioner
may grant, in addition to the deductions of sentence provided under section one hundred
and twenty-nine, a further deduction of sentence of not more than two and one half days
for each month while confined in a prison camp. Such further deduction of sentence shall
be added to any deduction to which the prisoner is entitled under section one hundred and
twenty-nine for computing the minimum term of sentence for release on parole as
authorized by section one hundred and thirty-three, or for reducing the term of
imprisonment by deduction from the maximum term for which he may be held under his
sentence or sentences. A prisoner whose term of imprisonment is reduced shall receive
from the commissioner a certificate of discharge on the date which has been determined
by such additional deduction from the maximum term of his sentence or sentences.
Habitual Offender
Laws (HOL):
MGL c.279 Section 25. Punishment of habitual criminals 9
• Whoever has been twice convicted of crime and sentenced and committed to prison in this or
another state, or once in this and once or more in another state, for terms of not less than three
years each, and does not show that he has been pardoned for either crime on the ground that he
was innocent, shall, upon conviction of a felony, be considered an habitual criminal and be
punished by imprisonment in the state prison for the maximum term provided by law as a
penalty for the felony for which he is then to be sentenced.
Prison v. Jail:
JAIL:
• MGL c.126 Section 4. Jails;purposes. 10
Jails shall be used for the detention of persons charged with crime and committed for
trial, committed to secure their attendance as witnesses upon the trial of criminal causes,
committed pursuant to a sentence upon conviction of crime or for any cause authorized
by law, or detained or committed by the courts of the United States.
Jails may also be used for the detention of persons arrested without a warrant and not
admitted to bail pending appearance before the district court, provided that no adequately
equipped lock-up established in accordance with the provisions of section thirty-four of
chapter forty is available for the detention of such person.
8
http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXVIII/Chapter127/Section129C
http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleII/Chapter279/Section25
10
http://law.onecle.com/massachusetts/126/4.html
9
57
MASSACHUSETTS 1
• A jail is usually run by the County Sheriff. 11
HOUSES OF CORRECTION:
• A House of Correction is a county correctional facility run by the County Sheriff to house
convicted offenders who are sentenced for less than 2 1/2 years per charge or for crimes which
the law considers less serious, misdemeanor crimes. 12
• Sentences to houses of correction do not have a minimum sentence and can range from one day
up to thirty months. 13
STATE PRISON: 14
• A State Prison is a correctional facility run by the Department of Correction to house convicted
offenders who are sentenced to terms of 2 1/2 years or longer per charge or for crimes which
the law determines to be more serious, usually a felony.
• In some cases, if a defendant is sentenced to less than 2 1/2 years but has previously served
time for a felony, that defendant will be housed in the state prison rather than the house of
correction.
• Sentences to state prison do not have a minimum and the maximum is life without the
possibility of parole (the mandatory sentence for First Degree Murder).
Notable Sentencing
Laws/ Structures:
MANDATORY SENTENCES: 15,16
• Mandatory sentences are those sentences to incarceration where the statutory penalty
provisions preclude the judge from imposing any sentence other than incarceration.
• Statutory penalty provisions for these offenses provide for a mandatory term of incarceration in
a house of correction or the DOC.
• The Massachusetts Sentencing Commission established three general categories of offenses
with mandatory minimum sentences that are addressed in the legislation - firearms offenses,
OUI offenses, and drug offenses.
Firearms and OUI (Operating Under the Influence) Offenses. The sentencing guidelines
legislation does not permit departures below the mandatory minimum terms for firearms
offenses or for OUI offenses, with the exception that long term residential alcohol
treatment programs, approved by the Office of Community Corrections, would be
available as intermediate sanctions for OUI offenders up to the third OUI conviction.
Drug Offenses. The legislation provides for a limited exception with respect to mandatory
sentencing for drug offenses.
• In FY2010, mandatory sentences were most frequently imposed for motor vehicle offenses
(Operating Under the Influence), drug offenses, and weapons offenses.
Less frequently, mandatory sentences were imposed for person, property, sex, and public
order offenses.
PRISON ADMISSIONS
Jurisdiction:
JAILS/HOUSES OF CORRECTION: 17
• MGL c.126 Section 16. Section 16 Custody and control of jails and houses of correction; jailer;
assistants; bond.
The sheriff shall have custody and control of the jails in his county, and, except in Suffolk
county, of the houses of correction therein, and of all prisoners committed thereto, and
shall keep the same himself or by his deputy as jailer, superintendent or keeper, and shall
be responsible for them.
In Suffolk County the penal institutions commissioner shall appoint a superintendent of
the house of correction, who shall hold office at the pleasure of said commissioner.
11
http://mova.state.ma.us/resources/aftermath-introduction/post-disposition-services-for-victims/for-victims-whose-offender-is-incarcerated
http://mova.state.ma.us/resources/aftermath-introduction/post-disposition-services-for-victims/for-victims-whose-offender-is-incarcerated
13
http://www.mass.gov/courts/admin/sentcomm/fy2010survey.pdf
14
http://mova.state.ma.us/resources/aftermath-introduction/post-disposition-services-for-victims/for-victims-whose-offender-is-incarcerated
15
http://www.mass.gov/courts/admin/sentcomm/fy2010survey.pdf
16
http://www.mass.gov/courts/admin/sentcomm/background.html
17
http://law.onecle.com/massachusetts/126/16.html
12
58
MASSACHUSETTS 1
• Some female defendants with a HOC sentence may be committed to a correctional facility for
women under the jurisdiction of the DOC. 18
Not all Massachusetts counties [are able to] house their female inmates, resulting in 46%
of the DOC sentenced females serving county sentences and a disproportionate number of
female inmates from some Massachusetts communities. 19
DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS: 20
• MGL c.124 Section 1. Powers and duties of commissioner of correction.
In addition to exercising the powers and performing the duties which are otherwise given
him by law, the commissioner of correction, in this chapter called the commissioner,
shall:
Designate, establish, maintain, and administer such state correctional facilities as he
deems necessary, and may discontinue the use of such state correctional facilities as
he deems appropriate for such action; provided that no state or county correctional
facility named in paragraph (n) of section one of chapter 125 shall be discontinued
without specific authorization and approval of the General Court;
Maintain security, safety and order at all state correctional facilities, utilize the
resources of the department to prevent escapes from any such facility, take all
necessary precautions to prevent the occurrence or spread of any disorder, riot or
insurrection at any such facility, including but not limited to the development,
planning, and coordination of emergency riot procedures with the colonel of state
police, and take suitable measures for the restoration of order;
Facilities:
• The Department has 18 institutions and 4 security levels: Maximum, Medium, Minimum and
Pre-Release. 21
Private Prisons:
• Massachusetts does not have any privately run adult corrections facilities, but does contract for
approximately 15 bed spaces at a privately run treatment facility for female offenders.
Admission Types:
Criminally Sentenced Admission Types: 22
• New Court Commitment
• Parole Violation/Detainer
• Transfer from Other Jurisdiction
• Probation Violation
• Other Admissions
RELEASE/POST-PRISON SUPERVISION
Jurisdiction:
PROBATION: 23
• Probation is a court-ordered sanction placed on a person convicted of a crime.
• Probation officers in the District and Superior Court probation departments supervise criminal
cases.
Felony cases are handled by the Superior Court.
PAROLE: 24
• The Massachusetts Parole Board is the sole decisional authority in the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts for matters of parole granting and parole revocation.
• The Board has jurisdiction over all individuals committed to state or county penal institutions
for terms of sixty days or more in accordance with Mass. Gen. L. ch. 127, s. 128 (as amended
18
http://www.mass.gov/courts/admin/sentcomm/fy2010survey.pdf
http://www.mass.gov/Eeops/docs/doc/research_reports/Jan_1_population/112009.pdf
20
http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXVIII/Chapter124/Section1
19
21
http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eopsmodulechunk&L=3&L0=Home&L1=Public+Safety+Agencies&L2=Massachusetts+Department+of+Correct
ion&sid=Eeops&b=terminalcontent&f=doc_faq&csid=Eeops
22
http://www.mass.gov/Eeops/docs/doc/research_reports/pop_trends/Prison_Pop_Trends_2009.pdf
23
http://www.mass.gov/courts/probation/whatisprobation.html
24
http://www.mass.gov/Eeops/docs/pb/2009ARweb.pdf
59
MASSACHUSETTS 1
by 1980 Mass. Gen L. ch 155, s. 1).
OFFICE OF COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS: 25
• The Office of Community Corrections was established in 1996 by virtue of Massachusetts
General Law chapter 211F and is a division of the Office of the Commissioner of Probation.
• The mission of the OCC is the establishment of intermediate sanctions programs which offer a
continuum of sanctions and services for probation, sheriffs, parole and the Department of
Correction.
• The practical goal is to place offenders in controlled, collaborative, effective and efficient
intermediate sanctions thereby reducing fragmentation in criminal justice and providing a safe
and cost effective method of supervising offenders.
Community Corrections Centers are community based, intensive supervision sites, which
deliver bundled sanctions and services, including treatment and education, to high risk
offenders via Intermediate Sanction Levels.
Intermediate Sanction Levels:
• Intermediate Sanction Level IV is the most intense level of community based, criminal justice
supervision.
Sanctions and services required at this level of supervision represent a twenty-four hour
restriction upon the liberty of the offender.
Level IV participants are required to report to the community corrections center for four
to six hours per day, six days per week.
Additionally, offenders placed at Intermediate Sanction Level IV are monitored twentyfour hours per day via electronic device, required to submit to the highest category of
random drug and alcohol testing, and mandated to attend two four hour community
service shifts per week.
• Intermediate Sanction Level III is an intense level of community-based, criminal justice
supervision.
Sanctions and services required at this level of supervision represent a daily imposition
upon the liberty of the offender.
Level III participants are required to report to the community corrections center for one to
four hours per day, three to five days per week.
Offenders placed at Intermediate Sanction Level III may be monitored via electronic
device. Level III also requires random drug and alcohol testing, and attendance at one
four hour community service shift per week.
• Intermediate Sanction Level II applies to offenders placed on standard probation supervision.
Probationers may be ordered to complete community service, drug-testing, electronic
monitoring or other community based sanction.
Level II offenders may report to community corrections centers for specific sanctions, if
available, but do not report to community corrections centers for programming.
Intermediate Sanction as a Condition:
• Assignment to a community corrections center must be ordered as an intermediate sanction
condition of probation, parole, or pre-release.
At disposition, only a judge can order participation in an intermediate sanction level at a
community corrections center.
As a method of re-integration, the Massachusetts Parole Board, county sheriff's
departments, and the Department of Correction use their respective classification
standards to order participation in an intermediate sanction level at a community
corrections center.
Exclusions:
• Pursuant to state law, certain offenders are prohibited from sentence to community corrections
programs (chapter 211F: Section 3. Sentence to community corrections program; duration;
25
http://www.mass.gov/courts/admin/occ/occoverview.html
60
MASSACHUSETTS 1
conditions; eligibility.):
No offender shall be eligible for sentencing to a community corrections program who is:
Convicted of a crime that results in serious bodily harm or death to another person,
excluding offenses in which negligence was the primary element,
Convicted of rape, attempted rape, or sexual assault, or
Convicted of a crime involving the use of a firearm.
Release Types:
RELEASES: 26
• Expiration of Sentence to Street
• Parole to Street/Release from Parole Detainer
Expiration of Sentence to Street/Parole to Street include releases to:
Parole Supervision
Probation Supervision
Parole and Probation Supervision
No Post Release Supervision
• Parole-Expiration of Sentence – Release-to-Other
• Non-DOC Release to Other Jurisdiction (refers to inmates from county, federal, or another
state’s jurisdiction)
• Court Release
• Other Release
Supervision Types:
SUPERVISION:
• Parole Only
• Probation Only
• Parole and Probation
26
http://www.mass.gov/Eeops/docs/doc/research_reports/pop_trends/Prison_Pop_Trends_2009.pdf
61
APPENDIX E:
NCRP 2012 data collection protocol and interview guide for new or
lapsed states
62
NCRP 2012 Data Collection Protocol and Interview Guide – NEW OR LAPSED STATES
Prior to initial conversation with state:
•
•
•
•
Get background information:
o Review any prior conversations with state (to re-familiarize yourself)
o If state has submitted in the past, review what parts of NCRP and what years were
provided.
o Find out the NPS and APS contacts for the state
o review Fact Sheet, to re-familiarize yourself with the state
o If the state has submitted in the past, review any data quality issues that Jeremy and Ryan
have identified (see K:\Projects\NCRP\State Folders)
o Significant, unexplained differences between NCRP and NPS or DOC annual report
o For states that have never submitted, consider having BJS send a letter to the DOC
commissioner to solicit participation.
Determine what we need to ask them for
o 2012 NCRP data
o Other NCRP data: D records, ABCD from prior years, additional ABCD data elements
o Approve/review Fact Sheet
Email the primary contact to set up a time to talk. The purpose of the call will be to:
o Talk about the 2012 data request and what’s new for this year.
o Talk about advantages of submitting to NCRP (access to NCRP website for state to state
analytic tool, use of NCRP data by outside groups for research)
o Discuss the reduced list of variables we are requesting for lapsed and new states.
o Mention that if budget constraints prevent the DOC from doing the programming required
to extract data for NCRP, BJS does make small one-time grants to assist states that have
never submitted, have lapsed in submission, or are making IT system changes that require
reprogramming extraction code.
o Get your ideas on other improvements we can make to NCRP (lapsed states only)
Record initial and follow-up attempts to reach POC on your tracking sheet.
General outline conversation with primary point of contact (will vary depending the POC’s
familiarity with NCRP and our project)
•
•
•
Confirm this is a good time to talk
o For states that have never submitted, confirm that they are the person you should be talking
to (they can authorize participation in NCRP). Also ask whether we need to contact a
separate person for the parole records.
[If state has previously submitted] Thank them for past participation, and make the case for
restarting submission (new states have come on, we will accept reduced variable list, etc)
[If the state has never participated] Thank them for taking the time to speak with you, introduce
the NCRP and its many uses by federal, state, nonprofit, and academic researchers.
o Discuss how important an administrative data collection is to BJS, since they can only get
out to field the survey of prison inmates every 7 years.
o Stress that once the extraction program has been set up, only very minor changes need to
be made in subsequent years to provide annual data.
o Mention that we will accept a reduced list of variables to get them started, and that BJS can
provide one-time small grants to support programming of extraction programs.
63
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Indicate BJS is committed to NCRP and Abt Associates, their data collection agent, has made a
number of improvements to NCRP over the past year – they are described in the NCRP
Newsletter. For example:
o State-to-state comparison feature on the NCRP website, available in [January for pilot test
states; February or March for other states]. [If interested, give more detail; otherwise, say
that there’s more information in the NCRP Newsletter we will send to you.]
o More states are participating (9 new or returning after long hiatus)
o New data quality controls; term records
Discuss the 2012 data request
o Highlight what has changed for 2012 -- new variables:
On all records – FBI identification number, 3 military service variables
On C records – 2 variables to describe parole entry, one variable to get at county of
parole release
o Confirm that they’ll be able to submit 2012 data (e.g., not transitioning to a new system)
Set a target date for submission
o If a new state, indicate that the ‘inmates to include and exclude’ are in the FAQ.
In addition to getting 2012 data, we have other initiatives planned for 2013 that will improve the
NCRP
o [as appropriate] Want to get states using the website – get them to review the Fact Sheet
o [as appropriate] want to fill in the holes from prior years – see if they can submit old data
at the same time as the 2012 data (should just require a change in the year in the extraction
program)
o [as appropriate] want to get D records – see if they can submit D records for the first time.
Mention that BJS grant funding may be available, and see if they are interested.
Ask them if they have any questions about NCRP.
Confirm next steps for them (e.g., review of the Fact Sheet, then submit 2012 data, then submit
old data)
Indicate what you will be sending to them (see list below)
o Ask them if they prefer the materials mailed or emailed
o Ask them what pieces of the mailing should be sent to others (above or below them) –
confirm contact information. Ask about other persons in our state contact list.
Thank them for participating in NCRP
After the initial conversation
•
•
Record the date of the conversation on your tracking sheet
Within 2 days of the call, prepare the materials to be mailed (or emailed) to them
o Data request materials
BJS cover letter: add POC name and address, save in K:\Projects\NCRP\2012 Data
Collection\Materials sent to states\[state name], print on BJS letterhead
Abt cover letter: add POC name and address, customize depending on what they
have agreed to do in 2013, save in K:\Projects\NCRP\2012 Data
Collection\Materials sent to states\[state name], print on Abt letterhead
FAQ
NCRP Newsletter
o Website materials
Fact Sheet
Website screen shots
64
•
•
•
•
Acceptable use agreement
o Use hand-addressed Abt (9x12) envelope, if mailing
Tom reviews the materials before sending
Mail (1st class) or email
Record date of mailing on your tracking sheet
Send NCRP Newsletter to other state contacts, as appropriate
If data are not received by March 31, 2013
• Check tracking sheet to see whether they previously said they would be late submitting data (e.g.,
because of legislative session work)
• Email point of contact (customize this email depending on your relationship with the contact):
o “We are checking back with you on the status of our request for 2012 NCRP data. You
had earlier indicated to us that you would be able to submit these data by March 31, 2013.
Please contact me if you have any questions. Thank you again for participating in NCRP.”
• Record email on tracking sheet
• Follow-up if no response in 2-3 days
• Record response on tracking sheet
65
APPENDIX F:
NCRP 2012 data collection protocol and interview guide for
currently contributing states
66
NCRP 2012 Data Collection Protocol and Interview Guide – CURRENTLY CONTRIBUTING STATES
Prior to initial conversation with state:
•
•
•
•
Get background information:
o Review prior conversations with state (to re-familiarize yourself)
o Get 2011 submission date (to identify target date for 2012 data)
o Find out the NPS and APS contacts for the state
o Look up what we are thanking them for (see NCRP points of contact.xls)
o review Fact Sheet, to re-familiarize yourself with the state
o Review data quality issues Jeremy and Ryan identified (see K:\Projects\NCRP\State
Folders)
o Significant, unexplained differences between NCRP and NPS or DOC annual report
Determine what we need to ask them for
o 2012 NCRP data
o Other NCRP data: D records, ABCD from prior years, additional ABCD data elements
o Approve/review Fact Sheet
Email the primary contact to set up a time to talk. The purpose of the call will be to:
o Talk about the 2012 data request and what’s new for this year.
o Talk about improvements we have made to NCRP
o Get your ideas on other improvements we can make to NCRP
Record initial and follow-up attempts to reach POC on your tracking sheet.
General outline conversation with primary point of contact (will vary depending on your relationship
with the POC and the POC’s familiarity with NCRP and our project)
•
•
•
•
•
Confirm this is a good time to talk
Thank them for what they did in 2012(2011 data - have list ready)
Indicate we have made a number of improvements to NCRP over the past year – they are
described in the NCRP Newsletter. For example:
o State-to-state comparison feature on the NCRP website, available in [January for pilot test
states; February or March for other states]. [If interested, give more detail; otherwise, say
that there’s more information in the NCRP Newsletter we will send to you.]
o More states are participating (9 new or returning after long hiatus)
o New data quality controls; term records
Discuss the 2012 data request
o Highlight what has changed for 2012 -- new variables:
On all records – FBI identification number, 3 military service variables
On C records – 2 variables to describe parole entry, one variable to get at county of
parole release
o Confirm that they’ll be able to submit 2012 data (e.g., not transitioning to a new system)
Set a target date for submission, based on what they did last year
o If a new state, indicate that the includes and excludes are in the FAQ.
In addition to getting 2012 data, we have other initiatives planned for reporting year 2013 that will
improve the NCRP
o [as appropriate] Want to get states using the website – get them to review the Fact Sheet
o [as appropriate] want to fill in the wholes from prior years – see if they can submit old data
o [as appropriate] want to get additional data elements – see if they can do this
67
•
•
•
•
o [as appropriate] want to get D records – see if they can submit D records for the first time.
Mention that BJS grant funding may be available, and see if they are interested.
Ask them if they have any questions about NCRP.
Confirm next steps for them (e.g., review of the Fact Sheet, then submit 2012 data, then submit
old data)
Indicate what you will be sending to them (see list below)
o Ask them if they prefer the materials mailed or emailed
o Ask them what pieces of the mailing should be sent to others (above or below them) –
confirm contact information. Ask about other persons in our state contact list.
Thank them for participating in NCRP
After the initial conversation
•
•
•
•
•
•
Record the date of the conversation on your tracking sheet
Within 2 days of the call, prepare the materials to be mailed (or emailed) to them
o Data request materials
BJS cover letter: add POC name and address, save in K:\Projects\NCRP\2012 Data
Collection\Materials sent to states\[state name], print on BJS letterhead
Abt cover letter: add POC name and address, customize depending on what they
did last year and what they agreed to do in 2012, save in K:\Projects\NCRP\2012
Data Collection\Materials sent to states\[state name], print on Abt letterhead
FAQ
NCRP Newsletter
o Website materials
Fact Sheet
Website screen shots
Acceptable use agreement
o Use hand-addressed Abt (9x12) envelope, if mailing
Tom reviews the materials before sending
Mail (1st class) or email
Record date of mailing on your tracking sheet
Send NCRP Newsletter to other state contacts, as appropriate
If data is not received by March 31, 2013
• Check tracking sheet to see whether they previously said they would be late submitting data (e.g.,
because of legislative session work)
• Email point of contact (customize this email depending on your relationship with the contact):
o “We are checking back with you on the status of our request for 2011 NCRP data. You
had earlier indicated to us that you would be able to submit these data by March 31, 2013.
Please contact me if you have any questions. Thank you again for participating in NCRP.”
• Record email on tracking sheet
• Follow-up if no response in 2-3 days
• Record response on tracking sheet
68
APPENDIX G:
NCRP 2012 data request letter from BJS
69
Dear_____:
We are writing to request your participation in the National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP).
Data are now being collected for the 2012 reporting year by Abt Associates, Inc., our data collection
agent. We are excited that several states began submitting data this past year, and thank all of those
states who continue to submit NCRP data on an annual basis.
Our first year of collaboration with Abt Associates to ease the burden of submission of NCRP data and to
provide useful information from this data collection has been very successful. The data providers
meeting in March 2011 resulted in useful information for making data submission less burdensome and
the data more useful to you. Feedback from this meeting was incorporated into Abt’s web analysis tool
that will permit you to compare your state’s data to other similar states starting in early 2013. BJS
hopes to hold another data providers meeting in the fall of 2012 to discuss the further improvement of
the NCRP collection.
As reminder, as provided under Title 42 of the United States Code, Section 3789, BJS collects NCRP data
for statistical purposes only, does not release data pertaining to specific individuals in the NCRP, and has
in place procedures to guard against disclosure of personally identifiable information. NCRP data are
maintained under the security provisions outlined in U.S. Department of Justice regulation 28 CFR
§22.23, which can be reviewed at: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/bjsmpc.pdf
Finally, we want to alert you that in addition to this request for NCRP data, if you are the respondent for
other annual BJS data collections, you will receive separate cover letters for these collections. These
may include the National Prisoner Statistics (NPS), Annual Probation and Parole Surveys (APS), Capital
Punishment, and Deaths in Custody Reporting Program (DCRP). We appreciate the amount of time and
energy that you expend in providing us these data. Without your assistance, BJS would be unable to
provide comprehensive and accurate statistics on the correctional populations in the United States.
On behalf of BJS, Abt will be in contact with your agency shortly to launch the 2012 data collection
process and to solicit ideas on how to improve the current system. In the meantime, if you have any
questions please feel free to contact the Abt Project Director, Tom Rich, at 617-349-2753 or
[email protected] or the BJS Program Manager, Ann Carson, at 202-616-3496 or
[email protected]. Once again, many thanks for your participation in BJS’ NCRP program.
Sincerely,
William J. Sabol, Ph.D.
Deputy Director
Bureau of Justice Statistics
E. Ann Carson, Ph.D.
Statistician and Program Manager, NCRP
Bureau of Justice Statistics
70
APPENDIX H:
NCRP 2012 data request letter from data collection agent
71
Date
Name
Address
…
Dear [name]:
Following up our conversation on [when] and on behalf of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS),
I want to thank you for your contributions in 2012 to the National Corrections Reporting
Program, including [include as appropriate]:
• Submitting 2011 Part [list] data.
• Submitting [list data from previous years]
• Responding to our questions to help us understand the data you submitted
• Attending the March 2011 NCRP Data Providers Meeting in Baltimore
• Reviewing the draft Fact Sheet we submitted to you
• Serving as an advisor on our development of the NCRP website
Over the past year BJS and Abt have listened to NCRP data providers and worked hard to
improve NCRP. For example, we are developing an NCRP website where you and other NCRP
data providers can compare sentencing, correctional, and supervision policies and aggregate
NCRP data across states. See the enclosed NCRP Newsletter for more information.
We appreciate your willingness to continue participating/participate in NCRP. For 2013, we are
requesting that you [include as appropriate]:
• Submit 2012 Parts ABCD. We would appreciate receiving these data by March 31, 2013.
As we discussed, changes for the 2012 file include the addition of FBI identification
number and prior military service variables on all four records, and three variables on the
parole records to better describe the entry onto parole and the county of parole release.
• Develop procedures to extract Part D (custody) data and submit Part D for LIST YEARS.
• [If state submitted only a minimal set of variables] Include additional variables [ list ] in
your NCRP data submission.
Data request specifications and submission procedures are also available on the NCRP website,
www.ncrp.info.
If you have any questions about NCRP or this data request, please contact me [insert email and
phone of site liaison]. You can also contact the NCRP Program Manager at BJS, Ann Carson
(202-616-3496 or [email protected]).
Sincerely,
[ Abt site liaison ]
[ Title ]
NCRP Site Liaison
72
APPENDIX I:
NCRP Newsletter sent to respondents, January 2012
73
National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) Newsletter
January 2012
Thanks for your efforts in a successful 2011!
New for 2012: A “New NCRP”
NCRP depends on the support and cooperation of
NCRP points of contacts at correction, community
supervision, and parole agencies across the country.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and Abt want to
thank everyone who participated in NCRP in 2011,
including those who:
In November 2010, Abt Associates
replaced the U.S. Census Bureau as the
NCRP data collection agent for BJS. Since
then, Abt and BJS have made a number of
changes to NCRP that will improve data
quality and make NCRP more useful to
state and federal policymakers and the
larger corrections community. Here are
key differences between the “Old NCRP”
and the “New NCRP”:
Submitted 2010 NCRP data
Submitted NCRP data for earlier years
Attended the NCRP Data Providers Meeting in
March 2011 in Baltimore
Advised Abt in development of the NCRP website
state-to-state comparison tool (see “New for 2012:
NCRP state-to-state comparison tool”)
Reviewed draft Fact Sheets (see “State Fact
Sheets”)
The Old NCRP was an ambitious yearby-year accounting of prison inmate
flows (admissions and releases) and
year-end stocks (the number of
sentenced offenders in state prison
custody at a specific point in time,
usually the last day of each year).
Data providers from state correction
and parole agencies were asked to
provide NCRP data in four files: (A)
admissions, (B) releases from DOC
custody, (C) releases from parole, and
(D) prison custody.
In the New NCRP, data from the four
files have been analyzed and
reconfigured, and a new type of data
file - which we refer to as “term
records” – has been created. The term
record captures a period of state prison
incarceration for each offender.
A
single term record for each offender is
constructed from the admission (Part
A) and release (Part B) records
submitted by the states, and verified by
checking against the custody records
(Part D). From term records, we build
a “history record” that is comprised of
all the term records for a single
offender within a state. This change
will not affect what states submit for
NCRP – Abt will create term and history
records from NCRP data that states
have been submitting. (continued on
pg. 2)
New for 2012: NCRP state-to-state comparison tool
In early 2012, a password-protected section of the
NCRP website (www.ncrp.info) will be available to
NCRP data providers, where they can compare
aggregate NCRP data and sentencing, corrections, and
supervision policies across states. For example, states
will be able to:
compare their policies/statutes on time served, good
time, and habitual offender laws to those in other
states.
see how their prison population varies by gender,
race, and age group over a several year period in
comparison to other states that have similar
populations or sentencing policies.
Later in 2012, Abt plans to expand the reporting
capabilities to include admission, time served, and
release patterns.
Abt has been working with NCRP contacts in ten states
(California, Colorado, Massachusetts, Minnesota,
Missouri, Oklahoma, Nevada, New York, Rhode Island,
and Virginia) to build an easy-to-use reporting tool and
to develop policies governing use of the tool. ( continued
on pg. 2)
NCRP State Participation Improves
An important goal for BJS is to increase the number of states that participate in NCRP: more participating states
means more value from NCRP for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. In 2011, eight states – District of
Columbia, Idaho, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, New Jersey, and Wyoming – submitted NCRP
data either for the first time or after a lapse of several years. We hope more states join NCRP in 2012!
74
New for 2012: NCRP state-to-state comparison tool
(Continued from pg. 1)
New for 2012: A “New NCRP”
(Continued from pg. 1)
Rex Reed, Administrator of the Nevada Department of
Corrections’ Offender Management Division, is looking
forward to using the tool: “Nevada, as are so many other
states, is working hard to do more with less in this
difficult economic time. What is exciting about the NCRP
database is its potential to bring more efficiency to our
research operations at a time we really need to use all
available tools to prepare for the upcoming legislative
session. Policy makers often demand quality data within
relatively short timeframes. The NCRP database will
help us provide that information.”
The New NCRP imposes greater
quality control than did the Old NCRP,
because sequences of individual-level
data are now being examined and new
procedures for processing the data for
each year have been implemented,
including comparing a new submission
against previous submissions. New
diagnostic procedures have been
implemented that reveal data issues
and problems that cannot be deduced
by looking only at a given year’s
submission.
The New NCRP also provides far
greater flexibility in producing reports
and data analysis. For example, in the
New NCRP, the prison population can
be derived at any point in time (or an
average daily population within any
range of dates), rather than just for one
day each year.
For more information on the website tool, contact your
Abt NCRP site liaison. Here are some questions you
might already have:
Who will be able to use this tool? Initially, other than
Abt project staff and BJS, only NCRP points of
contact who meet certain conditions (see below) will
have access.
How do I get access to the tool? NCRP contacts will
be issued login credentials once they (1) sign the
website Acceptable Use Principles and (2) approve
for posting on the website either your state’s Fact
Sheet (see “State Fact Sheets”) or aggregate data
on stock population from the NCRP Part D records
you have submitted. In other words, in order to use
the tool, you must provide other states with access
to either your Fact Sheet or aggregate NCRP data.
What if I don’t think the NCRP stock population
totals for my state are accurate? No aggregate
NCRP data will be made available on the website
without approval from the state’s NCRP contact.
The NCRP team will work with any state to
investigate and resolve data inaccuracies.
Who to contact for more information
about NCRP
Each state has an Abt site liaison:
Tom Rich ([email protected] or
617-349-2753)
Michael Shively
([email protected] or
617-520-3562)
Mica Astion
([email protected] or 617520-2568)
State Fact Sheets
Abt staff drafted “Fact Sheets” that describe each state’s
sentencing, corrections, and supervision policies, so that
we can better understand NCRP data that states submit.
In response to requests from states, we will include Fact
Sheets on the password-protected section of the NCRP
website, where users can easily compare policies across
states (see “New for 2012: NCRP state-to-state
comparison tool”). Before making these available on the
website, we need states to review the draft versions that
we produced. If you don’t have a copy of your draft Fact
Sheet, please contact your Abt site liaison.
Tom Rich is the Abt Associates NCRP
Project Director. He’s happy to discuss
NCRP with any of you.
Ann Carson, the NCRP Program Manager
for the Bureau of Justice Statistics, can be
reached at 202-616-3496 or
[email protected].
75
APPENDIX J:
NCRP 2012 data request for previously submitting states
76
National
Corrections
Reporting
Program (NCRP):
2012 Data Request
PREVIOUSLY
SUBMITTING STATES
Prepared by:
Abt Associates Inc.
55 Wheeler Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Contact:
Tom Rich
Project Director/Site Liaison
617-349-2753
[email protected]
Michael Shively
Site Liaison
617-520-3562
[email protected]
Mica Astion
Site Liaison
617-520-2568
[email protected]
77
INTRODUCTION
The National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) collects offender-level information from state
departments of correction and parole on prison admissions, prison releases, parole releases, and prison
custody. Abt Associates is the NCRP data collection agent for the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the
federal agency that administers NCRP. BJS has administered NCRP since 1983.
This document is intended for agencies that have been submitting NCRP data since at least 2009 and have
existing computer programs that extract data and re-code the data into “NCRP format.” Alternative
documentation is available for state agencies that are submitting NCRP data for the first time or in a
different format. Contact your Abt site liaison for a copy.
There are a few important changes to NCRP for 2012.
• Four new variables have been added to each of the four record datasets:
o FBI identification number
o Prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces (yes/no)
o Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
o Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
•
Part C (Parole Exit) records for 2012 have an additional three new variables added:
o Date of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
o Type of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
o County of exit from parole/post-confinement community supervision, or, if this is
unavailable, the county of the parole office to which the parolee was assigned
•
An additional category has been added to the existing question on Part C that identifies a
parolee’s supervision status at time of parole exit
o Parolees may now have a supervision status of “Only have financial conditions
remaining”
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the 2012 data request begin on the next page. The remainder
of the document contains five chapters:
• Chapter 1 contains the instructions and file layout of the four requested NCRP data files (Parts A,
B, C, and D).
• Chapter 2 contains information on each of the variables in the NCRP format, including which of
the three files the variable applies to, the variable definition, the coding scheme, and additional
instructions and examples.
• Chapter 3, 4, and 5 contain, respectively, the county, state, and offense codes in the NCRP
format.
For more information contact your Abt site liaison –Tom Rich ([email protected] or 617-3492753), Michael Shively ([email protected] or 617-520-3562), or Mica Astion
([email protected] or 617-520-2568). You can also visit www.ncrp.info.
78
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)
General FAQs
What is the National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP)?
• NCRP compiles offender-level data on prison admissions, prison releases, prison custody and
parole discharges. The data, provided by state departments of correction and parole, are used to
monitor the nation’s correctional population and address specific policy questions related to
recidivism, prisoner reentry, and trends in demographic characteristics of the incarcerated and
paroled populations. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) has administered the NCRP since
1983.
Who is the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)?
• The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), a component of the Office of Justice Programs in the U.S.
Department of Justice, is the United States' primary source for criminal justice statistics. Its
mission is to collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate information on crime, criminal offenders,
victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. These data are
critical to federal, state, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is
both efficient and evenhanded.
What is Abt Associates’ role in NCRP?
• Abt Associates was awarded a cooperative agreement in October 2010 by the Bureau of Justice
Statistics to direct the NCRP. (Prior to that date, the U.S. Census Bureau was the NCRP data
collection agent.) Abt is responsible for collecting, processing and analyzing data submitted by
state departments of corrections and parole. Working with BJS, Abt will also implement BJS’s
vision of an enhanced and expanded NCRP system that provides timely and useful information to
the corrections community.
Who is Abt Associates?
• Abt Associates is a global leader in research and program implementation in the fields of social
and economic policy, health, and international development. Known for its rigorous approach to
solving complex challenges, Abt Associates was ranked as one of the top 20 global research firms
in 2012. The employee-owned company has multiple offices in the U.S. and program offices in
nearly 40 countries. Abt has 40 years of experience working for the U.S. Department of Justice
and criminal justice agencies across the country.
General FAQs on the 2012 Data Request
Compared to the 2012 data request, has anything changed for 2012?
• Four new variables have been added to each of the four record datasets:
o FBI identification number
o Prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces (yes/no)
o Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
o Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
• Part C (Parole Exit) records for 2012 have an additional three new variables added:
o Date of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
79
Type of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
County of exit from parole/post-confinement community supervision, or, if this is
unavailable, the county of the parole office to which the parolee was assigned
An additional category has been added to the existing question on Part C that identifies a
parolee’s supervision status at time of parole exit
o Parolees may now have a supervision status of “Only have financial conditions
remaining”
o
o
•
What data are requested?
• For calendar year 2012, states are asked to submit:
o NCRP Part A (Prison Admission) records
o NCRP Part B (Prison Release) records
o NCRP Part C (Parole Exit) records
o NCRP Part D (Prison Custody) records
• Your Abt site liaison will also discuss with you collecting data from previous years that were
never submitted.
When is the data submission due?
• The target date for submitting 2012 NCRP data is March 31, 2013, but we understand that agency
constraints can preclude meeting that target date. The Abt site liaison will work with each state to
set a realistic target date.
How do we submit the data?
• To ensure compliance with FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) 140-2 and the
Privacy Act, Abt’s secure file transfer platform – which automatically encrypts the data during
transit – should be used to submit NCRP data. The Abt transfer portal is FIPS 140-2 compliant
and meets all the requirements of the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA)
and Privacy Act. If you prefer to submit data via email or physical media (e.g., CD), you must
encrypt the data, in compliance with FIPS 140-2. When you are ready to submit data, please
contact your Abt NCRP site liaison to obtain a unique username and password for the transfer
portal or to make other submission arrangements. Please protect your transfer portal username
and password.
What happens after we submit data?
• Abt will verify the contents of the data files and conduct a series of validity checks on the data
(including comparing the submitted data to your submissions from prior years). Typically, this
will be accomplished within 2-4 weeks of receipt of your data. Your Abt site liaison will then
contact you to review our findings and discuss next steps. Having a thorough understanding of
what data you submit is necessary in order to construct valid and reliable national NCRP datasets.
How can we be assured that data we submit is secure?
• BJS and Abt are bound by federal law (42 USC 3789g) which provides that, “No officer or
employee of the Federal Government, and no recipient of assistance under the provisions of this
chapter shall use or reveal any research or statistical information furnished under this chapter by
any person and identifiable to any specific private person for any purpose other than the purpose
for which it was obtained in accordance with this chapter. Such information and copies thereof
shall be immune from legal process, and shall not, without the consent of the person furnishing
80
such information, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other
judicial, legislative, or administrative proceedings.” Abt further recognizes that it is bound by the
Privacy Act and the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) regarding how
NCRP data are received, processed, and released.
How long will it take us to respond to this data request?
• The amount of time depends on the systems and procedures that your agency has established in
previous years to respond to NCRP data requests. If you have responded to NCRP data requests
for at least two years, the amount of time required this year should be lower than the time
required last year because Part C records are not being requested. For more information on the
NCRP reporting burden (OMB No. 1121-0065 Exp. 10/31/2012), see the NCRP's OMB
submission. 1 BJS estimates the time needed to develop computer programs to extract data and to
prepare a response to be 24 hours, on average, per type of database containing the information
needed, for the first year of participation, and 8 hours, per type of database, during the second and
subsequent years. Feedback during data processing and review is estimated to take 2 hours. Send
comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspects of the collection of this
information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to the Director, Bureau of Justice
Statistics, 810 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, DC 20531; and to the Office of Management
and Budget, OMB number 1121-0065, Washington, DC 20503.
How do we get additional information?
• For more information contact your Abt site liaison –Tom Rich ([email protected] or 617349-2753), Michael Shively ([email protected] or 617-520-3562), or Mica Astion
([email protected] or 617-520-2568). You may also contact the BJS Program Manager,
Ann Carson (202-616-3496 or [email protected]) or visit www.ncrp.info for more
information.
Part A (Prison Admission) FAQs
For the Part A submission, what data are being requested?
• One data record for each admission of a sentenced inmate during calendar year 2012.
Admissions can result from a new court commitment; revocations of probation, parole, or other
community supervision; transfers from other jurisdictions; escape or AWOL returns; or returns
from appeal or bond.
o Include admissions of:
sentenced inmates to your prison facilities 2, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence
length;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to county or local jails; and,
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under
contract to the state.
1
http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAViewICR?ref_nbr=200907-1121-001
2
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms; reception,
diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
inmates. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
81
Exclude admissions of:
sentenced inmates to your prison facilities who were transferred from another
one of your prison facilities;
inmates re-entering a prison facility after a temporary leave of 30 days or less;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to Federal facilities, another state's
facilities, or out-of-state private facilities; and
unsentenced inmates to your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial, civil
commitments).
New data elements requested are FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed Forces,
date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces.
o
•
What data elements are requested for the Part A submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
• Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
• Date of admission to prison
• Type of admission to prison
• Jurisdiction on date of admission
• Prior jail time
• Prior prison time
• Commitment offenses
• Number of counts of each offense
• Offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
• Location where inmate is to serve sentence
• Inmate's state identification number
• Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
• Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
• Parole hearing/eligibility date
• Projected release date
• Mandatory release date
• FBI identification number
• Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
• Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
• Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
82
Part B (Prison Release) FAQs
For the Part B data submission, what data are being requested?
• One data record for each release of a sentenced inmate during calendar year 2012.
Releases include releases to parole or post-confinement community supervision authorities;
unconditional releases; releases or transfers to other authorities; deaths; releases on appeal or
bond if credit for time served is not given while on release; or escapes from custody.
o Include releases of:
sentenced inmates from your prison facilities3, regardless of jurisdiction or
sentence length;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction in county or local jails;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction in in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under
contract to the state.
o Exclude:
releases of sentenced inmates from your prison facilities that were transferred
from another one of your facilities;
temporary transfers of sentenced inmates;
releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from Federal facilities,
another state's facilities, or out-of-state private facilities; and
releases of unsentenced inmates from your prison facilities (e.g., inmates
awaiting trial, civil commitments).
• New data elements requested are FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed Forces,
date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces.
What data elements are requested for the Part B submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
• Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
• Date of admission to prison
• Type of admission to prison
• Jurisdiction on date of admission
• Prior jail time
• Prior prison time
• Commitment offenses
• Number of counts of each offense
• Offense with the longest maximum sentence
3
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms; reception,
diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
inmates. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
83
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Inmate's state identification number
Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
New offenses since admission
Additional sentence time
Prior felony incarcerations
AWOL or escape while serving sentence(s)
Community release prior to prison release
Community release (days)
Date of release from prison
Released from
Agencies that assume custody
Type of release from prison
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
Part C (Parole Exit) FAQs
For the Part C data submission, what data are being requested?
• One data record for each exit from parole or post-confinement community supervision of a
sentenced inmate during calendar year 2012. Releases include discretionary releases from parole
or post-confinement community supervision; mandatory releases from parole or post-confinement
community supervision; reinstatement of parole; term of supervised release from prison; or other
types of exits from parole or post-confinement community supervision
o Include releases of:
sentenced inmates from your parole or post-confinement community supervision
agency, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence length;
o Exclude:
inmates not yet sentenced (normally called “probation”), but can refer to any
community supervision program prior to sentencing
• New data elements requested are date of parole admission, type of parole admission, county of
parole exit OR county of parole office, FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed
Forces, date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed
Forces.
84
•
An additional category has been added for the variable requesting supervision status at the time of
parole exit: “Only have financial conditions remaining”.
What data elements are requested for the Part C submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
• Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
• Date of admission to prison
• Type of admission to prison
• Jurisdiction on date of admission
• Prior jail time
• Prior prison time
• Commitment offenses
• Number of counts of each offense
• Offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
• Location where inmate is to serve sentence
• Inmate's state identification number
• Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
• Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
• New offenses since admission
• Additional sentence time
• Prior felony incarcerations
• AWOL or escape while serving sentence(s)
• Community release prior to prison release
• Community release (days)
• Date of release from prison
• Released from
• Agencies that assume custody
• Type of release from prison
• Date of parole admission
• Type of parole admission
• County of parole exit or county of parole office
• Date of parole exit
• Type of parole exit
• Supervision status at time of parole exit
• FBI identification number
• Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
• Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
• Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
85
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
Part D (Prison Custody) FAQs
For the Part D data submission, what data are being requested?
• Submit one data record for each offender under physical custody on December 31, 2012.
o Include:
sentenced inmates in your prison facilities4, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence
length;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in county or local jails;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in in-state private prisons,
including both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private
entity under contract to the state; and,
any inmate in these categories who was temporarily released (for 30 days or less)
from a facility.
o Exclude:
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in Federal facilities, another
state's facilities, or out-of-state private facilities;
unsentenced inmates held in your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial,
civil commitments); and
inmates who have escaped and are not in custody.
• New data elements requested are FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed Forces,
date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces.
What data elements are requested for the Part D submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
• Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
• Date of admission to prison
• Type of admission to prison
• Jurisdiction on date of admission
4
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms; reception,
diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
inmates. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
86
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prior jail time
Prior prison time
Commitment offenses
Number of counts of each offense
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
New offenses since admission
Additional sentence time
Prior felony incarcerations
Inmate's state identification number
Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
Parole hearing/eligibility date
Projected release date
Mandatory release date
Name of facility holding prisoner at yearend
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
87
CHAPTER 1: NCRP INSTRUCTIONS AND FILE
LAYOUTS
For 2012, NCRP format consists of three files: Prison Admissions (Part A), Prison Releases (Part B),
Parole Exits (Part C), and Prison Custody (Part D). Instructions and the file layout for these four files are
shown below.
PRISON ADMISSION RECORDS (PART A)
Submit one data record for each admission5 of a sentenced inmate during 2012:
Include:
• Admissions of sentenced inmates to your prison facilities 6, regardless of jurisdiction or
sentence length.
• Admissions of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to county or local jails.
• Admissions of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under contract to the
state.
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Admissions of sentenced inmates to your prison facilities who were transferred from another
one of your prison facilities.
• Inmates re-entering a prison facility after a temporary leave (30 days or less)
• Admissions of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to Federal facilities, another state’s
facilities, or out-of-state private facilities.
• Admissions of unsentenced inmates to your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial, civil
commitments)
See the next page for the Part A file layout.
5
Include admissions resulting from new court commitments; probation, parole, or post-confinement community
supervision revocations; transfers from other jurisdictions; escape or AWOL returns; or returns from appeal or
bond.
6
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms;
reception, diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
prisoners. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
88
Part A (Prison Admissions) File Layout
Character
Position
001
006
018
026
027
028
029
031
039
041
043
049
055
061
075
081
095
101
115
121
126
131
136
138
191
192
207
211
216
224
232
240
280
320
335
336
344
Field
Length
05
12
08
01
01
01
02
08
02
02
06
06
06
02
06
02
06
02
06
05
05
05
02
53
01
15
04
05
08
08
08
40
40
15
01
08
01
Variable
Number/Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
county
id
dob
sex
race
ethnic
eductn
doad
adtyp
jurad
jail
prison
off1
cnt1
off2
cnt2
off3
cnt3
maxoff
maxlen
totmax
17
loc
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
39
40
41
42
rectype
SIN
typsen
comsup
pahear
prodate
manrel
firstnm
lastnm
fbiid
priormil
discdate
disctype
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth (mmddyyyy)
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
Date of admission to prison (mmddyyyy)
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time (yymmdd)
Prior prison time (yymmdd)
Commitment offense 1
Number of counts, offense 1
Commitment offense 2
Number of counts, offense 2
Commitment offense 3
Number of counts, offense 3
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Maximum sent. length for maxoff (yyymm)
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences (yyymm)
BLANK
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
BLANK
Record type identifier
Inmate's state identification number
Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
Length of court- imposed sentence to community supervision
Parole hearing/eligibility date (mmddyyyy)
Projected release date (mmddyyyy)
Mandatory release date (mmddyyyy)
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
FBI identification number
Prior military service (Y/N)
Date of last discharge from military (mmddyyyy)
Type of last discharge from military
89
PRISON RELEASE RECORDS (PART B)
Submit one data record for each release 7 of a sentenced inmate during 2012
Include:
• Releases of sentenced inmates from your prison facilities 8, regardless of jurisdiction or
sentence length.
• Releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from county or local jails.
• Releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under contract to the
state.
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Releases of sentenced inmates from your prison facilities that were transferred from another
one of your prison facilities.
• Temporary releases of sentenced inmates (30 days or less)
• Releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from Federal facilities, another state’s
facilities, or out-of-state private facilities.
• Releases of unsentenced inmates from your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial, civil
commitments)
See the next page for the Part B file layout.
7
Include conditional releases to parole or post-confinement community supervision; unconditional releases;
releases or transfers to other authorities; deaths; releases on appeal or bond if credit for time served is not given
while on release; or escapes from custody.
8
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms;
reception, diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
prisoners. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
90
Part B (Prison Releases) File Layout
Character
Position
001
006
018
026
027
028
029
031
039
041
043
049
055
061
075
081
095
101
115
121
126
131
136
138
144
150
155
156
157
158
161
169
171
173
175
177
179
191
192
207
211
216
256
296
311
312
320
Field
Length
05
12
08
01
01
01
02
08
02
02
06
06
06
02
06
02
06
02
06
05
05
05
02
06
06
05
01
01
01
03
08
02
02
02
02
02
12
01
15
04
05
40
40
15
01
08
01
Variable
Number/Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
17
18
county
id
dob
sex
race
ethnic
eductn
doad
adtyp
jurad
jail
prison
off1
cnt1
off2
cnt2
off3
cnt3
maxoff
maxlen
totmax
25
loc
noff1
noff2
totadd
pfelon
awoles
relcom
comtim
dorpri
relfr
acus1
acus2
acus3
reltyp
29
30
31
32
36
37
39
40
41
42
rectype
SIN
typsen
comsup
firstnm
lastnm
fbiid
priormil
discdate
disctype
19
20
21
22a
22b
23a
23b
24
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth (mmddyyyy)
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
Date of admission to prison (mmddyyyy)
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time (yymmdd)
Prior prison time (yymmdd)
Commitment offense 1
Number of counts, offense 1
Commitment offense 2
Number of counts, offense 2
Commitment offense 3
Number of counts, offense 3
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Maximum sent. length for maxoff (yyymm)
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences (yyymm)
BLANK
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Additional sentences since admission: new offense 1
Additional sentences since admission: new offense 2
Additional sentence time (yyymm)
Prior felony incarcerations
AWOL or escape while serving sentence(s)
Community release prior to prison release
Community release (days)
Date of release from prison (mmddyyyy)
Released from
Agencies that assume custody: 1st agency
Agencies that assume custody: 2nd agency
Agencies that assume custody: 3rd agency
Type of release from prison
BLANK
Record type identifier
Inmate's state identification number
Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
Length of court- imposed sentence to community supervision
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
FBI identification number
Prior military service (Y/N)
Date of last discharge from military (mmddyyyy)
Type of last discharge from military
91
PAROLE EXIT RECORDS (PART C)
Submit one data record for each sentenced inmate who was released from parole/post-confinement
community supervision during 2012:
Include:
• Sentenced inmates from your parole or post-confinement community supervision agency,
regardless of jurisdiction or sentence length
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Inmates not yet sentenced (normally called “probation”), but can refer to any community
supervision program prior to sentencing
See the next page for the Part C file layout.
92
Part C (Parole Exits) Variable List
Character
Position
Field
Length
001
006
018
026
027
028
029
031
039
041
043
049
055
061
075
081
095
101
115
121
126
131
136
138
144
150
155
156
157
158
161
169
171
173
175
177
179
187
189
05
12
08
01
01
01
02
08
02
02
06
06
06
02
06
02
06
02
06
05
05
05
02
06
06
05
01
01
01
03
08
02
02
02
02
02
08
02
02
191
192
207
247
287
302
303
01
15
40
40
15
01
08
Variable
Number/Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
17
18
county
id
dob
sex
race
ethnic
eductn
doad
adtyp
jurad
jail
prison
off1
cnt1
off2
cnt2
off3
cnt3
maxoff
maxlen
totmax
25
26
27
28
loc
noff1
noff2
totadd
pfelon
awoles
relcom
comtim
dorpri
relfr
acus1
acus2
acus3
reltyp
dorpl
plrtypl
supsta
29
30
36
37
39
40
41
rectype
SIN
firstnm
lastnm
fbiid
priormil
discdate
19
20
21
22a
22b
23a
23b
24
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth (mmddyyyy)
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
Date of admission to prison (mmddyyyy)
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time (yymmdd)
Prior prison time (yymmdd)
Commitment offense 1
Number of counts, offense 1
Commitment offense 2
Number of counts, offense 2
Commitment offense 3
Number of counts, offense 3
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Maximum sent. length for maxoff (yyymm)
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences (yyymm)
BLANK
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Additional sentences since admission: new offense 1
Additional sentences since admission: new offense 2
Additional sentence time (yyymm)
Prior felony incarcerations
AWOL or escape while serving sentence(s)
Community release prior to prison release
Community release (days)
Date of release from prison (mmddyyyy)
Released from
Agencies that assume custody: 1st agency
Agencies that assume custody: 2nd agency
Agencies that assume custody: 3rd agency
Type of release from prison
Date of release from parole (mmddyyyy)
Type of release from parole
Supervision status just prior to release (change in response
categories)
Record type identifier
Inmate's state identification number
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
FBI identification number
Prior military service (Y/N)
Date of last discharge from military (mmddyyyy)
93
311
312
01
08
42
43
disctype
doparadm
320
01
44
typparad
321
05
45
countrel
Type of last discharge from military
Date of admission to parole/post-confinement community
supervision (mmddyyyy)
Type of admission to parole/post-confinement community
supervision
County of parole release/location of parole office
94
YEAR-END CUSTODY POPULATION RECORDS (PART D)
Submit one data record for each sentenced inmate under physical custody on December 31, 2012:
Include:
• Sentenced inmates in your prison facilities 9, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence length.
• Sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in county or local jails.
• Sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in in-state private prisons, including both
privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under contract to the state.
• Any inmate in the above categories who was temporarily released (less than 30 days) from a
facility.
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in Federal facilities, another state’s facilities,
or out-of-state private facilities.
• Unsentenced inmates held in your prison facilities (e.g., civil commitments, inmates awaiting
trial)
• Inmates who have escaped and are not in custody.
See the next page for the Part D file layout.
9
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms;
reception, diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
prisoners. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
95
Part D (Prison Custody) File Layout
Character
Position
001
006
018
026
027
028
029
031
039
041
043
049
055
061
075
081
095
101
115
121
126
131
136
138
144
150
155
156
191
192
207
211
216
224
232
240
280
320
296
311
312
320
Field
Length
05
12
08
01
01
01
02
08
02
02
06
06
06
02
06
02
06
02
06
05
05
05
02
06
06
05
01
45
01
15
04
05
08
08
08
40
40
120
15
01
08
01
Variable
Number/Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
17
18
county
id
dob
sex
race
ethnic
eductn
doad
adtyp
jurad
jail
prison
off1
cnt1
off2
cnt2
off3
cnt3
maxoff
maxlen
totmax
19
20
loc
noff1
noff2
totadd
pfelon
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
rectype
SIN
typsen
comsup
pahear
prodate
manrel
firstnm
lastnm
facility
fbiid
priormil
discdate
disctype
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth (mmddyyyy)
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
Date of admission to prison (mmddyyyy)
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time (yymmdd)
Prior prison time (yymmdd)
Commitment offense 1
Number of counts, offense 1
Commitment offense 2
Number of counts, offense 2
Commitment offense 3
Number of counts, offense 3
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Maximum sent. length for maxoff (yyymm)
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences (yyymm)
BLANK
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Additional sentences since admission: new offense 1
Additional sentences since admission: new offense 2
Additional sentence time (yyymm)
Prior felony incarcerations
BLANK
Record type identifier
Inmate's state identification number
Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
Length of court- imposed sentence to community supervision
Parole hearing/eligibility date (mmddyyyy)
Projected release date (mmddyyyy)
Mandatory release date (mmddyyyy)
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
Name of facility holding prisoner at yearend
FBI identification number
Prior military service (Y/N)
Date of last discharge from military (mmddyyyy)
Type of last discharge from military
96
CHAPTER 2: NCRP VARIABLES
VARIABLE 1 - COUNTY IN WHICH SENTENCE WAS IMPOSED
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The county where the court imposing the current sentence is located. If there are multiple
counties of commitment, enter the one which corresponds with the offense for which the person
received the longest maximum sentence.
Character Position
• 001-005
Codes / Coding Information
• If the county is known, use the 5-digit FIPS code (see Chapter 3)
• If the state is known but not the county, left-justify the appropriate state code and fill record
position 003 to 005 with 9's.
• If neither the state nor the county is known, fill fields 001-005 with 9's.
VARIABLE 2 - INMATE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• A unique number that identifies an offender. This number identifies individual records in your
state and will allow NCRP staff to identify records that are duplicates or have other problems.
Character Position
• 006-017
Codes / Coding Information
• If the identification number is less than 12 characters, right-justify the number and leave the
unused positions blank.
97
•
If the identification number is greater than 12 digits, put the remaining digits of the ID at the end
of the record beginning in character position 199 and document this action.
Additional Information
• Do not use sequence numbers for identification numbers unless you can identify each inmate by
the sequence number and use the same sequence number for the inmate's every movement into or
out of the corrections system.
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt Associates
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, per the requirements of Title 42, United States Code, Sections
3735 and 3789g.
• This variable is not necessary if State Identification Number is reported in character positions
192-206.
VARIABLE 3 - DATE OF BIRTH
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The offender’s date of birth
Character Position
• 018-025
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (January = 01, February = 02, etc.) in fields 018-019; use “99” if the month is
unknown.
• Code the day (01-31) in fields 020-021; use “99” if the day is unknown.
• Code the year (all 4 digits) in fields 022-025; use “9999” if the year is unknown.
Examples
• If a person was born on May 26, 1982, the date of birth is coded as “05261982”; if only the
month and year of this person’s date of birth is known, the date of birth is coded as “05991982”
VARIABLE 4 - SEX
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
98
•
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The offender’s biological sex
Character Position
• 026
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Male
(2)
Female
(9)
Not known
VARIABLE 5 - RACE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The offender’s race
Character Position
• 027
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
White. A person having origins in any of the original people of Europe, North Africa, or the
Middle East.
(2)
Black. A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
(3)
American Indian / Alaskan Native. A person having origins in any of the original people of
North America and South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal
affiliations or community attachment.
(4)
Asian. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia,
or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea,
Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
(5)
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of
Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
(6)
Other categories in your information system. Other single-race categories not listed above
which are in your information system.
(7)
Two or more races. A person who identifies with more than one racial category and/or a
person who identifies as multi-racial.
(9)
Not known. Racial category is not known.
99
Additional Information
• Hispanic origin is a cultural characteristic rather than racial characteristic (see Variable 6).
Persons of Hispanic origin can be black, white or some other racial group. When the information
is available, please code the racial characteristic of persons of Hispanic origin.
• If the inmate’s race can be determined but does not fit categories 1-5 or 7, then enter code “6”.
VARIABLE 6 - HISPANIC ORIGIN
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Whether the offender is of Hispanic origin
Character Position
• 028
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Hispanic or Latino origin. A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central American,
South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
(2)
Not of Hispanic origin.
(9)
Not known (Hispanic origin is not known).
VARIABLE 7 - HIGHEST GRADE COMPLETED PRIOR TO THIS
ADMISSION TO PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The highest academic grade level completed by the offender before being admitted to prison on
the current sentence.
Character Positions
• 029-030
100
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
8th Grade or Less (level of education did not exceed 8th grade, including having never
attended school).
(2)
Some High School (grade unspecified or grade completed is not available but it is known that
the inmate entered high school or started 9th grade).
(3)
9th Grade
(4)
10th Grade
(5)
11th Grade
(6)
12th Grade or GED
(7)
Some College (any person who attended college but did not graduate).
(8)
College Degree (any person who completed college or had some post-graduate education).
(9)
Special/Ungraded (including Special education, vocational education/rehabilitation,
occupational education/rehabilitation, academic in an ungraded system, technical training, or
education in an ungraded system).
(99)
Not known (level of education is not known).
Additional Information
• Do not report any educational work completed during incarceration on the current sentence.
• Do not report competency level.
• Code the 2 digit designation for highest grade completed prior to admission in fields 029-030.
• If the inmate never attended school, use code "1". Do not use code "0" for never attended school.
VARIABLE 8 - DATE OF ADMISSION TO PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The most recent date the inmate was admitted into the custody of the state prison system on the
current sentence.
Character Position
• 031-038
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (January = 01, February = 02, etc.) in fields 031-032; use “99” if the month is
unknown.
• Code the day (01-31) in fields 033-034; use “99” if the day is unknown.
• Code the year (all 4 digits) in fields 035-038; use “9999” if the year is unknown.
Additional Information
101
•
•
•
•
•
Do not provide the sentencing date as the date of admission unless correctional custody began
immediately after sentencing. Admission date should never be prior to the sentencing date.
The date of admission for exit records must be the date of admission to prison prior to the parole
exit date.
New admission dates for inmates exiting from parole and returning to prison as violators should
be reported as a separate record on your prison admission file. Two separate records should be
written to your files: one parole exit record and one prison admission record.
Prisoner admission data should be provided for state prisoners housed in local jails to ease prison
overcrowding. The date of admission for prison inmates housed in local jails is the date on which
the prison system assumed jurisdiction, often the date of sentencing.
Once you submit an admission record to NCRP for a sentenced state prisoner who is housed in a
local jail, do not later report his/her transfer from jail to prison as an admission.
Examples
• A person held in a local jail is sentenced on April 3, 2009. Due to prison overcrowding, he/she
begins serving his/her sentence in the local jail immediately after sentencing. A Prisoner
Admission record is created and "Date of admission to prison" is coded as “04032009.”
• A prisoner held in a local jail is sentenced on April 3, 2009. Due to prison overcrowding, he/she
begins serving his/her sentence in a local jail immediately after sentencing. He/she is transferred
and physically enters prison on October 28, 2009. No record of any kind is created for the
October transfer. Instead, a Prisoner Admission record is created with April 3, 2009
(“04032009”) as the date of admission.
• A person was admitted originally on June 11, 2003. He/she was released to parole supervision in
2005 and readmitted to prison August 7, 2009 as the result of a parole revocation. For the current
admission, the date of admission to prison field is coded as “08072009.” For the current parole
exit record, the date of admission to prison is the admission date prior to the current parole exit
June 11, 2003 (“06112003”).
VARIABLE 9 - TYPE OF ADMISSION TO PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The reason an offender entered into the physical custody of a correctional facility on the date
provided in Variable 8 of the current record.
Character Position
• 039-040
Codes / Coding Information
102
(10)
(20)
(30)
(46)
(47)
(49)
(56)
(57)
(59)
(65)
(66)
(67)
(69)
Court Commitment. A person being admitted to prison on one or more new sentences; the
person is being confined for the first time on this/these particular sentence(s) and is not being
re-admitted on any previous sentences still in effect.
Returned from Appeal or Bond. An offender's re-entry into prison after an absence on appeal
bond during which his/her sentence time was not running. DO NOT create a new admission
record upon an inmate's return if the inmate's sentence time continued to run while he/she
was on appeal bond.
Transfer. The admission of a person from the custody of another detaining authority to
continue serving the same sentence.
Parole Revocation, New Sentence. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released by
the decision of the paroling authority. Revocation is the administrative action of a paroling
authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions of
parole. If parole is revoked because of a new sentence, use code 46.
Parole Revocation, No New Sentence. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally
released by the decision of the paroling authority. Revocation is the administrative action of a
paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of
conditions of parole. If parole is revoked because of a technical violation, use code 47.
Parole Revocation, No Information. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released
by the decision of the paroling authority. Revocation is the administrative action of a paroling
authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions of
parole. If parole has been revoked and the reason is not known, use code 49.
Mandatory Parole Release Revocation, New Sentence. Mandatory Parole occurs when an
inmate must, by LAW, be conditionally released. Revocation is the administrative action of a
paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of
conditions of parole. This type of release may also be called "mandatory conditional release"
or "supervised mandatory release". Use code 56 if mandatory parole is revoked because of a
new sentence.
Mandatory Parole Release Revocation, No New Sentence. Mandatory Parole occurs when an
inmate must, by LAW, be conditionally released. Revocation is the administrative action of a
paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of
conditions of parole. This type of release may also be called "mandatory conditional release"
or "supervised mandatory release." Use code 57 if mandatory parole is revoked because of a
technical violation.
Mandatory Parole Release Revocation, No Information. Mandatory Parole occurs when an
inmate must, by LAW, be conditionally released. Revocation is the administrative action of a
paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of
conditions of parole. This type of release may also be called "mandatory conditional release"
or "supervised mandatory release." Use code 59 if mandatory parole is revoked and the
reason is not known.
Court Commitment/Suspended Sentence Imposed. Use this code if the admission is the result
of the court's imposition of a previously suspended sentence.
Escapee/AWOL Returned, New Sentence. Use this code if an escaped inmate is returned with
a new sentence. The new sentence may be for escaping or another offense.
Escapee/AWOL Returned, No New Sentence. Use this code if an escaped inmate is returned
and it is not known if there is a new sentence.
Escapee/AWOL Returned, No Information. Use this code if an escaped inmate is returned and
it is not known if there is a new sentence.
103
(70)
(80)
(86)
(87)
(89)
(88)
(90)
(92)
(99)
Court Commitment/Parole Status, Pending Revocation. Use this code if the inmate has
violated a parole that was granted by a parole authority but his/her parole has not been
formally revoked.
Court Commitment/Mandatory Parole Release Status, Pending Revocation. Use this code if
the inmate is returned to prison as a Mandatory Parole Violator, but his/her parole has not
been formally revoked.
Probation Revocation, New Sentence. Probation Revocation is a court order taking away a
person's probationary status in response to a violation of conditions of probation. Use this
code if the probation was revoked as a result of a new sentence.
Probation Revocation, No New Sentence. Probation Revocation is a court order taking away a
person's probationary status in response to a violation of conditions of probation. Use this
code if probation is revoked due to a technical violation.
Probation Revocation, No Information. Probation Revocation is a court order taking away a
person's probationary status in response to a violation of conditions of probation. Use this
code if the probation was revoked and the reason is not known.
Other. If a unique code cannot be assigned, use code 88 and document the types of
admission included in this category.
Court Commitment/Probation Status, Pending Revocation.
Unsentenced Commitment.
Not Known. Use this code if the type of admission is Not Known.
Additional Information
• For Code 10 (Court Commitment):
o Include as a court commitment inmates sentenced to prison for brief periods of time,
usually 90-180 days, after which they are either released to probation or remain in prison.
If, at the end of the "shock" period, the court commits the offender to prison to continue
serving sentence, do not report him/her again as an admission.
o Exclude from the court commitment category all revocations of probation, parole or other
conditional release with or without a new sentence for a new offense; all transfers unless
the inmate has completed all previous sentences and is beginning to serve time on a new
sentence; and all returns from escape or unauthorized departures.
• For Code 20 (Returned from Appeal or Bond):
o Do not create a new admission record upon an inmate's return if the inmate's sentence
time continued to run while he/she was on appeal bond.
• For Code 30 (Transfer):
o Include inmates admitted from a long term stay in a hospital, mental health facility or
another state or federal prison.
o Do not provide records for movements from prison to prison within your state.
o Do not report the return of an inmate sent temporarily to another state to stand trial.
o Do not include inmates who have completed a sentence in another state and are
transferred to your state to begin serving a different sentence. Code them as court
commitments, parole revocations or other, as appropriate.
• Codes 46, 47, and 48 (Parole Revocation) are limited to those cases where revocation proceedings
have been completed.
• Codes 56, 57, and 59 (Mandatory Parole Release) also are only applicable to those cases where
revocation proceedings have been completed.
104
Examples
• Court Commitment (Code 10)
o A person is sentenced by the court for murder and transported to a state correctional
institution to begin serving his/her sentence. The correct code is "10" court commitment.
o A person is sentenced by the court for murder and transported to a state correctional
facility to begin serving his/her sentence. This person is still on parole for a robbery
he/she committed four years ago but his/her parole revocation hearing has not been held
yet. This admission is not a court commitment. Use code 70 or 80 to report admission
type for this inmate.
o A person is sentenced in 2001 to serve three years for burglary. He/she is conditionally
released after one year and completes his/her time on parole. He/she is now being
incarcerated for a burglary for which he/she has never served a sentence. The correct
code is 10, "court commitment."
o An offender receives a sentence of five years, the first 120 days to be served in prison, the
remainder on probation. A Prisoner Admission Record should be created and Variable 9
coded as 10, "court commitment."
• Returned from Appeal or Bond (Code 20)
o An inmate in prison is granted an appeal and released on bond. His/her sentence time is
not running. His/her guilt and sentence are later reaffirmed and he/she returns to prison
to resume serving his/her sentence. The admission type is code 20, "return from appeal
bond."
• Transfer (Code 30)
o An inmate serving a prison sentence was declared insane and surrendered to the custody
of the State Department of Mental Health. This movement constituted a transfer release.
This year the inmate is found sane and returns to prison to resume serving the sentence.
A Prisoner Admission Record should be created and the type of admission coded as 30,
"Transfer."
o An inmate is sentenced in California to serve 5 years for burglary and enters a California
prison to begin serving his/her sentence. During the report year, he/she is transferred to a
Nevada prison for protective custody. This movement is a prison release type, "Transfer"
for California. Nevada would report this inmate's admission as code 30, "Transfer."
o An inmate serving a prison sentence in Rhode Island is temporarily released to Vermont
to stand trial for charges in that state. The inmate is found guilty and returned one week
later to Rhode Island to continue serving his/her time. No admission or release record is
created by either state.
o A Rhode Island inmate is serving a two-year sentence. After serving one year of his/her
sentence, he/she is sent to Vermont to serve the balance of his/her sentence. The correct
response for each state is as follows.
Rhode Island creates a prison release record - Variable 25 is coded as 15,
"Transfer."
Vermont creates a prison admission record - Variable 9 is coded 30, "Transfer."
o In February of the report year, an inmate is admitted to a Maryland State prison to begin
serving a three year sentence for armed robbery. In June of the same year, he/she is
transferred to a county detention facility for safekeeping. An admission record is created
when the inmate is admitted in February. No admission or release record is created when
the inmate is transferred to the county facility because he/she is still serving the state
sentence at the county facility and he/she is still in the state of Maryland.
105
Due to overcrowding, a Maine inmate is transferred during the report year from the
Maine Correctional Center (a state facility) to the Maine State Prison. The correct
response is to create no admission or release record for inmates that are transferred
among state facilities within your state.
Parole Revocations (Codes 46, 47, 49)
o While on parole, the offender commits an armed robbery and is sentenced to serve time
for that offense. His/her parole is revoked, and he/she enters prison to begin serving time
on the new sentence. Code 46, "parole revocation, new sentence" is the correct code.
Mandatory Parole Releases (Codes 56, 57, 59):
o While on mandatory parole release, a parolee fails to report to his/her parole authority.
His/her parole is revoked and he/she returns to prison to continue serving time on the
original sentence. Code 57, "mandatory parole revocation, no new sentence" is the
correct code to use in this instance.
Mandatory Parole Releases (Codes 56, 57, 59):
o While on mandatory parole release, a parolee fails to report to his/her parole authority.
His/her parole is revoked and he/she returns to prison to continue serving time on the
original sentence. Code 57, "mandatory parole revocation, no new sentence" is the
correct code to use in this instance.
Escape/AWOL Return (Codes 66, 67, 69):
o An inmate escaped from prison in December, last year. A release record was created for
that calendar year. He/she was located and returned to prison in June this year with no
new sentence. An admission record is created and the admission type is coded 67,
"escapee returned, no new sentence."
o An inmate escaped from prison in June. While on escape status, he/she commits a
burglary and is arrested and placed in jail. He/she is found guilty of burglary, sentenced,
and returned to prison in December. His/her admission type is code 66, "escapee
returned, new sentence".
Court Commitment/Parole Status, Pending Revocation (Code 70)
o A parolee violates the conditions of his/her parole and is accused of committing a new
offense. He/she is returned to prison. The new charges are pending. The parole
revocation hearing has not been held yet. The correct code is 70, "parole status, pending
revocation."
o
•
•
•
•
•
VARIABLE 10 - JURISDICTION ON DATE OF ADMISSION IN
VARIABLE 8
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition:
• The state with the legal authority to enforce the prison sentence is the state having jurisdiction.
106
Character Position
• 041-042
Codes / Coding Information
• Use State FIPS Codes (See Chapter 4) and enter in fields 041-042 the 2-digit code identifying the
state with jurisdiction on date of admission, or if appropriate use one of the following codes:
(52)
Jurisdiction is shared between states.
(57)
Federal Prison System has jurisdiction.
(60)
State not known.
(99)
Not known.
Examples
• An inmate is convicted of murder in Maryland and sentenced to a 10 year prison term. He/she
begins serving his/her sentence in the Maryland state penitentiary. The state code "24" for
Maryland is the correct value.
• An inmate is convicted of murder in Maryland and sentenced to a 10-year prison term. He/she
begins serving his/her sentence in a Virginia prison to ensure protective custody. The state code
"24" for Maryland is the correct value.
• An inmate is convicted of armed robbery in the District of Columbia and is sentenced to prison
for 6 years. Due to his/her previous incarceration history, he/she is going to serve his/her
sentence in a Federal prison. Code "11", for the District of Columbia is the correct value to code.
VARIABLE 11 - PRIOR JAIL TIME
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The length of time served in jail prior to the date of admission (provided in Variable 8) and
credited to prison service for the current sentence.
Character Position
• 043-048
Codes / Coding Information
• Provide number of years in character positions 043-044.
• Provide number of months in character positions 045-046.
• Provide number of days in character positions 047-048.
Additional Information
• Prior jail time is used in the calculation of "time served" in prison at time of release.
107
•
•
•
•
•
If it is known that some prior time had been served but prior jail time cannot be distinguished
from prior prison time, include all prior time in the prior prison time category (see Variable 12).
Do not leave any characters blank.
Zero-fill any field not applicable.
Enter 9's in character positions 043-048 if prior jail time is not known.
Enter all 0's if there was no prior jail time.
Examples
• A man was arrested and charged with burglary on January 1 of this year. He spent two months in
jail awaiting trial. He was convicted on March 1 and was sentenced to serve two years in prison.
The judge allows his time in jail to be credited toward his total sentence. The correct value for
Variable 11 is “000200”.
• A man was arrested and charged with burglary on January 1 of this year. He spent two months in
jail awaiting trial. He was convicted and sentenced on March 1. The judge states that his prison
time begins running as of his date of sentencing. The correct code for Variable 11 is "000000".
No time in jail was credited toward his sentence.
• On July 1, 2005 an inmate was admitted to a local jail, due to overcrowding, to begin serving a
5-year sentence for drug trafficking. He/she was released to parole on December 15, 2006.
He/she is now being admitted to prison on a parole revocation and must serve the remainder of
his/her drug trafficking sentence in prison. The time he/she served in jail for this offense, prior to
his/her parole, counts toward his/her total time incarcerated on the current sentence and must be
reported. The correct entry is “010515”.
VARIABLE 12 - PRIOR PRISON TIME
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The length of time served in prison prior to the date of admission (provided in Variable 8) and
credited to prison service for the current sentence.
Character Position
• 049-054
Codes / Coding Information
• Provide number of years in character positions 049-050.
• Provide number of months in character positions 051-052.
• Provide number of days in character positions 053-054.
Additional Information
• Prior prison time is used in the calculation of time served in prison.
108
•
If it is known that some prior time had been served but prior jail time cannot be distinguished
from prior prison time, include all prior time in the prior prison time category.
• Only time spent in confinement and credited against the current sentence should be reported.
• Do not leave any fields blank
• Zero-fill any fields not applicable.
• Enter 9's in character positions 049-054 if prior prison time is not known.
• Enter all 0's if there was no prior prison time.
Examples
• A man is admitted to prison on June 1, 1989 to begin serving a 10-year term for armed robbery.
He is paroled July 10, 1996. He violates the conditions of his parole and returns to prison this
year to complete his sentence. The time he served in prison prior to his parole counts toward his
total time served for this offense and must be reported. The correct value for Variable 12 is
“070110”.
• A man is admitted to prison on June 1, 1999 to begin serving a 10-year term for armed robbery.
His sentence is commuted on July 10, 2005 and he is unconditionally released. However, he
commits a new offense this year and is sentenced to serve 3 years in prison. His previous
sentence does not affect this new sentence in any way. The correct value for Variable 12 is
"000000".
VARIABLE 13 - OFFENSE(S)
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Crime(s) for which the offender was admitted to prison on the current sentence(s). For persons
readmitted to prison, the original crime(s) in addition to any new crime(s) resulting in the current
sentence(s) should be indicated.
Character Position
• 055-060, 075-080, 095-100
Codes / Coding Information
• Use your state's own offense codes. Abt and BJS will re-code your state’s offense codes into the
NCRP offense codes shown in Chapter 5.
• Provide the first offense in field 055-060 and the number of counts of that offense in field
061-062.
• If applicable, provide the second offense in field 075-080 and the number of counts in field
081-082.
• If applicable, the third offense in field 095-100 and the number of counts in field 101-102.
109
Additional Information
• Please submit offense code documentation along with data submission. This documentation
should include all of your states' offense codes and a description of each offense.
• Right-justify all offense codes.
• If your state offense codes exceed 6 digits, please contact the NCRP staff prior to submitting your
data for instructions on how to report.
• If an inmate has three or fewer offenses, report each offense separately.
• If an inmate has four or more unique offenses, report the three most serious offenses
• If an inmate has four or more offenses and two or more offenses are the same, report the identical
offenses once and combine the counts of the identical offenses
Examples
• If an inmate has the following offenses:
Offense
Aggravated Assault
Aggravated Assault
Burglary
Then report:
Offense 1
Offense 2
Offense 3
•
If an inmate has the following offenses:
Offense
Manslaughter
Aggravated Assault
Burglary 1st degree
Grand Theft
Then report:
Offense 1
Offense 2
Offense 3
•
If an inmate has the following offenses:
Offense
Manslaughter
Aggravated Assault
Burglary 1st degree
Burglary 1st degree
Grand Theft
Grand Theft
Then report:
Offense 1
Sentence Length
4 years
10 months
3 years
Aggravated Assault
Burglary
Aggravated Assault
01 count
01 count
01 count
Sentence Length
20 year sentence
5 year sentence
4 year sentence
11 month sentence
Manslaughter
Aggravated Assault
Burglary 1st degree
01 count
01 count
01 count
Sentence Length
20 year sentence
4 year sentence
4 year sentence
3 year sentence
11 month sentence
6 month sentence
01 count
01 count
01 count
01 count
01 count
01 count
Manslaughter
01 count
110
Offense 2
Offense 3
Aggravated Assault
Burglary 1st degree
01 count
02 counts
VARIABLE 14a - WHICH OFFENSE FROM VARIABLE 13 HAS THE
LONGEST MAXIMUM SENTENCE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Of the crimes coded in Variable 13, this is the ONE crime for which the inmate received the
longest sentence.
Character Position
• 115-120
Codes / Coding Information
• Right-justify in field 115-120 the code used by your state to specify this offense.
• If you do not know which offense carries the longest maximum sentence, code all 9's in positions
115-120.
Additional Information
• If the inmate received only one sentence for one offense, provide the code/name of that offense.
• If the inmate received the same maximum sentence length for two different offenses, provide the
one your state would designate as the "controlling," "driving," or "most serious" offense.
• If an inmate has four or more offenses and two or more were the same and therefore combined in
Variable 13, the sentence length of the combined offenses should be considered separately for
Variable 14a.
• Do not combine the sentences of the identical offenses that were combined in Variable 13 to
determine the offense with the longest maximum sentence regardless of whether the sentences
were consecutive or concurrent.
• If your state offense codes exceed the 6 digits provided, please call the NCRP staff for instruction
prior to submitting your data
111
Examples
• If an inmate has the following offenses:
Simple Assault
Burglary 1st degree
Burglary 1st degree
Grand Theft
5 year sentence
4 year sentence
3 year sentence
11 month sentence
01 count
01 count
01 count
01 count
Report for Variable 13:
Offense 1
Offense 2
Offense 3
Simple Assault
Burglary 1st degree
Grand Theft
01 count
02 count
01 count
Report for Variable 14a:
Simple Assault (01 count, 5 years)
VARIABLE 14b - PROVIDE THE MAXIMUM SENTENCE FOR THAT
OFFENSE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The maximum sentence as stated by the court, that the offender is required to serve for the
offense listed in Variable 14a.
Character Position
• 121-125
Codes / Coding Information
• Enter the number of years (field 121-123) and months (field 124-125) indicating the maximum
sentence length for the offense coded in Variable 14a, or as appropriate, use one of the codes:
o Zero-fill any year or month position that is not applicable; e.g., 6 years, 0 months is
coded "00600"; 2 months and 0 years is coded "00002".
(99996)
Maximum sentence is Life.
(99997)
Maximum sentence is Death.
(99994)
Maximum sentence is Life plus additional years.
(99993)
Maximum sentence is Life without parole.
(99999)
Maximum sentence is not known.
(00101)
One year and one day sentences
Additional Information
112
•
•
•
•
This is the maximum sentence imposed by the court for one specific offense and should not
reflect any statutory or administrative sentence reductions.
If the inmate has more than one sentence for the same type of offense, such as 2 years for one
burglary (or one count of burglary) and 3 years for another burglary (on another count of
burglary), the 3-year sentence would be reported for Variable 14b. Even if "burglary" was
entered only once in Variable 13 (because there were four or more offenses), the sentence length
of the identical offense should not be combined for Variable 14b.
If the offense reported in Variable 14a is one for which the inmate was previously placed on
parole or probation, provide the original maximum sentence not the part of the sentence
remaining to be served.
Please document any other code for life or death sentences that may appear on your file.
Examples
• A man enters prison to begin serving time for three sentences. He received 5 years for burglary, 3
years for auto theft, and 1 year for a minor drug violation. The sentences are to be served
consecutively and results in a TOTAL maximum sentence of 9 years. However, for Variable 14a
and 14b, you need to indicate the one specific offense with the longest sentence. The correct
response for Variable 14a is your state code for burglary, and for Variable 14b, "00500" (5 years).
• A man enters prison to begin serving time for two sentences. He received 5 years for burglary
and 5 years for drug trafficking, both sentences to be served concurrently. In your state, burglary
is considered more serious and to be the "controlling" offense. Therefore, for Variable 14a, you
would provide your state code for burglary, and enter "00500" (5 years) for Variable 14b.
• A woman enters prison to begin serving time for three counts of burglary. She received 6 years
for the first count, 6 years for the second, and 4 years for the third, all to be served consecutively.
Variable 14a would be your state code for burglary and Variable 14b would be "00600." Each
count is to be considered separately when it carries its own sentence length.
VARIABLE 15 - TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE LENGTH OF ALL
OFFENSES REPORTED IN VARIABLE 13
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The longest length of time as stated by the court that the offender could be required to serve for
all offenses even if they are not entered in Variable 13.
Character Position
• 126-130
Codes / Coding Information
113
•
Enter the number of years (field 126-128) and months (field 129-130) indicating the maximum
sentence length for all offenses, or as appropriate use one of the following codes:
o Zero-fill any year or month position that is not applicable; e.g., 6 years, 0 months is
coded "00600"; 2 months and 0 years is coded "00002".
(99996)
Maximum sentence is Life.
(99997)
Maximum sentence is Death.
(99994)
Maximum sentence is Life plus additional years.
(99993)
Maximum sentence is Life without parole.
(99999)
Maximum sentence is not known.
(00101)
One year and one day sentences
Additional Information
• This is the maximum sentence imposed by the court and should not reflect any statutory or
administrative sentence reductions.
• Do not reduce the court sentence.
• Do not subtract time credits.
• Do not subtract prior jail or prison time.
• If all or a portion of a maximum sentence has been conditionally suspended (that is, the sentenced
person may in the future be required to serve the suspended sentence or only a portion under
certain circumstances), enter as the "Maximum Sentence" the sum of the unsuspended and
suspended portions of the maximum sentence of each offense for which the inmate is currently in
prison.
• Do not report unconditionally suspended sentences.
• If all or a portion of a maximum sentence has been unconditionally suspended (that is, the person
cannot be required to serve the suspended sentence or any portion under any circumstances),
enter as the "Maximum Sentence" only the unsuspended portions of the sentences.
• For a split sentence or shock probation, enter as the maximum sentence the sum of the prison and
probation segments of the sentence(s).
• Provide the sum of sentences to be served consecutively. Do not add sentences to be served
concurrently.
Examples
• An inmate receives a sentence of 3 years for possession of marijuana, 2 years conditionally
suspended. He/she will be placed under the supervision of a parole officer after being imprisoned
for one year. The correct code for Variable 15 is "00300"; that is, if his behavior is not
satisfactory, he/she will serve 3 years in prison.
• A person receives a sentence of 5 years for burglary, one year unconditionally suspended. He/she
will receive no supervision during the one year regardless of his/her behavior. The correct code
for Variable 15 is "00400".
• A person receives a 10-year sentence for armed robbery, is paroled after 3 years, but returns to
prison on a technical violation 6 months later. The correct code for Variable 15 is "01000",
reflecting his/her original maximum sentence.
• A first offender receives a 5-year sentence for manslaughter, 90 days to be served in prison and
the remainder on probation. The correct code for Variable 15 is "00500".
114
•
•
An offender enters prison to serve 6 years on a burglary conviction and 5 years on a drug
conviction. The two sentences are to be served consecutively. The correct code for Variable 15
is "01100."
An offender enters prison to serve 6 years on a burglary conviction and 5 years on a drug
conviction. The two sentences are to be served concurrently. The correct code for Variable 15 is
"00600."
VARIABLE 17 - LOCATION WHERE INMATE IS TO SERVE SENTENCE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The type of facility in which the offender will be incarcerated to serve time for his/her crime.
Character Position
• 136-137
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
State Prison Facility. A state administered confinement facility having custodial authority
over persons sentenced to confinement.
(2)
Local Jail. A confinement facility administered by an agency of the local government
intended for adults but sometimes also houses juveniles, which holds persons detained
pending adjudication and persons committed after adjudication usually with sentences of a
year or less.
(3)
Other Specify. All other facilities except those specified above which house sentenced
prisoners. Provide documentation for the type of facility included in this category.
(4)
Mental Hospital. A confinement facility for the diagnosis or treatment of mentally ill
patients.
(5)
Medical Hospital. A facility designed for the treatment of persons with illnesses other than
mental disorders.
(6)
Rehabilitation Unit. A residential treatment facility designed for the care of patients with
drug or alcohol problems.
(57)
Federal Prison. A confinement facility administered by the Federal government having
custodial authority over persons sentenced to confinement.
(99)
Not Known. Location where the inmate is to serve his/her sentence is not known.
Additional Information
• If you need to report locations not covered by one of the codes, use another unique code and
define it in your documentation.
Examples
115
•
•
•
An offender is sentenced to serve 5 years for a possession of marijuana conviction. Due to prison
overcrowding he/she is to be housed in the local jail. The correct code is 02, "local jail."
An offender is admitted to prison to serve 5 years for a possession of marijuana conviction.
He/she is then placed in a drug treatment facility and will stay there through the completion of the
program - a minimum of 1 year. The correct code is 06, "Rehabilitation Unit."
An offender is sentenced to serve 5 years for a possession of marijuana conviction. He/she is to
serve his/her sentence in a Federal penitentiary. The correct code is 57, "Federal Prison."
VARIABLE 18 - ADDITIONAL OFFENSES SINCE ADMISSION DATE
SHOWN IN VARIABLE 8
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Any additional offense imposed after the date of admission, regardless of the date of the crime.
Character Position
• 138-143, 144-149
Codes / Coding Information
• Use your own state's offense codes, or as appropriate use one of the following codes:
o Right justify the first additional offense in field 138-143 and the second additional
offense in field 144-149.
o If there is a first additional offense but no second additional offense, code "999998" in
fields 144-149.
(000000) No additional sentences.
(999997) Additional sentence, but the additional offense(s) is not known.
(999999) Not known (it is not known whether there are additional sentences).
Additional Information
• If after admission, a revocation of parole or probation occurred and the inmate received a
sentence for violating his/her parole or probation, please specify your state codes for probation or
parole violation offenses as appropriate.
• If your own state codes exceed 6 digits, please contact the NCRP staff prior to your data
submission for specific instructions.
Examples
• A parolee is readmitted to prison for violating his/her parole. After three months in prison he/she
receives an additional 5 year sentence for a new burglary conviction. The correct code is your
state code for burglary.
116
VARIABLE 19 - ADDITIONAL SENTENCE TIME
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The maximum time the inmate may be incarcerated consecutive to the sentence length coded in
Variable 15.
Character Position
• 150-154
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the years (field 150-152) and months (field 153-154) indicating the additional sentence time
the inmate must serve, or as appropriate use one of the codes below.
o Zero-fill any parts of year or month entries which are not applicable; e.g., 6 years and 0
months is coded as "00600," 2 months and 0 years is coded as "00002."
(99996)
Additional sentence is Life.
(99997)
Additional sentence is Death.
(99994)
Additional sentence is Life plus additional years.
(99993)
Additional sentence is Life without parole.
(99999)
Additional sentence is not known.
(00000)
No additional sentence time or additional sentence is concurrent or Variable 19 is not
applicable.
Examples
• A parolee is readmitted to prison for violating his/her parole with 6 months remaining on his/her
sentence. After three months in prison, he/she receives an additional 5 year sentence for a new
burglary conviction to be served consecutive to the current sentence. The correct code is
“00500.”
• A parolee is readmitted to prison for violating his/her parole with 5 years remaining on his/her
sentence. After being admitted to prison, he/she receives an additional 5 year sentence for a new
burglary conviction to be served concurrent to the current sentence. The correct code is "00000."
VARIABLE 20 - PRIOR FELONY INCARCERATIONS
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
117
•
An offender who has ever been sentenced to confinement for a felony as a juvenile or adult prior
to his/her current prison admission (Variable 8).
Character Position
• 155
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes
(2)
No
(9)
Don’t Know
Additional Information
• Do not include detention before trial or sentencing.
• Do not report non-incarceration sentences such as probation, unless at some point prison time
occurred.
Examples
• Ten years ago, a man served 3 years in prison for robbery and was released, having satisfied the
conditions of his/her sentence. He/she is once again being admitted to begin serving time on a
new sentence. The correct code is 1, "Yes."
VARIABLE 21 - WAS INMATE AWOL OR DID (S)HE ESCAPE WHILE
SERVING SENTENCE(S)?
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The unlawful departure from physical custody or flight from the custody of correctional
personnel, or the failure to return from an authorized temporary absence.
Character Position
• 156
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes
(2)
No
(9)
Unknown
Additional Information
• Include in this category any inmate who escaped or was AWOL while serving time on this
sentence, regardless of whether they returned to prison or not.
Examples
118
•
An offender has completed his/her prison term of 5 years for larceny. During the first year of
his/her sentence, he/she escaped from prison and was returned soon thereafter. The correct value
is code 1, "Yes."
VARIABLE 22a AND 22b - WAS THIS PERSON ON COMMUNITY
RELEASE PRIOR TO PRISON RELEASE?
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Prior to release from the custody of a prison system, the inmate was concurrently under
community based supervision or placement.
Character Position
• 157, 158-160
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes
(2)
No
(9)
Don’t Know
• In field 158-160, right-justify and code the actual number of days the person was on community
release or "999" if the number of days is unknown.
• If code 2 is entered, fill fields 158-160 with 998.
• If code 9 is entered, enter 999 in field 158-160.
Additional Information
• This includes programs such as halfway houses, work furloughs, etc.
Examples
• An inmate is admitted from prison to the state work release program on February 1st of the
reporting year. He/she continues to serve his/her sentence while working in the community. On
March 1st of the same year, he/she is returned to prison in order to be released. The correct value
for Variable 22a is code 1 "Yes." In Variable 22b, the correct value is "028" for the number of
days on community release prior to prison release.
VARIABLE 23a - DATE OF RELEASE FROM PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
119
Definition
• The most recent calendar date that the state's prison custody terminated.
Character Position
• 161-168
Codes / Coding Information
• Provide month of release (January = 01, February = 02, etc.) in field 161-162.
• Provide day of release (01-31) in field 163-164.
• Provide the year of release (all 4 digits) in field 165-168.
• Code "99" in the respective field location if the month, day or year is unknown.
• Do not enter "00" for the day, month or year if it is unknown.
Additional Information
• On parole exit records, this is the most recent prison release date prior to the parole exit date on
the same record.
Examples
• An inmate was released to parole on June 3, 2009. The correct code is “06032009”
VARIABLE 23b - RELEASED FROM
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The facility that had been used for the custody or care of the offender just prior to release.
Character Position
• 169-170
Codes/Coding Information
(1)
State Prison Facility. A confinement facility administered by the state with custodial
authority over adults sentenced to confinement.
(2)
Local Jail. A confinement facility administered by an agency of the local government,
intended for adults but sometimes also containing juveniles (holds persons detained pending
adjudication and/or persons committed after adjudication, usually with sentences of a year or
less).
(3)
Other – Specify. All facilities except those listed above which house sentenced prisoners.
Provide documentation for the types of facilities you include in this category.
(4)
Halfway House. A long-term residential facility in which residents are allowed extensive
contact with the community (e.g., attending school).
120
(5)
(6)
(12)
(99)
Community Work Center or Work Release. A residential facility in which residents are
employed and allowed extensive contact with the community.
Pre-release Center. A residential facility in which inmates may be placed in order to seek
employment, housing, etc.
Federal Prison. A confinement facility administered by the Federal government with
custodial authority over persons sentenced to confinement.
Unknown. Information on the facility from which the inmate is released is not known.
Additional Information
• If you need to report locations not covered by the codes listed above, use another unique code and
define the code in the documentation you provide.
Examples
• An offender served a 2-year prison term for burglary in the local jail due to overcrowding at the
state penitentiary. The correct code is 02, Local Jail.
• An offender was sentenced to 18 months for a drug offense. The first 12 months were served in a
drug rehabilitation program in a county hospital. The offender then served the rest of his/her
sentence in prison. Code 01, State Prison Facility, is the correct code.
VARIABLE 24 - AGENCIES THAT ASSUME CUSTODY FOR THIS
PERSON AT THE TIME OF RELEASE
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Type and location of agency that assumes custody (physical or supervisory) over an inmate's
freedom at the time of prison release.
Character Position
• 171-172, 173-174, 175-176
Codes/Coding Information
(00)
None
(01)
Other Prison Outside of State
(02)
Other Prison - Federal System
(03)
Parole Within State (Include Parole Agencies in DOC)
(04)
Parole Outside State
(05)
Parole - Federal System
(06)
Probation within State
(07)
Probation Outside State
(08)
Probation Federal System
(09)
Mental/Medical Facility Within State
(10)
Mental/Medical Facility Outside of State
121
(11)
Mental/Medical Facility - Federal
(12)
Other Within State – Specify
(13)
Other Outside State – Specify
(14)
Other - Federal – Specify
(99)
Not Known
• If there is only one agency, enter "9898” in 173-176
• Use code "000000" if no agency assumes control for the inmate (e.g., expiration of sentence,
death, etc.).
Examples
• An inmate is released from a state prison to a detainer from Federal authorities. He/she is
transported to a Federal prison in another state. Code 02 "Other Prison, Federal" is correct.
• After serving two-thirds of his/her sentence, an offender is required by law to be placed on parole.
He/she will be supervised by the paroling authority of that state. Code 03, "Parole, Within State"
is correct.
VARIABLE 25 - TYPE OF RELEASE FROM PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Method of departure from the custody of your prison system on the reported date of release (in
variable 23a of the current record).
Character Position
• 177-178
Codes/Coding Information
(01)
(02)
(03)
(04)
(05)
(06)
Parole Board Decision. A conditional release granted by a board or commission that has the
authority to release adult prisoners to parole, to revoke parole, and to discharge an offender
from parole.
Mandatory Parole Release. A conditional release from prison which is mandated by law
rather than granted by a parole board.
Probation Release. A conditional release to court supervision or supervision by a probation
authority after the inmate is confined usually for a brief period in a prison facility. These
cases are often called "Split Sentences" or "Shock Probation."
Other Conditional Releases – Specify. All other conditional releases not covered by the
preceding categories. Always describe the nature of the release in your documentation.
Expiration of Sentence. The termination of the period of time an offender has been required
to serve in a state prison.
Commutation/Pardon. A reduction of the term of confinement or an executive order excusing
the remainder of the sentence and pardon resulting in immediate unconditional release.
122
(07)
(08)
(09)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(27)
(15)
(16)
(25)
(17)
(99)
Release to Custody, Detainer, or Warrant. Unconditionally releasing an inmate to custody of
another authority. The original prison authority relinquishes all claims upon the inmate.
Other Unconditional Release – Specify. All unconditional releases not covered by the
preceding three categories. Always document the nature of the release.
Death by Natural Causes. Death due to illness, old age, AIDS, etc.
Death by Suicide.
Death by Homicide by Another Inmate.
Death by Other Homicide. The death of an inmate caused by a person who is not an inmate
that is not legally justifiable.
Death by Execution
Death by Other – Specify. All deaths not covered by the preceding six categories. Always
document the manner of death. Use code 14 "Other" to report an inmate's death which is due
to accidental injury caused by another person (whether the other person is an inmate or not)
should be coded 14, "Other."
Death by Accidental Injury to Self. Death caused by the inmate accidentally injuring
himself/herself.
Transfer. The movement of a person from the custody of your state's correctional system to
the custody of another authority while serving the same sentence. Transfers are permanent or
indefinite releases for such purposes as long-term mental health commitment, safekeeping in
another state, or housing in a Federal facility.
Release on Appeal or Bond. An offender is released to seek or participate in an appeal of
his/her case and is not receiving credit on his/her sentence while out of confinement. If the
inmate is being given credit on the remainder of his/her time while out of confinement or
bond, or appealing his/her case, do not report a release.
AWOL/Escape. An inmate who is absent from your state's custody without leave or has
escaped from state prison. If your state reports AWOLs and Escapes as releases, you must
report their recapture as admissions.
Other – Specify. All other releases not specifically defined in the above categories. Specify in
your documentation the type of releases included in this category.
Not Known. The type of release from prison is not known.
Additional Information
• Verify that all releases included in the OTHER category are releases from the custody of this
prison system and releases of sentenced persons.
• For Code 16 do not include temporary movements to court (e.g., to testify or appear at a brief
hearing).
• Do include transfers to other states to continue serving a sentence.
• Do not include movements from prison to prison within your state.
• Do not include movements of state prisoners to local jails because the prison is crowded or for
such reasons as overcrowding, safekeeping, etc.
• State inmates housed in local jails are to be considered as state prison inmates.
• Do not include temporary absences for such reasons as court appearances, training or medical
care.
• A detainer is an official notice from one authority agency to another authority agency requesting
that a person wanted by them, but subject to the other agency's jurisdiction, not be released or
discharged without notification to the authority agency requesting the person.
123
•
•
•
•
The placing of a detainer is often, but not always, prior to the issuing of a warrant. Typical
reasons for the detainer are that the person is wanted for trial in the requesting jurisdiction or is
wanted to serve a sentence.
Conditional Release is the release from a federal or state correctional facility of a prisoner who
has not completed his/her sentence, and whose freedom is contingent upon obeying specified
rules of behavior while in the community. The offender can be re-incarcerated on current
sentence(s).
Persons on mandatory supervised parole are usually subject to the same conditions as parolees,
and can be returned to prison by a parole board decision for technical violations of release
conditions. However, the difference is that the release is not a discretionary decision of a
paroling authority.
If you need to report a type of release not defined by one of the codes provided, assign a unique
code and define it in your documentation.
Examples
• For Code 01 (Parole Board Decision),
o An inmate is granted a release by the Parole Board after serving 3 years of a 10 year
sentence. Enter code 01, "Parole Board Decision."
• For Code 02 (Mandatory Parole Release),
o An inmate received a 3 year sentence for heroin possession. The law requires that the
inmate be released to parole after serving a year. Enter code 02, "Mandatory Parole
Release."
• For Code 03 (Probation Release),
o An offender serves 180 days in prison and returns to court for a hearing. The judge
allows him/her to serve the remainder of his/her sentence on probation. The correct code
is 03, "Probation Release."
• For Code 05 (Expiration of Sentence),
o A person given a maximum sentence of 5 years for robbery is released, without parole
supervision, after serving 5 years. His/her release is code 05, "Expiration of Sentence."
o A person given a maximum sentence of 5 years for robbery is released without parole
supervision, after serving 3 1/2 years and receiving 1 1/2 years of irrevocable "Good
Time." His/her release is code 05, "Expiration of Sentence."
• For Code 06 (Commutation/Pardon),
o After the legislature reduced marijuana offenses from felonies to misdemeanors, the 15
year sentence of a person is reduced by the Governor to actual time served, 2 1/2 years,
and the inmate is unconditionally released. The correct code is 06,
"Commutation/Pardon."
• For Code 07 (Release to Custody, Detainer, or Warrant),
o A man is serving three years for armed robbery in Maine. Extradition papers from Texas
on another armed robbery charge await him, however, so he is released to Texas custody.
The correct code is 07, "Release to Custody, Detainer, or Warrant."
• For Code 15 (Transfer),
o An inmate is threatened by other inmates. He/she is transferred to the custody of another
state to complete his/her sentence. Enter code 15, "Transfer."
o On June 10th of the report year, a Texas inmate is sent from the state prison to the
Department of Corrections training school. On June 24th of the report year, the training
124
o
o
is completed and the inmate is sent back to the state prison. No admission or release
movement should be reported.
Due to crowding, a Maine inmate is transferred on June 6th of the report year from the
Maine State Correctional Center to the Maine State Prison. No admission or release
movement should be reported.
An inmate is admitted to a Rhode Island prison on February 1st of the report year, to
begin serving a three year sentence for armed robbery. On June 5th of the report year,
the inmate is transferred to a county detention facility for safekeeping. No admission or
release movement should be reported.
VARIABLE 26 - DATE OF EXIT FROM PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Date of exit from parole/post-confinement community supervision
Character Position
• 179-186
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (January = 01, February = 02, etc.) in fields 031-032; use “99” if the month is
unknown.
• Code the day (01-31) in fields 033-034; use “99” if the day is unknown.
• Code the year (all 4 digits) in fields 035-038; use “9999” if the year is unknown.
VARIABLE 27 - TYPE OF EXIT FROM PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Method of departure from the from parole/post-confinement community supervision on the
reported date of exit (in variable 26 of the current record).
• As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code
your agency’s parole exit type codes into the NCRP parole exit type categories listed below.
Character Position
• 187-188
Codes / Coding Information
125
(01)
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case Closed/Maximum
Date/Pardon/Court Order/Suspended Sentence
(02)
Discharged, Absconder. An illegal exit before the parolee’s community supervision
before sentence is complete.
(03)
Discharged or Transferred to Custody, Detainer, Warrant, Including Immigration and
Naturalization. Legal exit from state community supervision before sentence is complete to
transfer to another law enforcement agency.
(04)
Returned to Prison or Jail, New Sentence/Parole Merged with New Commitment
(05)
Returned to Prison or Jail, Parole Revocation
(06)
Returned to Prison or Jail, Revocation Pending
(07)
Returned to Prison or Jail, Charges Pending
(08)
Transferred to Another Jurisdiction. Parolee transferred to the jurisdiction of a different
state.
(09)
Death
(10)
Other (Document types of exits included in this category.)
(99)
Not Known
VARIABLE 28 - SUPERVISION STATUS JUST PRIOR TO RELEASE
Applies To
•
Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Prior to the parolee’s exit from state post-confinement community supervision, the type of
supervision he was under
• As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to recode your agency’s supervision status codes into the NCRP supervision status categories
listed below.
Character Position
• 189-190
Codes / Coding Information
(01)
(02)
(03)
(04)
(05)
(06)
(99)
Active
Inactive
Absconded. Illegal exit from parole.
Supervised Out of State
Other
Only have financial conditions remaining. New category for 2012. Parolee is not
being supervised other than making financial
Not Known
126
VARIABLE 29 – NCRP RECORD TYPE
Applies To
•
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Parole Exits (Part C)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The NCRP record type.
Character Position
• 191
Codes/Coding Information
• 1 if Prison Admission Record
• 2 if Prison Release Record
• 3 if Parole Exit Record
• 4 if Year-End Custody Population Record
VARIABLE 30 - INMATE STATE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Applies To
•
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Parole Exits (Part C)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The inmate's State Identification Number.
Character Position
• 192-206
Codes/Coding Information
• Put the inmate's 15-digit State Identification Number
Additional Information
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt
Associates and the Bureau of Justice Statistics as required by Title 42, United States
Code, Sections 3735 and 3789g.
• If your state's privacy or confidentiality requirements prevent the use of the inmate's State
Identification Number, leave this variable blank.
127
VARIABLE 31a – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
REPORTED IN VARIABLE 15 AN INDETERMINATE SENTENCE?
Applies To
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• A sentence in which the judge specifies a minimum and maximum prison term. An
administrative agency or parole board has the authority to release the offender from prison.
Character Position
• 207
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes
(2)
No
(9)
Don’t Know
Additional Information
• Enter “Yes” (1) for a variable if any part of the offender’s total maximum sentence meets
the definition of the variable.
• Enter “No” (2) for a variable only if it is known that none of the sentences the offender is
serving meets the definition of the variable.
• If the type of sentence information is not known for any one of multiple sentences an
inmate is serving, enter 9 (Not Known) for each variable for which “Yes” is not
reported.
Examples
•
•
An offender is serving a 10-year determinate sentence for robbery under a truth in
sentencing law, and a 5-year sentence for drug trafficking under a mandatory minimum
law.
o Enter “No” for variable 31a (indeterminate sentence),
o “Yes” for variable 31b (determinate sentence),
o “Yes” for Variable 31c (mandatory minimum sentence), and
o “Yes” for variable 31d (restricted by a truth in sentencing law).
An offender is serving a 10 to 15-year indeterminate sentence for vehicular homicide, a
5-year determinate sentence for reckless endangerment, and a 3-year determinate
sentence for driving under the influence of drugs. The 10 to 15-year indeterminate
sentence for vehicular homicide is restricted by a truth in sentencing law. The vehicular
homicide sentence is not a mandatory minimum, nor is the 5-year sentence for reckless
endangerment. It is not known whether the 3-year sentence for driving under the
influence of drugs is a mandatory minimum sentence. The correct entry is:
128
o
o
o
o
Variable 31a (indeterminate sentence) position 207 = 1 (Yes).
Variable 31b (determinate sentence) position 208 = 1 (Yes).
Variable 31c (mandatory minimum) position 209 = 9 (Not Known).
Variable 31d (truth in sentencing) position 210 = 1 (Yes).
VARIABLE 31b – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
REPORTED IN VARIABLE 15 A DETERMINATE SENTENCE?
Applies To
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• A sentence in which the judge sets a fixed prison term. The sentence may be reduced by good
time credits or earned time. An administrative agency, such as a parole board, does not have the
authority to release the offender from prison.
Character Position
• 208
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes
(2)
No
(9)
Don’t Know
Additional Information
• Enter “Yes” (1) for a variable if any part of the offender’s total maximum sentence meets
the definition of the variable.
• Enter “No” (2) for a variable only if it is known that none of the sentences the offender is
serving meets the definition of the variable.
• If the type of sentence information is not known for any one of multiple sentences an
inmate is serving, enter 9 (Not Known) for each variable for which “Yes” is not
reported.
Examples
•
•
An offender is serving a 10-year determinate sentence for robbery under a truth in
sentencing law, and a 5-year sentence for drug trafficking under a mandatory minimum
law.
o Enter “No” for variable 31a (indeterminate sentence),
o “Yes” for variable 31b (determinate sentence),
o “Yes” for Variable 31c (mandatory minimum sentence), and
o “Yes” for variable 31d (restricted by a truth in sentencing law).
An offender is serving a 10 to 15-year indeterminate sentence for vehicular homicide, a
5-year determinate sentence for reckless endangerment, and a 3-year determinate
129
sentence for driving under the influence of drugs. The 10 to 15-year indeterminate
sentence for vehicular homicide is restricted by a truth in sentencing law. The vehicular
homicide sentence is not a mandatory minimum, nor is the 5-year sentence for reckless
endangerment. It is not known whether the 3-year sentence for driving under the
influence of drugs is a mandatory minimum sentence. The correct entry is:
o Variable 31a (indeterminate sentence) position 207 = 1 (Yes).
o Variable 31b (determinate sentence) position 208 = 1 (Yes).
o Variable 31c (mandatory minimum) position 209 = 9 (Not Known).
o Variable 31d (truth in sentencing) position 210 = 1 (Yes).
VARIABLE 31c – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
REPORTED IN VARIABLE 15 A MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCE?
Applies To
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• A minimum sentence specified by statute for a particular crime.
Character Position
• 209
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes
(2)
No
(9)
Don’t Know
Additional Information
• Enter “Yes” (1) for a variable if any part of the offender’s total maximum sentence meets
the definition of the variable.
• Enter “No” (2) for a variable only if it is known that none of the sentences the offender is
serving meets the definition of the variable.
• If the type of sentence information is not known for any one of multiple sentences an
inmate is serving, enter 9 (Not Known) for each variable for which “Yes” is not
reported.
Examples
• An offender is serving a 10-year determinate sentence for robbery under a truth in
sentencing law, and a 5-year sentence for drug trafficking under a mandatory minimum
law.
o Enter “No” for variable 31a (indeterminate sentence),
o “Yes” for variable 31b (determinate sentence),
o “Yes” for Variable 31c (mandatory minimum sentence), and
o “Yes” for variable 31d (restricted by a truth in sentencing law).
130
•
An offender is serving a 10 to 15-year indeterminate sentence for vehicular homicide, a
5-year determinate sentence for reckless endangerment, and a 3-year determinate
sentence for driving under the influence of drugs. The 10 to 15-year indeterminate
sentence for vehicular homicide is restricted by a truth in sentencing law. The vehicular
homicide sentence is not a mandatory minimum, nor is the 5-year sentence for reckless
endangerment. It is not known whether the 3-year sentence for driving under the
influence of drugs is a mandatory minimum sentence. The correct entry is:
o Variable 31a (indeterminate sentence) position 207 = 1 (Yes).
o Variable 31b (determinate sentence) position 208 = 1 (Yes).
o Variable 31c (mandatory minimum) position 209 = 9 (Not Known).
o Variable 31d (truth in sentencing) position 210 = 1 (Yes).
VARIABLE 31d – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
REPORTED IN VARIABLE 15 A RESTRICTED BY TRUTH IN
SENTENCING LAW?
Applies To
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• A statute which mandates that a certain percentage of the court- imposed sentence be served in
prison.
Character Position
• 210
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes
(2)
No
(9)
Don’t Know
Additional Information
• Enter “Yes” (1) for a variable if any part of the offender’s total maximum sentence meets
the definition of the variable.
• Enter “No” (2) for a variable only if it is known that none of the sentences the offender is
serving meets the definition of the variable.
• If the type of sentence information is not known for any one of multiple sentences an
inmate is serving, enter 9 (Not Known) for each variable for which “Yes” is not
reported.
131
Examples
•
•
An offender is serving a 10-year determinate sentence for robbery under a truth in
sentencing law, and a 5-year sentence for drug trafficking under a mandatory minimum
law.
o Enter “No” for variable 31a (indeterminate sentence),
o “Yes” for variable 31b (determinate sentence),
o “Yes” for Variable 31c (mandatory minimum sentence), and
o “Yes” for variable 31d (restricted by a truth in sentencing law).
An offender is serving a 10 to 15-year indeterminate sentence for vehicular homicide, a
5-year determinate sentence for reckless endangerment, and a 3-year determinate
sentence for driving under the influence of drugs. The 10 to 15-year indeterminate
sentence for vehicular homicide is restricted by a truth in sentencing law. The vehicular
homicide sentence is not a mandatory minimum, nor is the 5-year sentence for reckless
endangerment. It is not known whether the 3-year sentence for driving under the
influence of drugs is a mandatory minimum sentence. The correct entry is:
o Variable 31a (indeterminate sentence) position 207 = 1 (Yes).
o Variable 31b (determinate sentence) position 208 = 1 (Yes).
o Variable 31c (mandatory minimum) position 209 = 9 (Not Known).
o Variable 31d (truth in sentencing) position 210 = 1 (Yes).
VARIABLE 32 – LENGTH OF COURT-IMPOSED SENTENCE TO
COMMUNITY SUPERVISION
Applies To
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The amount of time which the court states that the offender is required to serve under community
supervision after release from prison.
Character Position
• 211-215
Codes / Coding Information
• Enter the number of years (positions 211-213) and months (positions 214-215) indicating the
length of the court- imposed sentence to community supervision, or as appropriate use one of the
following codes:
(88888)
Court did not impose a sentence to community supervision.
(99999)
Sentence to community supervision is not known.
132
Additional Information
• This variable is applicable only if the court imposed a sentence to community supervision
that is separate from the sentence to prison.
• The sentence to post-incarceration community supervision may be in the form of parole,
probation, or other supervision in the community, as ordered by the court.
• This variable should be reported only if a sentence to community supervision was
imposed BY THE COURT. If the court did not impose a sentence to community
supervision, this variable should be reported as “not applicable”.
Examples
• The offender is sentenced by the court to serve a 5-year fixed prison term and an additional 2year term on community supervision after release from prison. The correct entry is “00200”.
• The offender is sentenced by the court to serve a 2 to 10-year sentence in prison. The court did
not sentence the offender to a separate term of community supervision. The term of community
supervision will be determined by an administrative agency, such as a parole board, when the
offender is approved for release from prison. The correct entry for this variable is code “88888".
VARIABLE 33 – PAROLE HEARING/ELIGIBILITY DATE
Applies To
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The date the offender is eligible for review by an administrative agency such as a parole board, to
determine whether he or she will be released from prison.
Character Position
• 216-223
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (position 216-217), day (position 218-219) and year (position 220-223)
indicating the parole eligibility date, or as appropriate use one of the following codes:
(88888888)
Decision to release an offender is not determined by a parole board.
(99999993)
Offender is expected to serve life without parole.
(99999997)
Offender is sentenced to death.
(99999999)
Parole eligibility date is not known.
Additional Information
• This variable is applicable only if the decision to release an offender is controlled by an
administrative agency such as a parole board.
• The parole hearing eligibility date should be calculated from the total maximum sentence
(variable 15) for all offenses. For the year-end custody record, report the next date the
inmate will be eligible for a parole hearing.
133
Examples
• An offender was admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, with a 15 years to life sentence for
second degree murder. The law states the offender is eligible for parole board release after
serving 85% of the minimum 15-year sentence (or 12 years 9 months). The parole eligibility
date is calculated by adding 12 years 9 months to the date of admission. The offender will be
eligible for parole board release on October 1, 2012. The correct entry for Variable 33 is
“10012012”.
• A judge sentences an offender to serve 2 to 4 years in prison for theft. The offender is eligible for
parole board release after the minimum 2-year sentence has been served. The offender was
admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, with 6 months in jail time credits. The parole eligibility
date is calculated by adding two years to the date of admission, and subtracting six months for
credited jail time. The parole eligibility date is July 1, 2000. The correct entry for Variable 33 is
“07012000”.
• An offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, with a 5 to 10-year prison sentence for
fraud. The offender is allowed to earn a maximum of 45 days good time for every 30 days
served. The law states non-violent offenders are eligible for parole board release when their good
time plus actual time served equals 1/4 of the minimum sentence. The offender’s good time plus
actual time served will equal 1/4 of the minimum sentence (15 months) when the offender has
served 6 months in prison. After serving 6 months the offender may have earned a maximum of
9 months good time credit. The parole eligibility date is calculated at 6 months from the date of
admission, or July 1, 1999. The correct entry for Variable 33 is “07011999”.
• An offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, with a 10-year sentence for aggravated
robbery. The law requires violent offenders to serve 50% of the sentence before they are eligible
for parole board release. Good time credits may be accrued only after 50% of the sentence has
been served. The parole eligibility date is 5 years from the date of admission, or January 1, 2004.
The correct entry for Variable 33 is “01012004”.
• While on parole, an offender is arrested for aggravated assault and is sentenced to a 10-year
prison term for the new offense. At sentencing, the offender’s parole is revoked with 2 years
remaining on a previous robbery sentence. The offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 1999
as a parole violator, with a 12-year total maximum sentence for both convictions. Good time
credits may be accrued only after 50% of the sentence has been served. The parole eligibility
date is 6 years from the date of admission, or January 1, 2005. The correct entry for Variable 33
is “01012005”.
VARIABLE 34 – PROJECTED RELEASE DATE
Applies To
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The projected date on which the offender will be released from prison.
Character Position
• 224-231
134
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (positions 224-225), day (positions 226-227) and year (positions 228-231)
indicating the projected release date, or as appropriate use one of the following codes:
(88888888)
Decision to release an offender is determined by a parole board.
(99999993)
Offender is expected to serve life without parole.
(99999997)
Offender is sentenced to death.
(99999999)
Projected release date is not known.
Additional Information
• Statutory requirements, good time credits, jail time credit, and any other factors which
might modify the prison release date should be included in this calculation.
• If an offender is serving time for more than one offense, the projected release date should
be calculated from the total maximum sentence (variable 15) for all offenses.
Codes / Coding Information
• An offender enters prison on January 1, 1999, with a 10-year sentence for armed robbery. At
sentencing, the offender received 6 months credit for time served in jail prior to being admitted to
prison. While in prison, the State allows inmate to earn one day work credit for every 3 days
served, not to exceed 15% of the sentence. The projected release date is calculated by subtracting
the 6 months jail credit and the 1 ½ years of available work credit from the 10-year prison
sentence. The offender’s projected release date is 8 years from the date of admission or January
1, 2007. The correct entry for Variable 34 is “01012007”.
• A judge sentences an offender to serve 10 years in prison for armed robbery. The offender is
admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, and is required by State law to serve 6/7 of the 10-year
sentence (8.57 years, or 8 years 6 months and 26 days). The offender’s projected release date is
8 years 6 months and 26 days from the date of admission or July 26, 2007. The correct entry for
Variable 34 is “07262007”.
• A judge sentences an offender to serve 2 to 6 years in prison for theft. The offender is admitted
to prison on January 1, 1999, and is given 3 years of good time credit (one-half the maximum
sentence). Assuming the offender does not lose any good time while incarcerated, he or she is
projected to be released after serving the remaining 3 years of the maximum sentence. The
projected release date is calculated as January 1, 2002. The correct entry for Variable 34 is
“01012002”.
• A judge sentences an offender to serve 5 to 10 years in prison for aggravated robbery. The
offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, and given 5 years of good time credit (one-half
the maximum sentence). After serving 8 years the offender has lost all good time credits due to
disciplinary actions. The offender is expected to expire the sentence, or serve the entire 10-year
maximum sentence, and release unconditionally from prison. The projected release date is 10
years from the date of admission or January 1, 2009. The correct entry for Variable 34 is
“01012009”.
• While on parole, an offender is arrested and convicted for armed robbery and sentenced to a 10year prison term for the new offense. The offender’s parole is revoked with 2 years remaining on
a pervious robbery sentence. The offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 1999 as a parole
violator, with a 12-year total maximum sentence for both robbery convictions. The offender is
given 6 years of good time credit at admission (one-half the total maximum sentence). The
135
projected release date is 6 years from the date of admission, or January 1, 2005. The correct entry
for Variable 34 is “01012005”.
VARIABLE 35 – MANDATORY RELEASE DATE
Applies To
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The date the offender by law must be conditionally released from prison.
Character Position
• 232-239
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (positions 232-233), day (positions 234-235) and year (positions 236-239)
indicating the mandatory release date, or as appropriate use one of the following codes:
(88888888)
Offender does not have a mandatory release date.
(99999993)
Offender is expected to serve life without parole.
(99999997)
Offender is sentenced to death.
(99999999)
Parole eligibility date is not known.
Additional Information
• This date should reflect jail time credits and any statutory or administrative sentence
reductions, including good time.
• The mandatory release date should be calculated from the total maximum sentence
(variable 15) for all offenses.
• This variable is intended to capture mandatory conditional release policies structured
around good time and other administrative sentence reductions.
• Do not enter the date the offender will expire the sentence (serve the entire sentence and
be released unconditionally from prison).
Examples
• An offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, with a 5 to 10-year prison sentence for
fraud. The law requires mandatory release for non-violent offenders when good time credits plus
actual time served in prison equals the maximum sentence. The offender is allowed to earn a
maximum of 45 days good time credit for every 30 days served. The mandatory release date is
calculated by determining the date the offender’s actual time served plus good time will equal the
maximum sentence. After serving 4 years, the offender will have earned a maximum of 6 years
in good time credit. The mandatory release date is 4 years from the date of admission, or January
1, 2003. The correct entry for Variable 35 is “01012003”.
136
VARIABLE 36 - PRISONER FIRST NAME
Applies To
•
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Parole Exits (Part C)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The first name of the inmate.
Character Position
• 240-279
Codes / Coding Information
• Record the prisoner’s first name.
Additional Information
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt
Associates and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in accordance with Title 42, United
States Code, Sections 3735 and 3789g.
• If the state’s privacy or confidentially requirements prevent use of the inmate’s name,
leave this variable blank.
VARIABLE 37 - PRISONER LAST NAME
Applies To
•
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Parole Exits (Part C)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The last name of the inmate.
Character Position
• 280-319
Codes / Coding Information
• Record the prisoner’s last name.
Additional Information
137
•
•
All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt
Associates and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in accordance with Title 42, United
States Code, Sections 3735 and 3789g.
If the state’s privacy or confidentially requirements prevent use of the inmate’s name,
leave this variable blank.
VARIABLE 38 – NAME OF FACILITY HOLDING PRISONER AT
YEAREND
Applies To
•
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Name of the facility in which the prisoner will be incarcerated at yearend.
Character Position
• 320-439
Codes / Coding Information
• Record the name of the facility.
VARIABLE 39 – FBI IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The unique identification number given by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to each prisoner
from the Interstate Identification Index.
Character Position
• 440-454
Codes / Coding Information
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt Associates
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics as required by Title 42, United States Code, Sections 3735
and 3789g.
• If your state's privacy or confidentiality requirements prevent the use of the inmate's FBI
Identification Number, leave this variable blank.
138
VARIABLE 40 – PRIOR SERVICE IN U.S. ARMED FORCES
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Did the inmate ever serve in the U.S. Armed Forces?
Character Position
• 455-455
Codes / Coding Information
(1)
Yes. Does not require that the inmate receive veterans’ benefits, nor that inmate served in a
conflict situation. Includes all branches of the military, including the Coast Guard.
(2)
No
(9)
Don’t Know
VARIABLE 41 – DATE OF LAST DISCHARGE FROM U.S. ARMED
FORCES
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The date the inmate was discharge from the U.S. Armed Forces for the final time.
Character Position
• 456-464
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (January = 01, February = 02, etc.) in fields 456-457; use “99” if the month is
unknown.
• Code the day (01-31) in fields 458-459; use “99” if the day is unknown.
• Code the year (all 4 digits) in fields 460-464; use “9999” if the year is unknown.
139
VARIABLE 42 – TYPE OF DISCHARGE FROM THE U.S. ARMED
FORCES
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• What was the type of discharge received by the inmate?
Character Position
• 465-465
Codes / Coding Information
(1) Honorable. Inmate received a rating from good to excellent for their service.
(2) General (honorable conditions). Inmate’s military performance was satisfactory.
(3) General (not honorable conditions). Inmate’s military performance was satisfactory but
marked by a considerable departure in duty performance and conduct expected of military
members
(4) Other than honorable. Inmate’s military performance was a serious departure from the
conduct and performance expected of all military members.
(5) Bad conduct. Only given by a court-martial.
(6) Dishonorable. May be rendered only by conviction at a general court-martial for serious
offenses that call for dishonorable discharge as part of the sentence
(7) Other
(9) Not Known
VARIABLE 43 – DATE OF ADMISSION TO PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The date the inmate was admitted to parole/post-confinement community supervision.
Character Position
• 466-473
Codes / Coding Information
• Code the month (January = 01, February = 02, etc.) in fields 466-467; use “99” if the month is
unknown.
• Code the day (01-31) in fields 468-469; use “99” if the day is unknown.
140
•
Code the year (all 4 digits) in fields 470-474; use “9999” if the year is unknown.
VARIABLE 44 – TYPE OF ADMISSION TO PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The reason an offender entered into parole/post-confinement community supervision on the date
provided in Variable 43 (Date of Admission to Parole) of the current record.
• As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code
your agency’s parole admission type codes into the NCRP parole admission type categories listed
below.
Character Position
• 474-474
Codes / Coding Information
(1) Discretionary release from prison. A person being admitted to parole based on the
decision of the Governor, parole board, or commutation of sentence.
(2) Mandatory release from prison. A person being admitted to parole based on a
determinate sentencing statute or good-time provision
(3) Reinstatement of parole. Persons returned to parole status, including discharged
absconders whose cases were reopened, revocations with immediate reinstatement,
and offenders reparoled at any time under the same sentence.
(4) Term of supervised release from prison. A person being admitted to parole based on a
judicial sentence of a fixed period of incarceration based on a determinate statute,
immediately followed by a period of supervised release.
(5) Other.
(9) Not known.
VARIABLE 45 - COUNTY WHERE PAROLEE WAS
RELEASED/COUNTY WHERE PAROLE OFFICE IS LOCATED
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The county where the parolee was released from parole/post-confinement community supervision
on the date in Variable 26.
• If this information is not available, please report the county where the parole office to which the
parolee reported before exit is located.
141
Character Position
• 475-479
Codes / Coding Information
• If the county is known, use the 5-digit FIPS code (see Chapter 3)
• If the state is known but not the county, left-justify the appropriate state code and fill record
position 003 to 005 with 9's.
• If neither the state nor the county is known, fill fields 001-005 with 9's.
142
CHAPTER 3: COUNTY CODES
This chapter contains the codes used for Variable 1 (County in which the sentence was imposed).
ALABAMA (01)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
01001
01003
01005
01007
01009
01011
01013
01015
01017
01019
01021
01023
01025
01027
01029
01031
01033
01035
01037
01039
01041
01043
01045
01047
01049
01051
01053
01055
01057
01059
01061
01063
01065
01067
01069
01071
01073
01075
01077
01079
01081
01083
01085
01087
01089
01091
01093
01095
01097
01099
01101
01103
01105
01107
01109
01111
01113
01115
01117
01119
01121
01123
01125
01127
01129
01131
01133
01999
Autauga
Baldwin
Barbour
Bibb
Blount
Bullock
Butler
Calhoun
Chambers
Cherokee
Chilton
Choctaw
Clarke
Clay
Cleburne
Coffee
Colbert
Conecuh
Coosa
Covington
Crenshaw
Cullman
Dale
Dallas
De Kalb
Elmore
Escambia
Etowah
Fayette
Franklin
Geneva
Greene
Hale
Henry
Houston
Jackson
Jefferson
Lamar
Lauderdale
Lawrence
Lee
County
Name
Limestone
Lowndes
Macon
Madison
Marengo
Marion
Marshall
Mobile
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Perry
Pickens
Pike
Randolph
Russell
St. Clair
Shelby
Sumter
Talladega
Tallapoosa
Tuscaloosa
Walker
Washington
Wilcox
Winston
State of Alabama, county not known
143
ALASKA (02)
County County
Code Name
02013
02016
02020
02050
02060
02068
02070
02090
02100
02110
02122
02130
02150
02164
02170
02180
02185
02188
02201
02220
02231
02240
02261
02270
02280
02282
02290
02999
Aleutians East*
Aleutians West
Anchorage*
Bethel
Bristol Bay*
Denali*
Dillingham
Fairbanks North Star*
Haines*
Juneau*
Kenai Peninsula*
Ketchikan Gateway*
Kodiak Island*
Lake and Peninsula*
Matanuska-Susitna*
Nome
North Slope*
Northwest Artic*
Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan
Sitka*
Skagway-Yakutat- Angoon
Southeast Fairbanks
Valdez-Cordova
Wade Hampton
Wrangell-Petersburg
Yakutat*
Yukon-Koyukuk
State of Alaska, county not known
*Borough
144
ARIZONA (04)
County County
Code Name
04001
04003
04005
04007
04009
04011
04012
04013
04015
04017
04019
04021
04023
04025
04027
04999
Apache
Cochise
Coconino
Gila
Graham
Greenlee
LaPaz
Maricopa
Mohave
Navajo
Pima
Pinal
Santa Cruz
Yavapai
Yuma
State of Arizona, county not known
145
ARKANSAS (05)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
05001
05003
05005
05007
05009
05011
05013
05015
05017
05019
05021
05023
05025
05027
05029
05031
05033
05035
05037
05039
05041
05043
05045
05047
05049
05051
05053
05055
05057
05059
05061
05063
05065
05067
05069
05071
05073
05075
05077
05079
05081
05083
05085
05087
05089
05091
05093
05095
05097
05099
05101
05103
05105
05107
05109
05111
05113
05115
05117
05119
05121
05123
05125
05127
05129
05131
05133
05135
05137
05139
05141
05143
05145
05147
05149
05999
Arkansas
Ashley
Baxter
Benton
Boone
Bradley
Calhoun
Carroll
Chicot
Clark
Clay
Cleburne
Cleveland
Columbia
Conway
Craighead
Crawford
Crittenden
Cross
Dallas
Desha
Drew
Faulkner
Franklin
Fulton
Garland
Grant
Greene
Hempstead
Hot Spring
Howard
Independence
Izard
Jackson
Jefferson
Johnson
Lafayette
Lawrence
Lee
Lincoln
Little River
Logan
Lonoke
Madison
Marion
Miller
Mississippi
County
Name
Monroe
Montgomery
Nevada
Newton
Ouachita
Perry
Phillips
Pike
Poinsett
Polk
Pope
Prairie
Pulaski
Randolph
St. Francis
Saline
Scott
Searcy
Sebastian
Sevier
Sharp
Stone
Union
Van Buren
Washington
White
Woodruff
Yell
State of Arkansas, county not known
146
CALIFORNIA (06)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
06001
06003
06005
06007
06009
06011
06013
06015
06017
06019
06021
06023
06025
06027
06029
06031
06033
06035
06037
06039
06041
06043
06045
06047
06049
06051
06053
06055
06057
06059
06061
06063
06065
06067
06069
06071
06073
06075
06077
06079
06081
06083
06085
06087
06089
06091
06093
06095
06097
06099
06101
06103
06105
06107
06109
06111
06113
06115
06999
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Contra Costa
Del Norte
El Dorado
Fresno
Glenn
Humboldt
Imperial
Inyo
Kern
Kings
Lake
Lassen
Los Angeles
Madera
Marin
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Modoc
Mono
Monterey
Napa
Nevada
Orange
Placer
Plumas
Riverside
Sacramento
San Benito
San Bernardino
San Diego
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo
San Mateo
Santa Barbara
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Shasta
Sierra
Siskiyou
County
Name
Solano
Sonoma
Stanislaus
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
Tuolumne
Ventura
Yolo
Yuba
State of California, county not known
147
CALIFORNIA YOUTH AUTHORITY (58)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
58001
58003
58005
58007
58009
58011
58013
58015
58017
58019
58021
58023
58025
58027
58029
58031
58033
58035
58037
58039
58041
58043
58045
58047
58049
58051
58053
58055
58057
58059
58061
58063
58065
58067
58069
58071
58073
58075
58077
58079
58081
58083
58085
58087
58089
58091
58093
58095
58097
58099
58101
58103
58105
58107
58109
58111
58113
58115
58999
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Contra Costa
Del Norte
El Dorado
Fresno
Glenn
Humboldt
Imperial
Inyo
Kern
Kings
Lake
Lassen
Los Angeles
Madera
Marin
Mariposa
Mendocino
Merced
Modoc
Mono
Monterey
Napa
Nevada
Orange
Placer
Plumas
Riverside
Sacramento
San Benito
San Bernardino
San Diego
San Francisco
San Joaquin
San Luis Obispo
San Mateo
Santa Barbara
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Shasta
Sierra
Siskiyou
County
Name
Solano
Sonoma
Stanislaus
Sutter
Tehama
Trinity
Tulare
Tuolumne
Ventura
Yolo
Yuba
CYA, county not known
148
COLORADO (08)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
08001
08003
08005
08007
08009
08011
08013
08014
08015
08017
08019
08021
08023
08025
08027
08029
08031
08033
08035
08037
08039
08041
08043
08045
08047
08049
08051
08053
08055
08057
08059
08061
08063
08065
08067
08069
08071
08073
08075
08077
08079
08081
08083
08085
08087
08089
08091
08093
08095
08097
08099
08101
08103
08105
08107
08109
08111
08113
08115
08117
08119
08121
08123
08125
08999
Adams
Alamosa
Arapahoe
Archuleta
Baca
Bent
Boulder
Broomfield City & County
Chaffee
Cheyenne
Clear Creek
Conejos
Costilla
Crowley
Custer
Delta
Denver
Dolores
Douglas
Eagle
Elbert
El Paso
Fremont
Garfield
Gilpin
Grand
Gunnison
Hinsdale
Huerfano
Jackson
Jefferson
Kiowa
Kit Carson
Lake
La Plata
Larimer
Las Animas
Lincoln
Logan
Mesa
Mineral
Moffat
Montezuma
Montrose
Morgan
Otero
Ouray
County
Name
Park
Phillips
Pitkin
Prowers
Pueblo
Rio Blanco
Rio Grande
Routt
Saguache
San Juan
San Miguel
Sedgwick
Summit
Teller
Washington
Weld
Yuma
State of Colorado, county not known
149
CONNECTICUT (09)
County County
Code Name
09001
09003
09005
09007
09009
09011
09013
09015
09999
Fairfield
Hartford
Litchfield
Middlesex
New Haven
New London
Tolland
Windham
State of Connecticut, county not known
150
DELAWARE (10)
County County
Code Name
10001
10003
10005
10999
Kent
New Castle
Sussex
State of Delaware, county not known
151
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (11)
County County
Code Name
11001 District of Columbia
152
FLORIDA (12)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
12001
12003
12005
12007
12009
12012
12013
12015
12017
12019
12021
12023
12025
12027
12029
12031
12033
12035
12037
12039
12041
12043
12045
12047
12049
12051
12053
12055
12057
12059
12061
12063
12065
12067
12069
12071
12073
12075
12077
12079
12081
12083
12085
12087
12089
12091
12093
12095
12097
12099
12101
12103
12105
12107
12109
12111
12113
12115
12117
12119
12121
12123
12125
12127
12129
12131
12133
12999
Alachua
Baker
Bay
Bradford
Brevard
Broward
Calhoun
Charlotte
Citrus
Clay
Collier
Columbia
Dade, Miami-Dade
De Soto
Dixie
Duval
Escambia
Flagler
Franklin
Gadsden
Gilchrist
Glades
Gulf
Hamilton
Hardee
Hendry
Hernando
Highlands
Hillsborough
Holmes
Indian River
Jackson
Jefferson
Lafayette
Lake
Lee
Leon
Levy
Liberty
Madison
Manatee
Marion
Martin
Monroe
Nassau
Okaloosa
Okeechobee
County
Name
Orange
Osceola
Palm Beach
Pasco
Pinellas
Polk
Putnam
St. Johns
St. Lucie
Santa Rosa
Sarasota
Seminole
Sumter
Suwannee
Taylor
Union
Volusia
Wakulla
Walton
Washington
State of Florida, county not known
153
GEORGIA (13)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
13001
13003
13005
13007
13009
13011
13013
13015
13017
13019
13021
13023
13025
13027
13029
13031
13033
13035
13037
13039
13043
13045
13047
13049
13051
13053
13055
13057
13059
13061
13063
13065
13067
13069
13071
13073
13075
13077
13079
13081
13083
13085
13087
13089
13091
13093
13095
13097
13099
13101
13103
13105
13107
13109
13111
13113
13115
13117
13119
13121
13123
13125
13127
13129
13131
13133
13135
13137
13139
13141
13143
13145
13147
13149
13151
13153
13155
13157
13159
13161
13163
13165
13167
13169
13171
13173
13175
13177
13179
13181
13183
13185
13187
Appling
Atkinson
Bacon
Baker
Baldwin
Banks
Barrow
Bartow
Ben Hill
Berrien
Bibb
Bleckley
Brantley
Brooks
Bryan
Bulloch
Burke
Butts
Calhoun
Camden
Candler
Carroll
Catoosa
Charlton
Chatham
Chattahoochee
Chattooga
Cherokee
Clarke
Clay
Clayton
Clinch
Cobb
Coffee
Colquitt
Columbia
Cook
Coweta
Crawford
Crisp
Dade
Dawson
Decatur
De Kalb
Dodge
Dooly
Dougherty
Douglas
Early
Echols
County
Name
Effingham
Elbert
Emanuel
Evans
Fannin
Fayette
Floyd
Forsyth
Franklin
Fulton
Gilmer
Glascock
Glynn
Gordon
Grady
Greene
Gwinnett
Habersham
Hall
Hancock
Haralson
Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jeff Davis
Jefferson
Jenkins
Johnson
Jones
Lamar
Lanier
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
Long
Lowndes
Lumpkin
154
GEORGIA (cont.)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
13189
13191
13193
13195
13197
13199
13201
13205
13207
13209
13211
13213
13215
13217
13219
13221
13223
13225
13227
13229
13231
13233
13235
13237
13239
13241
13243
13245
13247
13249
13251
13253
13255
13257
13259
13261
13263
13265
13267
13269
13271
13273
13275
13277
13279
13281
13283
13285
13287
13289
13291
13293
13295
13297
13299
13301
13303
13305
13307
13309
13311
13313
13315
13317
13319
13321
13999
McDuffie
McIntosh
Macon
Madison
Marion
Meriwether
Miller
Mitchell
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Murrary
Muscogee
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Paulding
Peach
Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Quitman
Rabun
Randolph
Richmond
Rockdale
Schley
Screven
Seminole
Spalding
Stephens
Stewart
Sumter
Talbot
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylor
Telfair
County
Name
Terrell
Thomas
Tift
Toombs
Towns
Treutlen
Troup
Turner
Twiggs
Union
Upson
Walker
Walton
Ware
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Wheeler
White
Whitfield
Wilcox
Wilkes
Wilkinson
Worth
State of Georgia, county not known
155
HAWAII (15)
County County
Code Name
15001
15003
15005
15007
15009
15999
Hawaii
Honolulu
Kalawao
Kauai
Maui
State of Hawaii, county not known
156
IDAHO (16)
County County
Code Name
16001
16003
16005
16007
16009
16011
16013
16015
16017
16019
16021
16023
16025
16027
16029
16031
16033
16035
16037
16039
16041
16043
16045
16047
16049
16051
16053
16055
16057
16059
16061
16063
16065
16067
16069
16071
16073
16075
16077
16079
16081
16083
16085
16087
Ada
Adams
Bannock
Bear Lake
Benewah
Bingham
Baline
Boise
Bonner
Bonneville
Boundary
Butte
Camas
Canyon
Caribou
Cassia
Clark
Clearwater
Custer
Elmore
Franklin
Fremont
Gem
Gooding
Idaho
Jefferson
Jerome
Kootenai
Latah
Lemhi
Lewis
Lincoln
Madison
Minidoka
Nez Perce
Oneida
Owyhee
Payette
Power
Shoshone
Teton
Twin Falls
Valley
Washington16999
State of Idaho, county not known
157
ILLINOIS (17)
County County
Code Name
County County
Code Name
17001
17003
17005
17007
17009
17011
17013
17015
17017
17019
17021
17023
17025
17027
17029
17031
17033
17035
17037
17039
17041
17043
17045
17047
17049
17051
17053
17055
17057
17059
17061
17063
17065
17067
17069
17071
17073
17075
17077
17079
17081
17083
17085
17087
17089
17091
17093
17095
17097
17099
17101
17103
17105
17107
17109
17111
17113
17115
17117
17119
17121
17123
17125
17127
17129
17131
17133
17135
17137
17139
17141
17143
17145
17147
17149
17151
17153
17155
17157
17159
17161
17163
17165
17167
17169
17171
17173
17175
17177
17179
17181
Adams
Alexander
Bond
Boone
Brown
Bureau
Calhoun
Carroll
Cass
Champaign
Christian
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Coles
Cook
Crawford
Cumberland
De Kalb
De Witt
Douglas
Du Page
Edgar
Edwards
Effingham
Fayette
Ford
Franklin
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
Grundy
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin
Henderson
Henry
Iroquois
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Jersey
Jo Daviess
Johnson
Kane
Kankakee
Kendall
Knox
Lake
La Salle
Lawrence
Lee
Livingston
Logan
McDonough
McHenry
McLean
Macon
Macoupin
Madison
Marion
Marshall
Mason
Massac
Menard
Mercer
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Moultrie
Ogle
Peoria
Perry
Piatt
Pike
Pope
Pulaski
Putnam
Randolph
Richland
Rock Island
St. Clair
Saline
Sangamon
Schuyler
Scott
Shelby
Stark
Stephenson
Tazewell
Union
158
ILLINOIS (17) (cont.)
County County
Code Name
17183
17185
17187
17189
17191
Vermilion
Wabash
Warren
Washington
Wayne
17193
17195
17197
17199
17201
17203
17999
White
Whiteside
Will
Williamson
Winnebago
Woodford
State of Illinois, county not known
159
INDIANA (18)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
18001
18003
18005
18007
18009
18011
18013
18015
18017
18019
18021
18023
18025
18027
18029
18031
18033
18035
18037
18039
18041
18043
18045
18047
18049
18051
18053
18055
18057
18059
18061
18063
18065
18067
18069
18071
18073
18075
18077
18079
18081
18083
18085
18087
18089
18091
18093
18095
18097
18099
18101
18103
18105
18107
18109
18111
18113
18115
18117
18119
18121
18123
18125
18127
18129
18131
18133
18135
18137
18139
18141
18143
18145
18147
18149
18151
18153
18155
18157
18159
18161
18163
18165
18167
18169
18171
18173
18175
18177
18179
18181
18183
18999
Adams
Allen
Bartholomew
Benton
Blackford
Boone
Brown
Carroll
Cass
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Crawford
Daviess
Dearborn
Decatur
De Kalb
Delaware
Dubois
Elkhart
Fayette
Floyd
Fountain
Franklin
Fulton
Gibson
Grant
Greene
Hamilton
Hancock
Harrison
Hendricks
Henry
Howard
Huntington
Jackson
Jasper
Jay
Jefferson
Jennings
Johnson
Knox
Kosciusko
Legrange
Lake
La Porte
Lawrence
Madison
Marion
County
Name
Marshall
Martin
Miami
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Newton
Noble
Ohio
Orange
Owen
Parke
Perry
Pike
Porter
Posey
Pulaski
Putnam
Randolph
Ripley
Rush
St. Joseph
Scott
Shelby
Spencer
Starke
Steuben
Sullivan
Switzerland
Tippecanoe
Tipton
Union
Vanderburgh
Vermillion
Vigo
Wabash
Warren
Warrick
Washington
Wayne
Wells
White
Whitley
State of Indiana, county not known
160
IOWA (19)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
19001
19003
19005
19007
19009
19011
19013
19015
19017
19019
19021
19023
19025
19027
19029
19031
19033
19035
19037
19039
19041
19043
19045
19047
19049
19051
19053
19055
19057
19059
19061
19063
19065
19067
19069
19071
19073
19075
19077
19079
19081
19083
19085
19087
19089
19091
19093
19095
19097
19099
19101
19103
19105
19107
19109
19111
19113
19115
19117
19119
19121
19123
19125
19127
19129
19131
19133
19135
19137
19139
19141
19143
19145
19147
19149
19151
19153
19155
19157
19159
19161
19163
19165
19167
19169
19171
19173
19175
19177
19179
19181
19183
Adair
Adams
Allamakee
Appanoose
Audubon
Benton
Black Hawk
Boone
Bremer
Buchanan
Buena Vista
Butler
Calhoun
Carroll
Cass
Cedar
Cerro Gordo
Cherokee
Chickasaw
Clarke
Clay
Clayton
Clinton
Crawford
Dallas
Davis
Decatur
Delaware
Des Moines
Dickinson
Dubuque
Emmet
Fayette
Floyd
Franklin
Fremont
Greene
Grundy
Guthrie
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin
Harrison
Henry
Howard
Humboldt
Ida
Iowa
Jackson
Jasper
County
Name
Jefferson
Johnson
Jones
Keokuk
Kossuth
Lee
Linn
Louisa
Lucas
Lyon
Madison
Mahaska
Marion
Marshall
Mills
Mitchell
Monona
Monroe
Montgomery
Muscatine
O'Brien
Osceola
Page
Palo Alto
Plymouth
Pocahontas
Polk
Pottawattamie
Poweshiek
Ringgold
Sac
Scott
Shelby
Sioux
Story
Tama
Taylor
Union
Van Buren
Wapello
Warren
Washington
161
IOWA (cont.)
County County
Code Name
19185
19187
19189
19191
19193
19195
19197
19999
Wayne
Webster
Winnebago
Winneshiek
Woodbury
Worth
Wright
State of Iowa, county not
known
162
KANSAS (20)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
20001
20003
20005
20007
20009
20011
20013
20015
20017
20019
20021
20023
20025
20027
20029
20031
20033
20035
20037
20039
20041
20043
20045
20047
20049
20051
20053
20055
20057
20059
20061
20063
20065
20067
20069
20071
20073
20075
20077
20079
20081
20083
20085
20087
20089
20091
20093
20095
20097
20099
20101
20103
20105
20107
20109
20121
20123
20125
20127
20129
20121
20123
20125
20127
20129
20131
20133
20135
20137
20139
20141
20143
20145
20147
20149
20151
20153
20155
20157
20159
20161
20163
20165
20167
20169
20171
20173
20175
20177
20179
20181
20183
20185
20187
Allen
Anderson
Atchison
Barber
Barton
Bourbon
Brown
Butler
Chase
Chautauqua
Cherokee
Cheyenne
Clark
Clay
Cloud
Coffey
Comanche
Cowley
Crawford
Decatur
Dickinson
Doniphan
Douglas
Edwards
Elk
Ellis
Ellsworth
Finney
Ford
Franklin
Geary
Gove
Graham
Grant
Gray
Greeley
Greenwood
Hamilton
Harper
Harvey
Haskell
Hodgeman
Jackson
Jefferson
Jewell
Johnson
Kearny
Kingman
Kiowa
County
Name
Labette
Lane
Leavenworth
Lincoln
Linn
Logan
Lyon
McPherson
Marion
Marshall
Meade
Miami
Mitchell
Montgomery
Morris
Morton
Nemaha
Neosho
Ness
Norton
Osage
Osborne
Ottawa
Pawnee
Phillips
Pottawatomie
Pratt
Rawlins
Reno
Republic
Rice
Riley
Rooks
Rush
Russell
Saline
Scott
Sedgwick
Seward
Shawnee
Sheridan
Sherman
Smith
Stafford
Stanton
163
KANSAS (cont.)
County County
Code Name
20189
20191
20193
20195
20197
20199
20201
20203
20205
20207
20209
20999
Stevens
Sumner
Thomas
Trego
Wabaunsee
Wallace
Washington
Wichita
Wilson
Woodson
Wyandotte
State of Kansas, county not
known
164
KENTUCKY (21)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
21001
21003
21005
21007
21009
21011
21013
21015
21017
21019
21021
21023
21025
21027
21029
21031
21033
21035
21037
21039
21041
21043
21045
21047
21049
21051
21053
21055
21057
21059
21061
21063
21065
21067
21069
21071
21073
21075
21077
21079
21081
21083
21085
21087
21089
21091
21093
21095
21097
21099
21101
21103
21105
21107
21109
21111
21113
21115
21117
21119
21121
21123
21125
21127
21129
21131
21133
21135
21137
21139
21141
21143
21145
21147
21149
21151
21153
21155
21157
21159
21161
21163
21165
21167
21169
21171
21173
21175
21177
21179
21181
21183
21185
21187
Adair
Allen
Anderson
Ballard
Barren
Bath
Bell
Boone
Bourbon
Boyd
Boyle
Braken
Breathitt
Breckinridge
Bullitt
Butler
Caldwell
Calloway
Campbell
Carlisle
Carroll
Carter
Casey
Christian
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Crittenden
Cumberland
Daviess
Edmonson
Elliott
Estill
Fayette
Fleming
Floyd
Franklin
Fulton
Gallatin
Garrard
Grant
Graves
Grayson
Green
Greenup
Hancock
Hardin
Harlan
Harrison
County
Name
Hart
Henderson
Henry
Hickman
Hopkins
Jackson
Jefferson
Jessamine
Johnson
Kenton
Knott
Knox
Larue
Laurel
Lawrence
Lee
Leslie
Letcher
Lewis
Lincoln
Livingston
Logan
Lyon
McCracken
McCreary
McLean
Madison
Magoffin
Marion
Marshall
Martin
Mason
Meade
Menifee
Mercer
Metcalfe
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Muhlenberg
Nelson
Nicholas
Ohio
Oldham
Owen
165
KENTUCKY (cont.)
County County
Code Name
21189
21191
21193
21195
21197
21199
21201
21203
21205
21207
21209
21211
21213
21215
21217
21219
21221
21223
21225
21227
21229
21231
21233
21235
21237
21239
21999
Owsley
Pendleton
Perry
Pike
Powell
Pulaski
Robertson
Rockcastle
Rowan
Russell
Scott
Shelby
Simpson
Spencer
Taylor
Todd
Trigg
Trimble
Union
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Whitley
Wolfe
Woodford
State of Kentucky, county
not known
166
LOUISIANA (22)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
22001
22003
22005
22007
22009
22012
22013
22015
22017
22019
22021
22023
22025
22027
22029
22031
22033
22035
22037
22039
22041
22043
22045
22047
22049
22051
22053
22055
22057
22059
22061
22063
22065
22067
22069
22071
22073
22075
22077
22079
22081
22083
22085
22087
22089
22091
22093
22095
22097
22099
22101
22103
22105
22107
22109
22111
22113
22115
22117
22119
22121
22123
22125
22127
22999
Acadia
Allen
Ascension
Assumption
Avoyelles
Beauregard
Bienville
Bossier
Caddo
Calcasieu
Caldwell
Cameron
Catahoula
Clairborne
Concordia
De Soto
East Baton Rouge
East Carroll
East Feliciana
Evanheline
Franklin
Grant
Iberia
Iberville
Jackson
Jefferson
Jefferson Davis
Lafayette
Lafourche
La Salle
Lincoln
Livingston
Madison
Morehouse
Natchitoches
Orleans
Ouachita
Plaquemines
Pointe Coupee
Rapides
Red River
Richland
Sabine
St. Bernard
St. Charles
St. Helena
St. James
County
Name
St. John the Baptist
St. Landry
St. Martin
St. Mary
St. Tammany
Tangipahoa
Tensas
Terrebonne
Union
Vermilion
Vernon
Washington
Webster
West Baton Rouge
West Carroll
West Feliciana
Winn
State of Louisiana, county not known
167
MAINE (23)
County County
Code Name
23001
23003
23005
23007
23009
23011
23013
23015
23017
23019
23021
23023
23025
23027
23029
23031
23999
Androscoggin
Aroostook
Cumberland
Franklin
Hancock
Kennebec
Knox
Lincoln
Oxford
Penobscot
Piscataquis
Sagadahoc
Somerset
Waldo
Washington
York
State of Maine, county not known
168
MARYLAND (24)
County County
Code Name
24001
24003
24005
24009
24011
24013
24015
24017
24019
24021
24023
24025
24027
24029
24031
24033
24035
24037
24039
24941
24043
24045
24047
24999
Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore
Calvert
Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester
Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent
Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset
Talbot
Washington
Wicomico
Worcester
State of Maryland, county not known
INDEPENDENT CITY
24510
Baltimore
169
MASSACHUSETTS (25)
County County
Code Name
25001
25003
25005
25007
25009
25011
25013
25015
25017
25019
25021
25023
25025
25027
25999
Barnstable
Berkshire
Bristol
Dukes
Essex
Franklin
Hampden
Hampshire
Middlesex
Nantucket
Norfolk
Plymouth
Suffolk
Worcester
State of Massachusetts, county not known
170
MICHIGAN (26)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
26001
26003
26005
26007
26009
26011
26013
26015
26017
26019
26021
26023
26025
26027
26029
26031
26033
26035
26037
26039
26041
26043
26045
26047
26049
26051
26053
26055
26057
26059
26061
26063
26065
26067
26069
26071
26073
26075
26077
26079
26081
26083
26085
26087
26089
26091
26093
26095
26097
26099
26101
26103
26105
26107
26109
26111
26113
26115
26117
26119
26121
26123
26125
26127
26129
26131
26133
26135
26137
26139
26141
26143
26145
26147
26149
26151
26153
26155
26157
26159
26161
26163
26165
26999
Alcona
Alger
Allegan
Alpena
Antrim
Arenac
Baraga
Barry
Bay
Benzie
Berrien
Branch
Calhoun
Cass
Charlevoix
Cheboygan
Chippewa
Clare
Clinton
Crawford
Delta
Dickinson
Eaton
Emmet
Genesee
Gladwin
Gogebic
Grand Traverse
Gratiot
Hillsdale
Houghton
Huron
Ingham
Ionia
Iosco
Iron
Isabella
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Kalkaska
Kent
Keweenaw
Lake
Lapeer
Leelanau
Lenawee
Livingston
County
Name
Luce
Mackinac
Macomb
Manistee
Marquette
Mason
Mecosta
Menominee
Midland
Missaukee
Monroe
Montcalm
Montmorency
Muskegon
Newaygo
Oakland
Oceana
Ogemaw
Ontonagon
Osceola
Oscoda
Otsego
Ottawa
Presque Isle
Roscommon
Saginaw
St. Clair
St. Joseph
Sanilac
Schoolcraft
Shiawassee
Tuscola
Van Buren
Washtenaw
Wayne
Wexford
State of Michigan, county not known
171
MINNESOTA (27)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
27001
27003
27005
27007
27009
27011
27013
27015
27017
27019
27021
27023
27025
27027
27029
27031
27033
27035
27037
27039
27041
27043
27045
27047
27049
27051
27053
27055
27057
27059
27061
27063
27065
27067
27069
27071
27073
27075
27077
27079
27081
27083
27085
27087
27089
27091
27093
27095
27097
27099
27101
27103
27105
27107
27109
27111
27113
27115
27117
27119
27121
27123
27125
27127
27129
27131
27133
27135
27137
27139
27141
27143
27145
27147
27149
27151
27153
27155
27157
27159
27161
27163
27165
27167
27169
27171
27173
27999
Aitkin
Anoka
Becker
Beltrami
Benton
Big Stone
Blue Earth
Brown
Carlton
Carver
Cass
Chippewa
Chisago
Clay
Clearwater
Cook
Cottonwood
Crow Wing
Dakota
Dodge
Douglas
Faribault
Fillmore
Freeborn
Goodhue
Grant
Hennepin
Houston
Hubbard
Isanti
Itasca
Jackson
Kanabec
Kandiyohi
Kittson
Koochiching
Lac qui Parle
Lake
Lake of the Woods
Le Sueur
Lincoln
Lyon
McLeod
Mahnomen
Marshall
Martin
Meeker
County
Name
Mille Lacs
Morrison
Mower
Murray
Nicollet
Nobles
Norman
Olmsted
Otter Tail
Pennington
Pine
Pipestone
Polk
Pope
Ramsey
Red Lake
Redwood
Renville
Rice
Rock
Roseau
St. Louis
Scott
Sherburne
Sibley
Sterns
Steele
Stevens
Swift
Todd
Traverse
Wabasha
Wadena
Waseca
Washington
Watonwan
Wilkin
Winona
Wright
Yellow Medicine
State of Minnesota, county not known
172
MISSISSIPPI (28)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
28001
28003
28005
28007
28009
28011
28013
28015
28017
28019
28021
28023
28025
28027
28029
28031
28033
28035
28037
28039
28041
28043
28045
28047
28049
28051
28053
28055
28057
28059
28061
28063
28065
28067
28069
28071
28073
28075
28077
28079
28081
28083
28085
28087
28089
28091
28093
28095
28097
28099
28101
28103
28105
28107
28109
28111
28113
28115
28117
28119
28121
28123
28125
28127
28129
28131
28133
28135
28137
28139
28141
28143
28145
28147
28149
28151
28153
28155
28157
28159
28161
28163
28999
Adams
Alcorn
Amite
Attala
Benton
Bolivar
Calhoun
Carroll
Chickasaw
Choctaw
Clairborne
Clarke
Clay
Coahoma
Copiah
Covington
De Soto
Forrest
Franklin
George
Greene
Grenada
Hancock
Harrison
Hinds
Holmes
Humphreys
Issaquena
Itawamba
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Jefferson Davis
Jones
Kemper
Lafayette
Lamar
Lauderdale
Lawrence
Leake
Lee
Leflore
Lincoln
Lowndes
Madison
Marion
Marshall
County
Name
Monroe
Montgomery
Neshoba
Newton
Noxubee
Oktibbeha
Panola
Pearl River
Perry
Pike
Pontotoc
Prentiss
Quitman
Rankin
Scott
Sharkey
Simpson
Smith
Stone
Sunflower
Tallahatchie
Tate
Tippah
Tishomingo
Tunica
Union
Walthall
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Wilkinson
Winston
Yalobusha
Yazoo
State of Mississippi, county not known
173
MISSOURI (29)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
29001
29003
29005
29007
29009
29011
29013
29015
29017
29019
29021
29023
29025
29027
29029
29031
29033
29035
29037
29039
29041
29043
29045
29047
29049
29051
29053
29055
29057
29059
29061
29063
29065
29067
29069
29071
29073
29075
29077
29079
29081
29083
29085
29087
29089
29091
29093
29095
29097
29099
29101
29103
29105
29107
29109
29111
29113
29115
29117
29119
29121
29123
29125
29127
29129
29131
29133
29135
29137
29139
29141
29143
29145
29147
29149
29151
29153
29155
29157
29159
29161
29163
29165
29167
29169
29171
29173
29175
29177
29179
29181
29183
29185
29186
Adair
Andrew
Atchison
Audrain
Barry
Barton
Bates
Benton
Bollinger
Boone
Buchanan
Butler
Caldwell
Callaway
Camden
Cape Girardeau
Carroll
Carter
Cass
Cedar
Chariton
Christian
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Cole
Cooper
Crawford
Dade
Dallas
Daviess
De Kalb
Dent
Douglas
Dunklin
Franklin
Gasconade
Gentry
Greene
Grundy
Harrison
Henry
Hickory
Holt
Howard
Howell
Iron
Jackson
Jasper
County
Name
Jefferson
Johnson
Knox
Laclede
Lafayette
Lawrence
Lewis
Lincoln
Linn
Livingston
McDonald
Macon
Madison
Maries
Marion
Mercer
Miller
Mississippi
Moniteau
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
New Madrid
Newton
Nodaway
Oregon
Osage
Ozark
Pemiscot
Perry
Pettis
Phelps
Pike
Platte
Polk
Pulaski
Putnam
Ralls
Randolph
Ray
Reynolds
Ripley
St. Charles
St. Clair
St. Genevieve
174
MISSOURI (cont.)
County County
Code Name
29187
29189
29195
29197
29199
29201
29203
29205
29207
29209
29211
29213
29215
29217
29219
29221
29223
29225
29227
29229
29999
St. Francois
St. Louis
Saline
Schuyler
Scotland
Scott
Shannon
Shelby
Stoddard
Stone
Sullivan
Taney
Texas
Vernon
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Worth
Wright
State of Missouri, county not
known
INDEPENDENT CITY
29510
St. Louis
175
MONTANA (30)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
30001
30003
30005
30007
30009
30011
30013
30015
30017
30019
30021
30023
30025
30027
30029
30031
30033
30035
30037
30039
30041
30043
30045
30047
30049
30051
30053
30055
30057
30059
30061
30063
30065
30067
30069
30071
30073
30075
30077
30079
30081
30083
30085
30087
30089
30091
30093
30095
30097
30099
30101
30103
30105
30107
30109
30111
30113
30999
Beaverhead
Big Horn
Blaine
Broadwater
Carbon
Carter
Cascade
Chouteau
Custer
Daniels
Dawson
Deer Lodge
Fallon
Fergus
Flathead
Gallatin
Garfield
Glacier
Golden Valley
Granite
Hill
Jefferson
Judith Basin
Lake
Lewis and Clark
Liberty
Lincoln
McCone
Madison
Meagher
Mineral
Missoula
Musselshell
Park
Petroleum
Phillips
Pondera
Powder River
Powell
Prairie
Ravalli
Richland
Roosevelt
Rosebud
Sanders
Sheridan
Silver Bow
County
Name
Stillwater
Sweet Grass
Teton
Toole
Treasure
Valley
Wheatland
Wibaux
Yellowstone
Yellowstone National Park
State of Montana, county not known
176
NEBRASKA (31)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
31001
31003
31005
31007
31009
31011
31013
31015
31017
31019
31021
31023
31025
31027
31029
31031
31033
31035
31037
31039
31041
31043
31045
31047
31049
31051
31053
31055
31057
31059
31061
31063
31065
31067
31069
31071
31073
31075
31077
31079
31081
31083
31085
31087
31089
31091
31093
31095
31097
31099
31101
31103
31105
31107
31109
31111
31113
31115
31117
31119
31121
31123
31125
31127
31129
31131
31133
31135
31137
31139
31141
31143
31145
31147
31149
31151
31153
31155
31157
31159
31161
31163
31165
31167
31169
31171
31173
31175
31177
31179
31181
31183
31185
31999
Adams
Antelope
Arthur
Banner
Blaine
Boone
Box Butte
Boyd
Brown
Buffalo
Burt
Butler
Cass
Cedar
Chase
Cherry
Cheyenne
Clay
Colfax
Cuming
Custer
Dakota
Dawes
Dawson
Deuel
Dixon
Dodge
Douglas
Dundy
Fillmore
Franklin
Frontier
Furnas
Gage
Garden
Garfield
Gosper
Grant
Greeley
Hall
Hamilton
Harlan
Hayes
Hitchcock
Holt
Hooker
Howard
Jefferson
Johnson
County
Name
Kearney
Keith
Keya Paha
Kimball
Knox
Lancaster
Lincoln
Logan
Loup
McPherson
Madison
Merrick
Morrill
Nance
Memaha
Nuckolls
Otoe
Pawnee
Perkins
Phelps
Pierce
Platte
Polk
Red Willow
Richardson
Rock
Saline
Sarpy
Saunders
Scotts Bluff
Seward
Sheridan
Sherman
Sioux
Stanton
Thayer
Thomas
Thurston
Valley
Washington
Wayne
Webster
Wheeler
York
State of Nebraska, county not known
177
NEVADA (32)
County County
Code Name
32001
32003
32005
32007
32009
32012
32013
32015
32017
32019
32021
32023
32027
32029
32031
32033
32999
Churchill
Clark
Douglas
Elko
Esmeralda
Eureka
Humboldt
Lander
Lincoln
Lyon
Mineral
Nye
Pershing
Storey
Washoe
White Pine
State of Nevada, county not known
INDEPENDENT CITY
32510 Carson City
178
NEW HAMPSHIRE (33)
County County
Code Name
33001
33003
33005
33007
33009
33011
33013
33015
33017
33019
33999
Belknap
Carroll
Cheshire
Coos
Grafton
Hillsborough
Merrimack
Rockingham
Strafford
Sullivan
State of New Hampshire, county not known
179
NEW JERSEY (34)
County County
Code Name
34001
34003
34005
34007
34009
34011
34013
34015
34017
34019
34021
34023
34025
34027
34029
34031
34033
34035
34037
34039
34041
34999
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
State of New Jersey, county not known
180
NEW MEXICO (35)
County County
Code Name
35001
35003
35005
35006
35007
35009
35011
35013
35015
35017
35019
35021
35023
35025
35027
35028
35029
35031
35033
35035
35037
35039
35041
35043
35045
35047
35049
35051
35053
35055
35057
35059
35061
35999
County
Code
County
Name
Bernalillo
Catron
Chaves
Cibola
Colfax
Curry
De Baca
Dona Ana
Eddy
Grant
Guadalupe
Harding
Hidalgo
Lea
Lincoln
Los Alamos
Luna
McKinley
Mora
Otero
Quay
Rio Arriba
Roosevelt
Sandoval
San Juan
San Miguel
Santa Fe
Sierra
Socorro
Taos
Torrance
Union
Valencia
State of New Mexico, county
not known
181
NEW YORK (36)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
36001
36003
36005
36007
36009
36011
36013
36015
36017
36019
36021
36023
36025
36027
36029
36031
36033
36035
36037
36039
36041
36043
36045
36047
36049
36051
36053
36055
36057
36059
36061
36063
36065
36067
36069
36071
36073
36075
36077
36079
36081
36083
36085
36087
36089
36091
36093
36095
36097
36099
36101
36103
36105
36107
36109
36111
36113
36115
36117
36119
36121
36123
36999
Albany
Allegany
Bronx
Broome
Cattaraugus
Cayuga
Chautauqua
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Genesee
Greene
Hamilton
Herkimer
Jefferson
Kings
Lewis
Livingston
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery
Nassau
New York
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
Rensselear
Richmond
Rockland
St. Lawrence
Saratoga
Schenectady
County
Name
Schoharie
Schuyler
Seneca
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Westchester
Wyoming
Yates
State of New York, county not known
182
NORTH CAROLINA (37)
County County
Code Name
37001
37003
37005
37007
37009
37011
37013
37015
37017
37019
37021
37023
37025
37027
37029
37031
37033
37035
37037
37039
37041
37043
37045
37047
37049
37051
37053
37055
37057
37059
37061
37063
37065
37067
37069
37071
37073
37075
37077
37079
37081
37083
37085
37087
37089
37091
37093
37095
37097
Alamance
Alexander
Alleghany
Anson
Ashe
Avery
Beaufort
Bertie
Bladen
Brunswick
Buncombe
Burke
Cabarrus
Caldwell
Camden
Carteret
Caswell
Catawba
Chatham
Cherokee
Chowan
Clay
Cleveland
Columbus
Craven
Cumberland
Currituck
Dare
Davidson
Davie
Duplin
Durham
Edgecombe
Forsyth
Franklin
Gaston
Gates
Graham
Granville
Greene
Guilford
Halifax
Harnett
Haywood
Henderson
Hertford
Hoke
Hyde
Iredell
County
Code
37099
37101
37103
37105
37107
37109
37111
37113
37115
37117
37119
37121
37123
37125
37127
37129
37131
37133
37135
37137
37139
37141
37143
37145
37147
37149
37151
37153
37155
37157
37159
37161
37163
37165
37167
37169
37171
37173
37175
37177
37179
37181
37183
37185
37187
County
Name
Jackson
Johnston
Jones
Lee
Lenoir
Lincoln
McDowell
Macon
Madison
Martin
Mecklenburg
Mitchell
Montgomery
Moore
Nash
New Hanover
Northampton
Onslow
Orange
Pamlico
Pasquotank
Pender
Perquimans
Person
Pitt
Polk
Randolph
Richmond
Robeson
Rockingham
Rowan
Rutherford
Sampson
Scotland
Stanly
Stokes
Surry
Swain
Transylvania
Tyrrell
Union
Vance
Wake
Warren
Washington
183
NORTH CAROLINA (cont.)
County County
Code Name
37189
37191
37193
37195
37197
37199
37999
Watauga
Wayne
Wilkes
Wilson
Yadkin
Yancey
State of North Carolina, county
not known
184
NORTH DAKOTA (38)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
38001
38003
38005
38007
38009
38011
38013
38015
38017
38019
38021
38023
38025
38027
38029
38031
38033
38035
38037
38039
38041
38043
38045
38047
38049
38051
38053
38055
38057
38059
38061
38063
38065
38067
38069
38071
38073
38075
38077
38079
38081
38083
38085
38087
38089
38091
38093
38095
38097
38099
38101
38103
38105
38999
Adams
Barnes
Benson
Billings
Bottineau
Bowman
Burke
Burleigh
Cass
Cavalier
Dickey
Divide
Dunn
Eddy
Emmons
Foster
Golden Valley
Grand Forks
Grant
Griggs
Hettinger
Kidder
La Moure
Logan
McHenry
McIntosh
McKenzie
McLean
Mercer
Morton
Mountrail
Nelson
Oliver
Pembina
Pierce
Ramsey
Ransom
Renville
Richland
Rolette
Sargent
Sheridan
Sioux
Slope
Stark
Steele
Stutsman
County
Name
Towner
Traill
Walsh
Ward
Wells
Williams
State of North Dakota, county not known
185
OHIO (39)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
39001
39003
39005
39007
39009
39011
39013
39015
39017
39019
39021
39023
39025
39027
39029
39031
39033
39035
39037
39039
39041
39043
39045
39047
39049
39051
39053
39055
39057
39059
39061
39063
39065
39067
39069
39071
39073
39075
39077
39079
39081
39083
39085
39087
39089
39091
39093
39095
39097
39099
39101
39103
39105
39107
39109
39111
39113
39115
39117
39119
39121
39123
39125
39127
39129
39131
39133
39135
39137
39139
39141
39143
39145
39147
39149
39151
39153
39155
39157
39159
39161
39163
39165
39167
39169
39171
39173
39175
39999
Adams
Allen
Ashland
Ashtabula
Athens
Auglaize
Belmont
Brown
Butler
Carroll
Champaign
Clark
Clermont
Clinton
Columbiana
Coshocton
Crawford
Cuyahoga
Darke
Defiance
Delaware
Erie
Fairfield
Fayette
Franklin
Fulton
Gallia
Geauga
Greene
Guernsey
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin
Harrison
Henry
Highland
Hocking
Holmes
Huron
Jackson
Jefferson
Knox
Lake
Lawrence
Licking
Logan
Lorain
County
Name
Lucas
Madison
Mahoning
Marion
Medina
Meigs
Mercer
Miami
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan
Morrow
Muskingum
Noble
Ottawa
Paulding
Perry
Pickaway
Pike
Portage
Preble
Putnam
Richland
Ross
Sandusky
Scioto
Seneca
Shelby
Stark
Summit
Trumbull
Tuscarawas
Union
Van Wert
Vinton
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Williams
Wood
Wyandot
State of Ohio, county not known
186
OKLAHOMA (40)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
40001
40003
40005
40007
40009
40011
40013
40015
40017
40019
40021
40023
40025
40027
40029
40031
40033
40035
40037
40039
40041
40043
40045
40047
40049
40051
40053
40055
40057
40059
40061
40063
40065
40067
40069
40071
40073
40075
40077
40079
40081
40083
40085
40087
40089
40091
40093
40095
40097
40099
40101
40103
40105
40107
40109
40111
40113
40115
40117
40119
40121
40123
40125
40127
40129
40131
40133
40135
40137
40139
40141
40143
40145
40147
40149
40151
40153
40999
Adair
Alfalfa
Atoka
Beaver
Beckham
Blaine
Bryan
Caddo
Canadian
Carter
Cherokee
Choctaw
Cimarron
Cleveland
Coal
Comanche
Cotton
Craig
Creek
Custer
Delaware
Dewey
Ellis
Garfield
Garvin
Grady
Grant
Greer
Harmon
Harper
Haskell
Hughes
Jackson
Jefferson
Johnston
Kay
Kingfisher
Kiowa
Latimer
Le Flore
Lincoln
Logan
Love
McLain
McCurtain
McIntosh
Major
County
Name
Marshall
Mayes
Murray
Muskogee
Noble
Nowata
Okfuskee
Oklahoma
Okmulgee
Osage
Ottawa
Pawnee
Payne
Pittsburgh
Pontotoc
Pottawatomie
Pushmataha
Roger Mills
Rogers
Seminole
Sequoyah
Stephens
Texas
Tillman
Tulsa
Wagoner
Washington
Washita
Woods
Woodward
State of Oklahoma, county not known
187
OREGON (41)
County County
Code Name
41001
41003
41005
41007
41009
41011
41013
41015
41017
41019
41021
41023
41025
41027
41029
41031
41033
41035
41037
41039
41041
41043
41045
41047
41049
41051
41053
41055
41057
41059
41061
41063
41065
41067
41069
41071
41999
Baker
Benton
Clackemas
Clatsop
Columbia
Coos
Crook
Curry
Deschutes
Douglas
Gilliam
Grant
Harney
Hood River
Jackson
Jefferson
Josephine
Klamath
Lake
Lane
Lincoln
Linn
Malheur
Marion
Morrow
Multnomah
Polk
Sherman
Tillamook
Umatilla
Union
Wallowa
Wasco
Washington
Wheeler
Yamhill
State of Oregon, county not known
188
PENNSYLVANIA (42)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
42001
42003
42005
42007
42009
42012
42013
42015
42017
42019
42021
42023
42025
42027
42029
42031
42033
42035
42037
42039
42041
42043
42045
42047
42049
42051
42053
42055
42057
42059
42061
42063
42065
42067
42069
42071
42073
42075
42077
42079
42081
42083
42085
42087
42089
42091
42093
42095
42097
42099
42101
42103
42105
42107
42109
42111
42113
42115
42117
42119
42121
42123
42125
42127
42129
42131
42133
42999
Adams
Allegheny
Armstrong
Beaver
Bedford
Berks
Blair
Bradford
Bucks
Butler
Cambria
Cameron
Carbon
Centre
Chester
Clarion
Clearfield
Clinton
Columbia
Crawford
Cumberland
Dauphin
Delaware
Elk
Erie
Fayette
Forest
Franklin
Fulton
Greene
Huntingdon
Indiana
Jefferson
Juniata
Lackawanna
Lancaster
Lawrence
Lebanon
Lehigh
Luzerne
Lycoming
McKean
Mercer
Mifflin
Monroe
Montgomery
Montour
County
Name
Northampton
Northumberland
Perry
Philadelphia
Pike
Potter
Schuylkill
Snyder
Somerset
Sullivan
Susquehanna
Tioga
Union
Venango
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Westmoreland
Wyoming
York
State of Pennsylvania, county not known
189
RHODE ISLAND (44)
County County
Code Name
44001
44003
44005
44007
44009
44999
Bristol
Kent
Newport
Providence
Washington
State of Rhode Island, county not known
190
SOUTH CAROLINA (45)
County County
Code Name
45001
45003
45005
45007
45009
45011
45013
45015
45017
45019
45021
45023
45025
45027
45029
45031
45033
45035
45037
45039
45041
45043
45045
45047
45049
45051
45053
45055
45057
45059
45061
45063
45065
45067
45069
45071
45073
45075
45077
45079
45081
Abbeville
Aiken
Allendale
Anderson
Bamberg
Barnwell
Beaufort
Berkeley
Calhoun
Charleston
Cherokee
Chester
Chesterfield
Clarendon
Colleton
Darlington
Dillon
Dorchester
Edgefield
Fairfield
Florence
Georgetown
Greenville
Greenwood
Hampton
Horry
Jasper
Kershaw
Lancaster
Laurens
Lee
Lexington
McCormick
Marion
Marlboro
Newberry
Oconee
Orangeburg
Pickens
Richland
Saluda
45083
45085
45087
45089
45091
45999
Spartanburg
Sumter
Union
Williamsburg
York
State of South Carolina, county not known
191
SOUTH DAKOTA (46)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
46003
46005
46007
46009
46011
46013
46015
46017
46019
46021
46023
46025
46027
46029
46031
46033
46035
46037
46039
46041
46043
46045
46047
46049
46051
46053
46055
46057
46059
46061
46063
46065
46067
46069
46071
46073
46075
46077
46079
46081
46083
46085
46087
46089
46091
46093
46095
46097
46099
46101
46103
46105
46107
46109
46111
46113
46115
46117
46119
46121
46123
46125
46127
46129
46135
46137
46999
Aurora
Beadle
Bennett
Bon Homme
Brookings
Brown
Brule
Buffalo
Butte
Campbell
Charles Mix
Clark
Clay
Codington
Corson
Custer
Davison
Day
Deuel
Dewey
Douglas
Edmunds
Fall River
Faulk
Grant
Gregory
Haakon
Hamlin
Hand
Hanson
Harding
Hughes
Hutchinson
Hyde
Jackson
Jerauld
Jones
Kingsbury
Lake
Lawrence
Lincoln
Lyman
McCook
McPherson
Marshall
Meade
Mellette
County
Name
Miner
Minnehaha
Moody
Pennington
Perkins
Potter
Roberts
Sanborn
Shannon
Spink
Stanley
Sully
Todd
Tripp
Turner
Union
Walworth
Yankton
Ziebach
State of South Dakota, county not known
192
TENNESSEE (47)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
47001
47003
47005
47007
47009
47011
47013
47015
47017
47019
47021
47023
47025
47027
47029
47031
47033
47035
47037
47039
47041
47043
47045
47047
47049
47051
47053
47055
47057
47059
47061
47063
47065
47067
47069
47071
47073
47075
47077
47079
47081
47083
47085
47087
47089
47091
47093
47095
47097
47099
47101
47103
47105
47107
47109
47111
47113
47115
47117
47119
47121
47123
47125
47127
47129
47131
47133
47135
47137
47139
47141
47143
47145
47147
47149
47151
47153
47155
47157
47159
47161
47163
47165
47167
47169
47171
47173
47175
47177
47179
47181
47183
47185
47187
47189
47999
Anderson
Bedford
Benton
Bledsoe
Blount
Bradley
Campbell
Cannon
Carroll
Carter
Cheatham
Chester
Clairborne
Clay
Cocke
Coffee
Crockett
Cumberland
Davidson
Decatur
De Kalb
Dickson
Dyer
Fayette
Fentress
Franklin
Gibson
Giles
Grainger
Greene
Grundy
Hamblen
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardeman
Hardin
Hawkins
Haywood
Henderson
Henry
Hickman
Houston
Humphreys
Jackson
Jefferson
Johnson
Knox
Lake
Lauderdale
County
Name
Lawrence
Lewis
Lincoln
Loudon
McMinn
McNairy
Macon
Madison
Marion
Marshall
Maury
Meigs
Monroe
Montgomery
Moore
Morgan
Obion
Overton
Perry
Pickett
Polk
Putnam
Rhea
Roane
Robertson
Rutherford
Scott
Sequatchie
Sevier
Shelby
Smith
Stewart
Sullivan
Sumner
Tipton
Trousdale
Unicoi
Union
Van Buren
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Weakley
White
Williamson
Wilson
State of Tennessee, county not known
193
TEXAS (48)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
48001
48003
48005
48007
48009
48011
48013
48015
48017
48019
48021
48023
48025
48027
48029
48031
48033
48035
48037
48039
48041
48043
48045
48047
48049
48051
48053
48055
48057
48059
48061
48063
48065
48067
48069
48071
48073
48075
48077
48079
48081
48083
48085
48087
48089
48091
48093
48095
48097
48099
48101
48103
48105
48107
48109
48111
48113
48115
48117
48119
48121
48123
48125
48127
48129
48131
48133
48135
48137
48139
48141
48143
48145
48147
48149
48151
48153
48155
48157
48159
48161
48163
48165
48167
48169
48171
48173
48175
48177
48179
48181
48183
48185
48187
Anderson
Andrews
Angelina
Aransas
Archer
Armstrong
Atascosa
Austin
Bailey
Bandera
Bastrop
Baylor
Bee
Bell
Bexar
Blanco
Borden
Bosque
Bowie
Brazoria
Brazos
Brewster
Briscoe
Brook s
Brown
Burleson
Burnet
Caldwell
Calhoun
Callahan
Cameron
Camp
Carson
Cass
Castro
Chambers
Cherokee
Childress
Clay
Cochran
Coke
Coleman
Collin
Collingsworth
Colorado
Comal
Comanche
Concho
Cooke
Coryell
Cottle
Crane
County
Name
Crockett
Crosby
Culberson
Dallam
Dallas
Dawson
Deaf Smith
Delta
Denton
De Witt
Dickens
Dimmit
Donley
Duval
Eastland
Ector
Edwards
Ellis
El Paso
Erath
Falls
Fannin
Fayette
Fisher
Floyd
Foard
Fort Bend
Franklin
Freestone
Frio
Gaines
Galveston
Garza
Gillespie
Glasscock
Goliad
Gonzales
Gray
Grayson
Gregg
Grimes
Guadalupe
194
TEXAS (cont.)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
48189
48191
48193
48195
48197
48199
48201
48203
48205
48207
48209
48211
48213
48215
48217
48219
48221
48223
48225
48227
48229
48231
48233
48235
48237
48239
48241
48243
48245
48247
48249
48251
48253
48255
48257
48259
48261
48263
48265
48267
48269
48271
48273
48275
48277
48279
48281
48283
48285
48287
48289
48291
48293
48295
48297
48299
48301
48303
48305
48307
48309
48311
48313
48315
48317
48319
48321
48323
48325
48327
48329
48331
48333
48335
48337
48339
48341
48343
48345
48347
48349
48351
48353
48355
48357
48359
48361
48363
48365
48367
48369
48371
48373
48375
Hale
Hall
Hamilton
Hansford
Hardeman
Hardin
Harris
Harrison
Hartley
Haskell
Hays
Hemphill
Henderson
Hidalgo
Hill
Hockley
Hood
Hopkins
Houston
Howard
Hudspeth
Hunt
Hutchinson
Irion
Jack
Jackson
Jasper
Jeff Davis
Jefferson
Jim Hogg
Jim Wells
Johnson
Jones
Karnes
Kaufman
Kendall
Kenedy
Kent
Kerr
Kimble
King
Kinney
Kleberg
Knox
Lamar
Lamb
Lampasas
La Salle
Lavaca
Lee
Leon
Liberty
County
Name
Limestone
Lipscomb
Live Oak
Llano
Loving
Lubbock
Lynn
McCulloch
McLennan
McMullen
Madison
Marion
Martin
Mason
Matagorda
Maverick
Medina
Menard
Midland
Milam
Mills
Mitchell
Montague
Montgomery
Moore
Morris
Motley
Nacogdoches
Navarro
Newton
Nolan
Nueces
Ochiltree
Oldham
Orange
Palo Pinto
Panola
Parker
Parmer
Pecos
Polk
Potter
195
TEXAS (cont.)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
48377
48379
48381
48383
48385
48387
48389
48391
48393
48395
48397
48399
48401
48403
48405
48407
48409
48411
48413
48415
48417
48419
48421
48423
48425
48427
48429
48431
48433
48435
48437
48439
48441
48443
48445
48447
48449
48451
48453
48455
48457
48459
48461
48463
48465
48467
48469
48471
48473
48475
48477
48479
48481
48483
48485
48487
48489
48491
48493
48495
48497
48499
48501
48503
48505
48507
48999
Presidio
Rains
Randall
Reagan
Real
Red River
Reeves
Refugio
Roberts
Robertson
Rockwall
Runnels
Rusk
Sabine
San Augustine
San Jacinto
San Patricio
San Saba
Schleiccher
Scurry
Shackelford
Shelby
Sherman
Smith
Somervell
Starr
Stephens
Sterling
Stonewall
Sutton
Swisher
Tarrant
Taylor
Terrell
Terry
Throckmorton
Titus
Tom Green
Travis
Trinity
Tyler
Upshur
Upton
Uvalde
Val Verde
Van Zandt
Victoria
County
Name
Walker
Waller
Ward
Washington
Webb
Wharton
Wheeler
Wichita
Wilbarger
Willacy
Williamson
Wilson
Winkler
Wise
Wood
Yoakum
Young
Zapata
Zavala
State of Texas, county not known
196
UTAH (49)
County County
Code Name
49001
49003
49005
49007
49009
49011
49013
49015
49017
49019
49021
49023
49025
49027
49029
49031
49033
49035
49037
49039
49041
49043
49045
49047
49049
49051
49053
49055
49057
49999
Beaver
Box Elder
Cache
Carbon
Daggett
Davis
Duchesne
Emery
Garfield
Grand
Iron
Juab
Kane
Millard
Morgan
Piute
Rich
Salt Lake
San Juan
Sanpete
Sevier
Summit
Tooele
Uintah
Utah
Wasatch
Washington
Wayne
Weber
State of Utah, county not
known
197
VERMONT (50)
County County
Code Name
50001
50003
50005
50007
50009
50011
50013
50015
50017
50019
50021
50023
50025
50027
50999
Addison
Bennington
Caledonia
Chittenden
Essex
Franklin
Grand Isle
Lamoille
Orange
Orleans
Rutland
Washington
Windham
Windsor
State of Vermont, county not
known
198
VIRGINIA (51)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
51001
51003
51005
51007
51009
51011
51013
51015
51017
51019
51021
51023
51025
51027
51029
51031
51033
51035
51036
51037
51041
51043
51045
51047
51049
51051
51053
51057
51059
51061
51063
51065
51067
51069
51071
51073
51075
51077
51079
51081
51083
51085
51087
51089
51091
51093
51095
51097
51099
51101
51103
51105
51107
51109
51111
51113
51115
51117
51119
51121
51125
51127
51131
51133
51135
51137
51139
51141
51143
51145
51147
51149
51153
51155
51157
51159
51161
51163
51165
51167
51169
51171
51173
51175
51177
51179
51181
51183
51185
51187
51191
51193
51195
51197
51199
51999
Accomack
Albemarle
Alleghany
Amelia
Amherst
Appomattox
Arlington
Augusta
Bath
Bedford
Bland
Botetourt
Brunswick
Buchanan
Buckingham
Campbell
Caroline
Carroll
Charles City
Charlotte
Chesterfield
Clarke
Craig
Culpeper
Cumberland
Dickenson
Dinwiddie
Essex
Fairfax
Fauquier
Floyd
Fluvanna
Franklin
Frederick
Giles
Gloucester
Goochland
Grayson
Greene
Greensville
Halifax
Hanover
Henrico
Henry
Highland
Isle of Wright
James City
King and Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Lee
County
Name
Loudoun
Louisa
Lunenburg
Madison
Mathews
Mechlenburg
Middlesex
Montgomery
Nelson
New Kent
Northampton
Northumberland
Nottoway
Orange
Page
Patrick
Pittsylvania
Powhatan
Prince Edward
Prince George
Prince William
Pulaski
Rappahannock
Richmond
Roanoke
Rockbridge
Rockingham
Russell
Scott
Shenandoah
Smyth
Southampton
Spotsylvania
Stafford
Surry
Sussex
Tazewell
Warren
Washington
Westmoreland
Wise
Wythe
York
State of Virginia county not known
199
VIRGINIA (cont.)
County County
Code Name
INDEPENDENT CITIES
51510
51515
51520
51530
51540
51550
51560
51570
51580
51590
51595
51600
51610
51620
51630
51640
51650
51660
51670
51678
51680
51683
51685
51690
51700
51710
51720
51730
51735
51740
51750
51760
51770
51775
51780
51790
51800
51810
51820
51830
51840
Alexandria
Bedford
Bristol
Buena Vista
Charlottesville
Chesapeake
Clifton Forge
Colonial Heights
Covington
Danville
Emporia
Fairfax
Falls Church
Franklin
Fredericksburg
Galax
Hampton
Harrisonburg
Hopewell
Lexington
Lynchburg
Manassas
Manassas Park
Martinsville
Newport News
Norfolk
Norton
Petersburg
Poquoson
Portsmouth
Radford
Richmond
Roanoke
Salem
South Boston
Staunton
Suffolk
Virginia Beach
Waynesboro
Williamsburg
Winchester
200
WASHINGTON (53)
County County
Code Name
53001
53003
53005
53007
53009
53011
53013
53015
53017
53019
53021
53023
53025
53027
53029
53031
53033
53035
53037
53039
53041
53043
53045
53047
53049
53051
53053
53055
53057
53059
53061
53063
53065
53067
53069
53071
53073
53075
53077
53999
Adams
Asotin
Benton
Chelan
Clallam
Clark
Columbia
Cowlitz
Douglas
Ferry
Franklin
Garfield
Grant
Grays Harbor
Island
Jefferson
King
Kitsap
Kittitas
Klickitat
Lewis
Lincoln
Mason
Okanogan
Pacific
Pend Oreille
Pierce
San Juan
Skagit
Skamania
Snohomish
Spokane
Stevens
Thurston
Wahkiakum
Walla Walla
Whatcom
Whitman
Yakima
State of Washington, county not known
201
WEST VIRGINIA (54)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
54001
54003
54005
54007
54009
54011
54013
54015
54017
54019
54021
54023
54025
54027
54029
54031
54033
54035
54037
54039
54041
54043
54045
54047
54049
54051
54053
54055
54057
54059
54061
54063
54065
54067
54069
54071
54073
54075
54077
54079
54081
54083
54085
54087
54089
54091
54093
54095
54097
54099
54101
54103
54105
54107
54109
54999
Barbour
Berkeley
Boone
Braxton
Brooke
Cabell
Calhoun
Clay
Doddridge
Fayette
Gilmer
Grant
Greenbrier
Hampshire
Hancock
Hardy
Harrison
Jackson
Jefferson
Kanawha
Lewis
Lincoln
Logan
McDowell
Marion
Marshall
Mason
Mercer
Mineral
Mingo
Monongalia
Monroe
Morgan
Nicholas
Ohio
Pendleton
Pleasants
Pocahontas
Preston
Putnam
Raleigh
Randolph
Ritchie
Roane
Summers
Taylor
Tucker
County
Name
Tyler
Upshur
Wayne
Webster
Wetzel
Wirt
Wood
Wyoming
State of West Virginia, county not known
202
WISCONSIN (55)
County County
Code Name
County
Code
55001
55003
55005
55007
55009
55011
55013
55015
55017
55019
55021
55023
55025
55027
55029
55031
55033
55035
55037
55039
55041
55043
55045
55047
55049
55051
55053
55055
55057
55059
55061
55063
55065
55067
55069
55071
55073
55075
55077
55078
55079
55081
55083
55085
55087
55089
55091
55093
55095
55097
55099
55101
55103
55105
55107
55109
55111
55113
55115
55117
55119
55121
55123
55125
55127
55129
55131
55133
55135
55137
55139
55141
55999
Adams
Ashland
Barron
Bayfield
Brown
Buffalo
Burnett
Calumet
Chippewa
Clark
Columbia
Crawford
Dane
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn
Eau Clair
Florence
Fond du Lac
Forest
Grant
Green
Green Lake
Iowa
Iron
Jackson
Jefferson
Juneau
Kenosha
Kewaunee
La Crosse
Lafayette
Langlade
Lincoln
Manitowoc
Marathon
Marinette
Marquette
Menominee
Milwaukee
Monroe
Oconto
Oneida
Outagamie
Ozaukee
Pepin
County
Name
Pierce
Polk
Portage
Price
Racine
Richland
Rock
Rusk
St. Croix
Sauk
Sawyer
Shawano
Sheboygan
Taylor
Trempealeau
Vernon
Vilas
Walworth
Washburn
Washington
Waukesha
Waupaca
Waushara
Winnebago
Wood
State of Wisconsin, county not known
203
WYOMING (56)
County County
Code Name
56001
56003
56005
56007
56009
56011
56013
56015
56017
56019
56021
56023
56025
56027
56029
56031
56033
56035
56037
56039
56041
56043
56045
56999
Albany
Big Horn
Campbell
Carbon
Converse
Crook
Fremont
Goshen
Hot Springs
Johnson
Laramie
Lincoln
Natrona
Niobrara
Park
Platte
Sheridan
Sublette
Sweetwater
Teton
Uinta
Washakie
Weston
State of Wyoming, county not known
204
CHAPTER 4: STATE CODES
For Variable 10 (Jurisdiction on date of admission) use the following codes:
01
Alabama
34
New Jersey
02
Alaska
35
New Mexico
04
Arizona
36
New York
05
Arkansas
37
North Carolina
06
California
38
North Dakota
08
Colorado
39
Ohio
09
Connecticut
40
Oklahoma
10
Delaware
41
Oregon
11
District of Columbia
42
Pennsylvania
12
Florida
44
Rhode Island
13
Georgia
45
South Carolina
15
Hawaii
46
South Dakota
16
Idaho
47
Tennessee
17
Illinois
48
Texas
18
Indiana
49
Utah
19
Iowa
50
Vermont
20
Kansas
51
Virginia
21
Kentucky
53
Washington
22
Louisiana
54
West Virginia
23
Maine
55
Wisconsin
24
Maryland
56
Wyoming
25
Massachusetts
57
Federal Prison System
26
Michigan
58
California Youth Authority
27
Minnesota
60
State Not Known
28
Mississippi
52
Shared Jurisdiction
29
Missouri
62
Northern Mariana Islands
30
Montana
64
Guam
31
Nebraska
66
Puerto Rico
32
Nevada
68
Virgin Islands
33
New Hampshire
70
Private Prison within State
205
CHAPTER 5: OFFENSE CODES
Variable 13 (Offenses) are reported using your state's own offense codes. Abt and BJS will re-code your
state’s offense codes into the NCRP offense codes shown below.
MURDER
010
010
010
010
010
010
011
011
011
011
011
011
012
012
Accessory After the Fact, Murder
Accessory to Murder
Felony Murder
Murder
Murder Accessory After the Fact
Willful Murder
Assault and Battery by Force Likely to Produce Death
Assault and Battery with Intent to Kill
Assault with Intent to Kill
Malicious Striking and Wounding with Intent to Kill
Murder, Attempted
Shooting with Intent to Kill
Conspiracy to Commit Murder
Murder, Conspiracy
UNSPECIFIED HOMICIDE
013
013
013
014
Homicide
Homicide - Willful Kill
Unspecified Homicide
Unspecified Homicide, Attempted/Conspiracy
VOLUNTARY/NONNEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
015
015
015
015
016
Manslaughter with Intent
Nonnegligent Manslaughter
Pre-meditated Manslaughter
Voluntary Manslaughter
Voluntary/Nonnegligent Manslaughter, Attempted/Conspiracy
020
020
020
020
021
022
Causing Death by Operating Auto While Under Influence of Drugs or Alcohol
Manslaughter, Vehicular
Reckless Homicide, Vehicular
Vehicular Manslaughter
Manslaughter, Vehicular, Attempted
Manslaughter, Vehicular, Conspiracy
206
MANSLAUGHTER - NON-VEHICULAR
030
030
030
030
030
031
031
032
Involuntary Manslaughter
Manslaughter
Manslaughter, Non-Vehicular
Negligent Homicide
Negligent Manslaughter
Attempted Manslaughter
Manslaughter, Non-Vehicular, Attempted
Manslaughter, Non-Vehicular, Conspiracy
KIDNAPPING
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
041
042
Abduction
Aggravated Kidnapping
Detaining a Female
Detaining Person
False Imprisonment
Felonious Restraint
Holding Hostage
Kidnapping
Simple Kidnapping
Kidnapping/Abduction, Attempted
Kidnapping/Abduction, Conspiracy
RAPE - FORCE
050
050
050
050
050
050
050
050
050
050
051
051
051
051
051
052
Aggravated Rape
Carnal Knowledge or Abuse, (Sex Unspecified)
Forcible Rape
Forcible Ravishment
Object Rape
Rape by Force
Rape of a Child, Force
Rape, Other than Statutory
Sexual Intercourse without Consent
Simple Rape
Assault and Battery with Intent to Commit Rape
Assault with Intent to Commit Rape
Assault with Intent to Ravish
Burglary with Intent to Commit Rape
Rape, Attempted
Rape, Conspiracy
207
RAPE - STATUTORY - NO FORCE
060
060
060
060
060
060
061
062
Carnal Knowledge of Female Child - No Force
Rape, Statutory
Sex with close blood relative (incest - no force)
S/Rape (Statutory Rape)
Statutory Rape
Violation of a Child - No Force
Statutory Rape, Attempted
Statutory Rape, Conspiracy
SEXUAL ASSAULT - OTHER
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
070
071
072
Aggravated Sexual Abuse
Fondling, Unspecified
Gross Sexual Attempt
Gross Sexual Imposition by Force
Indecent Assault
Molestation, Unspecified
Sex by Deception
Sex Offenders Act
Sexual Abuse
Sexual Assaults, Except Rape, Statutory Rape, Lewd Act with Child, or Forcible Sodomy
Sexual Assault, Other, Unspecified
Sexual Misconduct
Indecent Liberties, Unspecified
Sexual Assault, Attempted
Sexual Assault, Conspiracy
LEWD ACT WITH CHILDREN
080
080
080
080
080
080
080
080
080
080
081
082
Fondling of a Child
Indecent Behavior with a Juvenile
Indecent or Immoral Practices with a Child
Indulging in Lewd and Indecent Practices with a Child
Lewd Act with Child
Lewdness with a Child
Liberties with a Child
Molestation of a Child
Molesting Child
Taking Immodest and Immoral Liberties with a Child
Lewd Act with a Child, Attempted
Lewd Act with a Child, Conspiracy
208
ARMED ROBBERY
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
090
091
091
091
091
091
092
092
Aggravated Robbery
Aiding and Abetting Robbery
AR (Armed Robbery)
Armed Robbery
Armed Burglary
Assault and Robbery
Carjacking
Forcibly and Violently Demanding Money from Another
Forcible Robbery
Heist, Armed
Mugging, Armed
Robbery, Armed
Robbery by Force
Robbery with Violence
Robbery with Firearms
Robbery with D D W (Dangerous and Deadly Weapon)
Robbery, Unspecified
Armed Assault with Intent to Rob
Armed Robbery, Attempted
Assault and Battery with Intent to Rob
Assault with Intent to Commit Robbery
Carjacking, Attempted
Armed Robbery, Conspiracy
Carjacking, Conspiracy
UNARMED ROBBERY
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
101
102
Heist
Heist, Unarmed
Mugging
Mugging, Unarmed
Purse Snatching, Forcible
Simple Robbery
Strongarm Robbery
Unarmed Robbery
Unarmed Robbery, Attempted
Unarmed Robbery, Conspiracy
FORCIBLE SODOMY
110
110
110
Buggery, Force
Deviate Sexual Intercourse by Force
Forcible Sodomy
209
110
110
111
111
112
Rape of a Male
Sexual Assault - Sodomy
Assault with Intent to Commit Sodomy
Attempted Sodomy - Forcible
Conspiracy to Commit Sodomy - Forcible
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
121
122
Aggravated Assault
Aggravated Battery
Armed Assault
Assault, Aggravated
Assault and Battery
Assault and Battery with a Dangerous Weapon
Assault, First Degree
Assault on a Child
Assault with a Dangerous Weapon
Assault with a Deadly Weapon
Assault with Intent to Commit a Felony
Assault with Intent to Commit a Moral Offense
Assault with Intent to Maim or Wound
Assault with a Motor Vehicle
Assault, Unspecified
AWIGBH (Assault with Intent to do Great Bodily Harm)
Criminal Injury to Persons
Domestic Violence
Felonious Assault and Battery
Felonious Maiming
Firing a Weapon into a Dwellinghouse
Maiming and Mutilation
Maiming and Wounding
Malicious Cutting and Wounding
Malicious Shooting and Wounding
Malicious Shooting without Wounding
Mayhem
Point, Aim, and Discharge a Deadly Weapon
Striking and Beating with a Weapon
Shooting and Wounding without killing
Unlawful Wounding
Vehicular Assault
Wounding
Aggravated Assault, Attempted
Aggravated Assault, Conspiracy
210
SIMPLE ASSAULT
130
130
130
130
130
130
131
132
Assault, Simple
Hazing
Misdemeanor Assault
Simple Assault
Striking and Beating
Threat to do Bodily Harm
Simple Assault, Attempted
Simple Assault, Conspiracy
ASSAULTING PUBLIC OFFICER
140
140
140
140
140
141
142
Assault of a Corrections Officer
Assault on a Fireman
Assault on a Public Safety Officer
Striking a Public Safety Officer
Threatening a Public Safety Officer
Assault, Public Safety Officer, Attempted
Assault, Public Safety Officer, Conspiracy
BLACKMAIL/EXTORTION/INTIMIDATION
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
151
152
Blackmail
Coercion
Demanding Things by Threat
Extortion
Intimidation
Menacing
Menacing with a Deadly Weapon
Obtain Menace (Extortion)
Oral Threat
Racketeering
Terroristic Threat
Threat to Bomb
Threat to Burn
Threatening Communications
Threatening to Commit Offense
Extortion, Attempted
Extortion, Conspiracy
HIT AND RUN DRIVING
160
160
161
162
Hit and Run with Bodily Injury
Leaving the Scene of an Accident with Bodily Injury
Hit and Run with Bodily Injury, Attempted
Hit and Run with Bodily Injury, Conspiracy
211
CHILD ABUSE
170
170
171
172
Child Abuse
Cruelty to Juvenile
Child Abuse, Attempted
Child Abuse, Conspiracy
VIOLENT OFFENSES - OTHER
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
Abortion
Aiding a Suicide
Assault, Except Aggravated, Child Abuse, or Simple
Child Endangerment
Criminal Endangerment
Criminal Transmission of HIV
Criminal Trespass (Against a Person)
Gang Related Violence
Inf (Infamous) Crime
Infamous Crime
Reckless Endangerment
Tampering with a Commercial Product with Intent to Extort or Cause Injury
Trespassing (Against a Person)
BURGLARY
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
Accessory to Burglary
Aiding and Abetting in Storehouse Breaking
B and E (Breaking and Entering)
BEL (Breaking and Entering with Larceny)
BELDT (Breaking and Entering with Larceny in the Day Time)
BELNT (Breaking and Entering with Larceny in the Night Time)
BENT (Breaking and Entering in the Night Time)
Breaking and Entering with Intent to Commit Larceny
Breaking and Entering
Breaking into a Deposit Box or ATM
Burglary
DHB (Dwellinghouse Breaking)
Dwellinghouse Breaking
Entering a Building while Armed to Steal
Entering Without Breaking with Intent to Commit a Felony
House Breaking
Illegal Entry, with Intent to Commit a Felony
Malicious Burglary of Property
Safecracking
212
190
190
191
192
Simple Burglary
Storehouse Breaking
Burglary, Attempted
Burglary, Conspiracy
ARSON
200
200
200
200
200
200
201
202
Aggravated Arson
Arson
Burning an Automobile
Burning a Thing of Value
Bombing
Willfully Causing an Explosion
Arson, Attempted
Arson, Conspiracy
AUTO THEFT
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
210
211
212
Altering Auto Serial Number Plate
Auto Theft
Conversion of a Motor Vehicle
Interstate Transportation of Stolen Vehicle
Larceny of an Automobile
Possession of a Stolen Vehicle
Receiving and Transferring a Stolen Vehicle
Stealing a Motor Vehicle
Taking a Vehicle
Theft of a Motor Vehicle
Auto Theft, Attempted
Auto Theft, Conspiracy
FORGERY/FRAUD
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
Aiding and Abetting a Forgery
Altering Serial Number (Other than Auto)
Bad Check
Bogus Check
Cheating by False Pretenses
Check Fraud
Check Law Violation
Cold Checks
Confidence Game
Conversion (Fraudulent)
Counterfeiting
Criminal Impersonation
213
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
221
222
Delivering a Cold Check
Disposing of Mortgaged Property
Distributing a Forged or Bogus Check
False Pretenses
Fictitious Check
Forgery
Forgery of Credit Device
Fraud
Fraud by Check
Fraudulent Representation
Fraudulent Use of Credit Card
Impairing a Security Interest
Injury to Bank Deposits
Insufficient Funds Check
Interfering with a Security Interest
Interstate Transportation of Forged Securities
Interstate Transportation of Stolen Checks
Issuing a Check Without Funds
Issuing a Fictitious Check
Issuing Worthless Checks
Larceny by Check
No Account
Obtaining a thing of Value (Money) by False Pretenses
Obtaining Unauthorized Control Over Property
Passing a Forged or Bogus Check
Passing a Worthless Check
Publishing a Forged Instrument
Purchase under a Fictitious Name
Short Check
Stealing a Thing of Value by Deceit
Swindling
Theft by Deception
Theft by Worthless Checks
Trafficking Stolen Credit Card
UFIC (Uttering a Forged Instrument, Check)
UFIW (Uttering a Forged Instrument in Writing)
Unlawfully Obtaining Telephone Services without Intention to Pay
Uttering a Cold Check
Uttering a Forged or Bogus Instrument
Uttering a Forged or Bogus Check
Violation of Check Law
Worthless Checks
Forgery/Fraud, Attempted
Forgery/Fraud, Conspiracy
214
GRAND LARCENY - THEFT OVER $200
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
230
231
232
Boosting (Shoplifting), Grand
Burglary of Contents of a Motor Vehicle
Grand Larceny
Grand Stealing
Larceny by Bailee, Grand
Larceny from an Automobile, Grand
Larceny from a person, Grand
Mail Theft
Pick-pocketing, Over $200
Removal of Auto Parts, Grand
Shoplifting, Grand
Snatch and Grab, Grand
Stealing Cattle
Stealing, Grand
Stealing a Thing of Value, Except a Motor Vehicle, Grand
Theft, Grand
Theft from a Motor Vehicle, Grand
Theft from a person, Grand
Theft of Rental Property, Grand
Larceny/Theft, $200 or Over (Grand) Attempted
Larceny/Theft, $200 or Over (Grand) Conspiracy
PETTY LARCENY - THEFT UNDER $200
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
Boosting (Shoplifting), Petty
Burglary of Contents of a Motor Vehicle
Larceny from an Automobile, Petty
Larceny from a Person, Petty
Larceny/Theft, Under $200 (Petty)
Misdemeanant Theft
Petit Larceny
Petty Larceny
Pick-pocketing, Under $200
Removal of Auto Parts, Petty
Shoplifting, Petty
Snatch and Grab, Petty
Stealing a Thing of Value, Except a Motor Vehicle, Petty
Stealing from a person, Petty
Stealing License Plates, Petty
Stealing, Petty
Theft from a Motor Vehicle, Petty
Theft of Rental Property, Petty
Theft, Petty
215
241
242
Larceny/Theft, Under $200 (Petty), Attempted
Larceny/Theft, Under $200 (Petty), Conspiracy
LARCENY/THEFT - VALUE UNKNOWN
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
251
252
Burglary of Contents of a Motor Vehicle
Larceny
Larceny from an Automobile, Value Unknown
Larceny from a person, Value Unknown
Larceny/Theft-Value Unknown
Pick-pocketing, Value Unknown
Purse Snatching, No Force or Unspecified
Removal of Auto Parts, Value Unknown
Shoplifting, Value Unknown
Snatch and Grab, Value Unknown
Stealing a Thing of Value, Except a Motor Vehicle, Value Unknown
Stealing License Plates, Value Unknown
Stealing, Value Unknown
Theft of Rental Property, Value Unknown
Theft of Services
Theft of Services (i.e. Cable TV Signals)
Theft from a Motor Vehicle, Value Unknown
Theft from a Person, Value Unknown
Theft, Value Unknown
Larceny/Theft-Value Unknown, Attempted
Larceny/Theft-Value Unknown, Conspiracy
EMBEZZLEMENT
260
260
261
262
Embezzlement
Misapplication of Money or Property
Embezzlement, Attempted
Embezzlement, Conspiracy
STOLEN PROPERTY - RECEIVING
270
270
270
270
270
270
270
271
272
Concealing Stolen Property
Obtaining Control over Stolen Property
Possession of Stolen Property
Receiving Stolen Property
RSP (Receiving Stolen Property)
Stolen Property, Possession
Stolen Property, Receiving
Stolen Property, Attempted
Stolen Property, Conspiracy
216
STOLEN PROPERTY - TRAFFICKING
280
280
280
281
282
Sale of Stolen Property
Stolen Property, Trafficking
Transportation of Stolen Property
Stolen Property-Trafficking, Attempted
Stolen Property-Trafficking, Conspiracy
DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
290
291
292
Criminal Damage to Property
Criminal Mischief
Criminal Tampering
Destruction of Property
Malicious Mischief
Tampering with Motor Vehicle Without Consent
Unlawful Killing of Livestock
Vandalism
Destruction of Property, Attempted
Destruction of Property, Conspiracy
HIT/RUN DRIVING - PROPERTY DAMAGE
300
300
Hit and Run Driving with Property Damage
Leaving the Scene of an Accident with Property Damage
UNAUTHORIZED USE OF VEHICLE
310
310
310
310
310
310
311
312
Entering a Motor Vehicle
Failure to Return a Rented Vehicle
Joyriding
Unauthorized Entry of a Motor Vehicle
Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle
Using Car Without Owner's Consent
Unauthorized use of Vehicle, Attempted
Unauthorized use of Vehicle, Conspiracy
TRESPASSING
320
320
320
320
320
Criminal Trespass (Against Property)
Entering, Unspecified
Failure to Leave When Ordered
Illegal Entry, with No Intent to Commit a Larceny
Trespass (Against Property)
217
320
321
322
Unauthorized Entry
Trespassing, Against Property, Attempted
Trespassing, Against Property, Conspiracy
PROPERTY OFFENSES - OTHER
330
330
330
330
331
332
333
333
334
335
Computer Crimes
Pirating Tapes and Videos
Plagiary
Property Offenses, Other Types, N.E.C.
Other Property, Attempt, N.E.C.
Other Property, Conspiracy, N.E.C.
Escape Implements (Tools)
Possession of Burglary Tools
Attempt to Possess Burglary Tools
Conspiracy to Possess Burglary Tools
TRAFFICKING - HEROIN
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
341
342
Delivery of Heroin
Distributing or Dispensing Heroin
Importing or Smuggling Heroin
Manufacture of Heroin
Possession of Heroin for Sale or Other Disposal
Sale of Heroin
Trafficking in Heroin
Trafficking, Heroin, Attempted
Trafficking, Heroin, Conspiracy
TRAFFICKING - COCAINE OR CRACK
345
345
346
347
Delivery, trafficking, sale, importation, manufacturing of Cocaine or Crack
Possession of Cocaine or Crack with intent to Distribute or sell
Distributing, trafficking of Cocaine or Crack, Attempted
Distributing, trafficking of Cocaine or Crack, Conspiracy
TRAFFICKING - OTHER CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
Delivery of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Delivery of Narcotic other than Heroin
Distributing or Dispensing Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Distributing or Dispensing Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack
Importing or Smuggling Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Importing or Smuggling Narcotics other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack
Manufacture of Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack
218
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
351
352
Narcotics other than Heroin, Possession and Sale
Possession for Sale or other Disposal of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Possession for Sale or other Disposal of Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack
Sale of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug
Sale of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Sale of Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack
Trafficking in Dangerous Drugs or Hallucinogens
Trafficking, Other Controlled Substances
Unlawful Disposal of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug
Unlawful Disposal of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Trafficking, Other Controlled Substances, Attempted
Trafficking, Other Controlled Substances, Conspiracy
TRAFFICKING MARIJUANA/HASHISH
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
361
362
Cultivation of Marijuana
Delivery of Marijuana or Hashish
Distribution of Marijuana or Hashish
Importing or Smuggling Marijuana or Hashish
Marijuana or Hashish, Possession and Sales
Possession of Marijuana or Hashish for Sale or other Disposal
Produce or Prepare Marijuana or Hashish
Sale of Marijuana or Hashish
Trafficking in Marijuana or Hashish
Trafficking, Marijuana or Hashish, Attempted
Trafficking, Marijuana or Hashish, Conspiracy
TRAFFICKING - DRUG UNSPECIFIED
370
371
372
Trafficking, Drug Unspecified
Trafficking, Drug Unspecified, Attempted
Trafficking, Drug Unspecified, Conspiracy
POSSESSION/USE - HEROIN
380
380
380
381
382
Possession of Heroin
Possession/Use, Heroin
Use of Heroin
Possession/Use, Heroin, Attempted
Possession/Use, Heroin, Conspiracy
POSSESSION/USE - COCAINE OR CRACK
385
386
387
Possession/use of Cocaine or Crack
Possession/use of Cocaine or Crack, Attempted
Possession/use of Cocaine or Crack, Conspiracy
219
POSSESSION/USE - OTHER CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
390
390
390
390
390
390
391
392
Obtaining Dangerous Drug
Possession of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug
Possession of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Possession of Prescription Drugs
Use of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug
Use of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen
Possession/Use, Other Controlled Substances, Attempted
Possession/Use, Other Controlled Substances, Conspiracy
POSSESSION/USE - MARIJUANA/HASHISH
400
400
401
402
Possession/Use, Marijuana or Hashish
Use of Marijuana or Hashish
Possession/Use, Marijuana or Hashish, Attempted
Possession/Use, Marijuana or Hashish, Conspiracy
POSSESSION/USE - DRUG UNSPECIFIED
410
Possession, Use, Drug Unspecified
HEROIN VIOLATION - OFFENSE UNSPECIFIED
420
420
420
Heroin, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession
Heroin, Offense not Specified
Heroin Violation, Offense Unspecified
COCAINE OR CRACK VIOLATION OFFENSE UNSPECIFIED
425
425
Cocaine/Crack, Offense not specified
Cocaine/Crack, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE - OFFENSE UNSPECIFIED
430
430
430
430
430
430
430
430
430
Controlled Substances or Enumerated Drugs, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession
Controlled Substances or Enumerated Drugs, Offense Unspecified
Dangerous Drugs or Hallucinogens, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession
Dangerous Drugs or Hallucinogens, Offense Unspecified
Narcotics, Except Sales-Traffic, Use or Possession
Narcotics, Offense Unspecified
Narcotics other than Heroin, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession
Narcotics other than Heroin, Offense Unspecified
Controlled Substance Violation, Offense Unspecified
220
MARIJUANA/HASHISH VIOLATION - OFFENSE UNSPECIFIED
440
440
Marijuana or Hashish, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession
Marijuana or Hashish, Offense Unspecified
DRUG OFFENSES - VIOLATION/DRUG UNSPECIFIED
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
Drug Abuse, Neither Offense nor Type or Drug Specified
Drug Offenses, Activity and Drug Unspecified
False Prescription for Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug
False Prescription for Dangerous Drug
False Prescription for Narcotic other than Heroin
Forging or Uttering Prescription for Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug
Forging or Uttering Prescription for Dangerous Drug
Forging or Uttering Prescription for Narcotic other than Heroin
Fraudulent Prescription of Drugs
Possession of Drug Paraphernalia
Possession of Drug Tools
Possession of Hypo and Syringe
Traffic in Controlled Substance other than Drugs
Unlawfully Obtaining Drugs
Violation of Drug Free Zones
Writing an Illegal Prescription for Drug
ESCAPE FROM CUSTODY
460
460
460
460
460
460
461
462
462
462
462
462
Aggravated Escape
Breaking out from Prison or Jail
Escape from Custody
Escape from Prison or Jail
Flight from Prison or Jail
Simple Escape
Escape from Custody, Attempted
Aiding Another to Escape from Jail
Aiding Escape
Forcibly Rescuing a Prisoner
Harboring a Fugitive
Escape from Custody, Conspiracy
FLIGHT TO AVOID PROSECUTION
470
471
472
Flight to Avoid Prosecution
Flight to Avoid Prosecution, Attempted
Flight to Avoid Prosecution, Conspiracy
221
WEAPON OFFENSE
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
480
481
482
Aggravated Weapons Violation
Armed while Committing a Crime
Armed with a Pistol
Carrying Ammunition
Carrying a Concealed Weapon
Carrying Explosive Devices
Carrying a Firearm
Exhibiting and Flourishing a Deadly and Dangerous Weapon
Firing a Weapon
Incendiary Device, Possessing, or Teaching
Possession of Explosive Devices
Possession of Firearms
Possession of Firearm after Felony Conviction
Reckless Use of Fire, Incendiary Devices, or Explosives
Selling a Weapon
Weapon Offenses
Weapons Offense, Attempted
Weapons Offense, Conspiracy
PAROLE VIOLATION
490
490
490
490
Parole Violation
Parole Suspension
Straight Parole Violation
Violation of Parole
PROBATION VIOLATION
500
500
500
500
Probation Violation
Revocation of a Deferred Sentence
Revocation of a Suspended Sentence
Violation of Probation
RIOTING
510
510
510
510
510
511
512
Inciting a Riot
Mob Action
Participating in a Riot
Riot
Rout
Riot, Attempting to Incite
Riot, Conspiracy to Incite
222
HABITUAL OFFENDER
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
520
Convicted 3 Times of a Felony
Habitual Criminal
Habitual Criminal Act
Habitual Felony
Habitual Felony Conviction (HFC)
Habitual Offender
HFC (Habitual Felony Conviction)
Persistent Violator of the Law
PFC (Prior Felony Conviction)
Previous Felony Convictions
Prior Felony Conviction
CONTEMPT OF COURT
530
530
530
530
Contempt of Court
Failure to Pay Fines
Violation of Protective Order
Violation of Restraining Order
OFFENSES AGAINST COURTS, LEGISLATURES AND COMMISSIONS
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
540
541
541
542
Bond Jump
Bribing a Juror or Witness
Corruptly Influencing a Witness
Court Offenses
Failure to Appear
Failure to Appear on Bail Bond
Failure to Comply with Order of a Circuit Court
Intimidation of a Witness
Offering False Evidence
Perjury
Subordination of Perjury
Tampering with Evidence
Tampering with a Witness
Perjury, Attempted
Court Offenses, Attempted
Court Offenses, Conspiracy
TRAFFIC OFFENSES - MINOR
550
550
Operating a Motor Vehicle as a Habitual Offender
Operating a Motor Vehicle Without a License
223
550
550
550
Operating an Unregistered Motor Vehicle
Traffic Offenses, Except Drunk Driving
Traffic Offenses, Minor
DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED
560
560
560
560
Causing Injury While Operating Auto Under Influence of Intoxicating Liquor
Driving While Intoxicated
Drunk Driving
DWI, Driving While Intoxicated
DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE
565
565
Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol
Driving Under the Influence, Unspecified
DRIVING UNDER INFLUENCE - DRUGS
570
570
Driving While Under the Influence of Narcotics
Driving Under Influence of Drugs
FAMILY RELATED OFFENSES
580
580
580
580
580
580
580
580
Abandonment
Cruelty to Wife
Custodial Interference
Desertion
Failure to Provide
Interference with Custody
Non-Support, Family Related Offenses
Non-Support of Spouse or Children
DRUNKENNESS/VAGRANCY/DISORDERLY CONDUCT
590
590
590
590
590
590
590
590
590
590
590
Begging
Disorderly Conduct
Disorderly Person
Drunkenness
Drunk and Disorderly
Intoxication
Loitering
Unlawful Assembly
Vagabondage
Vagrancy
Drunkenness/ Vagrancy/ Disorderly Conduct
224
MORALS/DECENCY - OFFENSE
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
601
602
Adultery
Bigamy
Buggery, No Force
Crime Against Nature, No Force
Exhibitionism
Incest
Indecent Exposure
Indecent and Immoral Practices with Another Adult Person
Indecent Language Over Phone
Lewd and Wanton Behavior
Obscene Phone Call
Offense Against Morals/Decency
Peeping Tom
Sexual Offenses, Except Sexual Assaults, Commercialized Sex
Sodomy, No Force
Trespass by Peeping Tom
Unnatural Intercourse
Using Indecent Language Over Phone
Offense Against Morals/Decency, Attempted
Offense Against Morals/Decency, Conspiracy
IMMIGRATION VIOLATIONS
610
610
610
610
Harboring Illegal Immigrants
Illegal Entry into the United States
Immigration Violation
Smuggling Aliens
OBSTRUCTION - LAW ENFORCEMENT
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
Compounding a Felony
Concealing Death
Failure to Give Information
Failure to Render Assistance
Failure to Report Fire
False Information/Name to Police Officer
Hindering a Police Officer
Obstruction of Justice
Obstruction of Law Enforcement
Promoting Prison Contraband
Resisting Arrest
Resisting Authority
225
620
620
621
622
Traffic with a Prison Inmate
Withholding Name of Person Who Committed Crime
Obstruction, Attempted
Obstruction, Conspiracy
INVASION OF PRIVACY
630
630
630
630
630
Harassment
Invasion of Privacy
Malicious Vexation
Stalking
Wire Tapping
COMMERCIALIZED VICE
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
Bookmaking
Commercialized Sex
Commercialized Vice
Displaying or Producing Pornographic Movies
Gambling
Keeping a House of Ill-repute
Illegal Possession of Obscene Materials
Obscenity, Unspecified
Pandering
Pimping
Procuring Women
Prostitution
Soliciting for Prostitute
Trafficking in Obscene Materials (Possession, Distribution, Sales, Mailing, Production)
Vice Offense
CONTRIBUTING TO DELINQUENCY OF A MINOR
650
Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor
LIQUOR LAW VIOLATIONS
660
660
660
660
660
660
660
660
Bootlegging
Liquor Law Violations Excluding Drunkenness and DWI
Maintaining Unlawful Drinking Establishment
Manufacturing Liquor
Operating a Still
Possession & Transport
Sale of Alcohol to a Minor
Selling Liquor
226
PUBLIC ORDER OFFENSES - OTHER
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
670
671
672
Civil Rights Violation
Contraband
Cruelty to/Abuse of Animals
Delay Mail
Disinterment of a Human Body
Failure to Appear for Work in Lieu of Induction (Draft Evasion)
Hitch Hiking
Income or Sales Tax Evasion
Interest and Penalties
Libel
Money Laundering
Non-Payment of Debts
Obstructing a Passageway
Public Order Offenses, Other
Racketeering
Sounding a False Alarm
Slander
Taxation and Revenue Offenses
Traffic in Controlled Substance Other than Drugs
Traffic in Non-Controlled Substance
Violation of Fish and Game Law or Relocation
Violation of Local Optional Law
Public Order Offenses, Other, Attempted
Public Order Offenses, Other, Conspiracy
BRIBERY AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST
673
673
673
673
673
673
673
674
675
Abuse of Official Authority or Position
Bribery, Excluding Bribery of Court and Law Enforcement Officials
Bribery, Giving, Offering, or Receiving
Conflict of Interest
Gratuity, Giving, Offering, or Receiving
Kickback, Giving, Offering, or Receiving
Influence
Attempt to Commit Bribery
Conspiracy to Commit Bribery
JUVENILE OFFENSES
680
680
680
Aggravated Juvenile Delinquency
Curfew Violation
Incorrigible
227
680
680
680
680
680
680
680
Incorrigible Juvenile Delinquent
Juvenile Delinquent
Juvenile Status Offense
Minor Possessing Alcohol
Misrepresentation of Age - Minor
Runaway
Truant
FELONY - UNSPECIFIED
690
690
690
691
691
692
692
Aiding and Abetting a Felony
Felony - Third Degree
Felony, Unspecified
Attempted Felony
Felony-Unspecified, Attempted
Conspiracy to Commit a Felony
Felony-Unspecified, Conspiracy
MISDEMEANOR UNSPECIFIED
700
Misdemeanor
OTHER/UNKNOWN
710
710
710
710
710
710
710
710
999
Accessory
Accomplice
Aiding and Abetting
Conspiracy
Criminal Attempt
Criminal Negligence
Criminal Solicitation
Other
Not Known
228
The following codes are for Federal Agencies only
EMBEZZLEMENT (FEDERAL ONLY)
800
800
800
Embezzlement, Bank
Embezzlement, Benefit Plan
Embezzlement, Postal
FRAUD (FEDERAL ONLY)
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
Bank Fraud
False Oath of Bankruptcy
Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Access Services
Fraud and Related Activity in Connection with Computers
Fraud, Bondsman
Fraud for Government Employment
Fraud, Postal
Fraud, Servicemen's Dependent's Allowance Act
Fraud, Veterans Benefits
Impersonation of Federal Official
Impersonation of Foreign Diplomats, Consuls or Officers
Impersonation of U.S. Citizen
Passport Fraud
FORGERY (FEDERAL ONLY)
820
820
820
820
820
Forgery, Altering Checks, Money Orders, Bonds, Legal Documents
Forgery, Altering or Removing Motor Vehicle Identification Number
Forgery, Postal, including Money Orders
Forgery, Transport Forged Checks, Money Orders, Travelers Checks
Forgery, U.S. Securities
COUNTERFEITING (FEDERAL ONLY)
830
830
830
Counterfeiting, Money or Securities, including Altering Currency
Counterfeiting, Postal, including Money Orders
Counterfeiting, Securities of the States and Private Entities
REGULATORY OFFENSES (FEDERAL ONLY)
840
840
840
840
Banking and Insurance Laws
Bird, Fish and Game Laws
Communications Act
Custom Laws, Including Removal of Property to Prevent Seizure, Failure to Report Monetary
Instrument
229
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
Customs Laws, Smuggling, Tariff, Other
Customs Laws, Undervaluation and Other Custom Frauds
Election Laws
Food and Drug
Labor and Social Welfare Laws
Maritime Laws
Motor Carriers Act
Railroad Laws, Retirement Act, Unemployment Insurance
TAX LAW (FEDERAL ONLY)
850
850
850
850
850
850
850
Internal Revenue - Alcohol Tax, Violation of IRLL
Internal Revenue - Excise Taxes
Internal Revenue - Gambling
Internal Revenue - Income Tax Evasion
Internal Revenue - Inheritance Taxes
Internal Revenue - Social Security Taxes
Internal Revenue - Withholding Taxes
RACKETEERING/EXTORTION (FEDERAL ONLY)
860
860
860
860
860
860
860
860
860
860
Extortion, Sending Threats Through Mail
Extortion, Sending Threats in Interstate Commerce, Bomb Threat by Phone
Extortion, Credit Card Transactions
Labor Racketeering
Racketeering, Interference with Commerce by Threats or Violence
Racketeering, Interstate Transportation of Wagering Paraphernalia
Racketeering, Laundering of Monetary Instruments
Racketeering, Prohibition of Illegal Gambling Businesses
Racketeering, Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering Activity
RICO
230
APPENDIX K:
NCRP 2012 data request for new and lapsed states
231
National
Corrections
Reporting
Program (NCRP):
2012 Data Request
NEW AND LAPSED
STATES
Prepared by:
Abt Associates Inc.
55 Wheeler Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Contact:
Tom Rich
Project Director/Site Liaison
617-349-2753
[email protected]
Michael Shively
Site Liaison
617-520-3562
[email protected]
Mica Astion
Site Liaison
617-520-2568
[email protected]
232
INTRODUCTION
The National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) collects offender-level information from state
departments of correction and parole on prison admissions, prison releases, parole releases, and prison
custody. Abt Associates is the NCRP data collection agent for the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the
federal agency that administers NCRP. BJS has administered NCRP since 1983.
For 2012, states are asked to submit three datasets:
•
Prison Admissions (Part A): one record for each admission of a sentenced offender to the state’s
prison system during calendar year 2012.
•
Prison Releases (Part B): one record for each release of a sentenced offender from the state’s
prison system during calendar year 2012.
•
Parole Exits (Part C): one record for each exit of a sentenced offender from the state’s parole or
post-confinement community supervision program during the calendar year 2012.
•
Prison Custody (Part D): one record for each offender in the physical custody of the state’s
prison system on December 31, 2012.
Chapter 1 provides more information on which admissions, releases, and offenders to include (and
exclude) in these datasets, as well as a list of the variables to include in the submissions.
Chapter 2 contains more information on each of the NCRP variables.
Abt Associates has a secure website for uploading NCRP data (see the Frequently Asked Questions for
more information). There is no required format or coding scheme for the data you submit. Abt
Associates’ goal is to minimize your burden and we will work with you to determine the easiest way to
extract and submit the data.
For more information contact your Abt site liaison –Tom Rich ([email protected] or 617-3492753), Michael Shively ([email protected] or 617-520-3562), or Mica Astion
([email protected] or 617-520-2568). You can also visit www.ncrp.info.
233
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)
General FAQs
What is the National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP)?
• NCRP compiles offender-level data on prison admissions, prison releases, prison custody and
parole discharges. The data, provided by state departments of correction and parole, are used to
monitor the nation’s correctional population and address specific policy questions related to
recidivism, prisoner reentry, and trends in demographic characteristics of the incarcerated and
paroled populations. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) has administered the NCRP since
1983.
Who is the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)?
• The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), a component of the Office of Justice Programs in the U.S.
Department of Justice, is the United States' primary source for criminal justice statistics. Its
mission is to collect, analyze, publish, and disseminate information on crime, criminal offenders,
victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. These data are
critical to federal, state, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is
both efficient and evenhanded.
What is Abt Associates’ role in NCRP?
• Abt Associates was awarded a cooperative agreement in October 2010 by the Bureau of Justice
Statistics to direct the NCRP. (Prior to that date, the U.S. Census Bureau was the NCRP data
collection agent.) Abt is responsible for collecting, processing and analyzing data submitted by
state departments of corrections and parole. Working with BJS, Abt will also implement BJS’s
vision of an enhanced and expanded NCRP system that provides timely and useful information to
the corrections community.
Who is Abt Associates?
• Abt Associates is a global leader in research and program implementation in the fields of social
and economic policy, health, and international development. Known for its rigorous approach to
solving complex challenges, Abt Associates was ranked as one of the top 20 global research firms
in 2012. The employee-owned company has multiple offices in the U.S. and program offices in
nearly 40 countries. Abt has 40 years of experience working for the U.S. Department of Justice
and criminal justice agencies across the country.
General FAQs on the 2012 Data Request
Compared to the 2012 data request, has anything changed for 2012?
• Four new variables have been added to each of the four record datasets:
o FBI identification number
o Prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces (yes/no)
o Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
o Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
• Part C (Parole Exit) records for 2012 have an additional three new variables added:
234
Date of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
Type of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
County of exit from parole/post-confinement community supervision, or, if this is
unavailable, the county of the parole office to which the parolee was assigned
An additional category has been added to the existing question on Part C that identifies a
parolee’s supervision status at time of parole exit
o Parolees may now have a supervision status of “Only have financial conditions
remaining”
o
o
o
•
What data are requested?
• For reporting year 2012, states are asked to submit:
o NCRP Part A (Prison Admission) records
o NCRP Part B (Prison Release) records
o NCRP Part C (Parole Exit) records
o NCRP Part D (Prison Custody) records
• Your Abt site liaison will also discuss with you collecting data from previous years that were
never submitted.
When is the data submission due?
• The target date for submitting 2012 NCRP data is March 31, 2013, but we understand that agency
constraints can preclude meeting that target date. The Abt site liaison will work with each state to
set a realistic target date.
How do we submit the data?
• To ensure compliance with FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) 140-2 and the
Privacy Act, Abt’s secure file transfer platform – which automatically encrypts the data during
transit – should be used to submit NCRP data. The Abt transfer portal is FIPS 140-2 compliant
and meets all the requirements of the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA)
and Privacy Act. If you prefer to submit data via email or physical media (e.g., CD), you must
encrypt the data, in compliance with FIPS 140-2. When you are ready to submit data, please
contact your Abt NCRP site liaison to obtain a unique username and password for the transfer
portal or to make other submission arrangements. Please protect your transfer portal username
and password.
What happens after we submit data?
• Abt will verify the contents of the data files and conduct a series of validity checks on the data
(including comparing the submitted data to your submissions from prior years). Typically, this
will be accomplished within 2-4 weeks of receipt of your data. Your Abt site liaison will then
contact you to review our findings and discuss next steps. Having a thorough understanding of
what data you submit is necessary in order to construct valid and reliable national NCRP datasets.
How can we be assured that data we submit is secure?
• BJS and Abt are bound by federal law (42 USC 3789g) which provides that, “No officer or
employee of the Federal Government, and no recipient of assistance under the provisions of this
chapter shall use or reveal any research or statistical information furnished under this chapter by
any person and identifiable to any specific private person for any purpose other than the purpose
235
for which it was obtained in accordance with this chapter. Such information and copies thereof
shall be immune from legal process, and shall not, without the consent of the person furnishing
such information, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other
judicial, legislative, or administrative proceedings.” Abt further recognizes that it is bound by the
Privacy Act and the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) regarding how
NCRP data are received, processed, and released.
How long will it take us to respond to this data request?
• The amount of time depends on the systems and procedures that your agency has established in
previous years to respond to NCRP data requests. If you have responded to NCRP data requests
for at least two years, the amount of time required this year should be lower than the time
required last year because Part C records are not being requested. For more information on the
NCRP reporting burden (OMB No. 1121-0065 Exp. 10/31/2012), see the NCRP's OMB
submission. 1 BJS estimates the time needed to develop computer programs to extract data and to
prepare a response to be 24 hours, on average, per type of database containing the information
needed, for the first year of participation, and 8 hours, per type of database, during the second and
subsequent years. Feedback during data processing and review is estimated to take 2 hours. Send
comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspects of the collection of this
information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to the Director, Bureau of Justice
Statistics, 810 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, DC 20531; and to the Office of Management
and Budget, OMB number 1121-0065, Washington, DC 20503.
How do we get additional information?
• For more information contact your Abt site liaison –Tom Rich ([email protected] or 617349-2753), Michael Shively ([email protected] or 617-520-3562), or Mica Astion
([email protected] or 617-520-2568). You may also contact the BJS Program Manager,
Ann Carson (202-616-3496 or [email protected]) or visit www.ncrp.info for more
information.
Part A (Prison Admission) FAQs
For the Part A submission, what data are being requested?
• One data record for each admission of a sentenced inmate during calendar year 2012.
Admissions can result from a new court commitment; revocations of probation, parole, or other
community supervision; transfers from other jurisdictions; escape or AWOL returns; or returns
from appeal or bond.
o Include admissions of:
sentenced inmates to your prison facilities 2, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence
length;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to county or local jails; and,
1
http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAViewICR?ref_nbr=200907-1121-001
2
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms; reception,
diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
inmates. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
236
•
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under
contract to the state.
o Exclude admissions of:
sentenced inmates to your prison facilities who were transferred from another
one of your prison facilities;
inmates re-entering a prison facility after a temporary leave of 30 days or less;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to Federal facilities, another state's
facilities, or out-of-state private facilities; and
unsentenced inmates to your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial, civil
commitments).
New data elements requested are FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed Forces,
date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces.
What data elements are requested for the Part A submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
• Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
• Date of admission to prison
• Type of admission to prison
• Jurisdiction on date of admission
• Prior jail time
• Prior prison time
• Commitment offenses
• Number of counts of each offense
• Offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
• Location where inmate is to serve sentence
• Inmate's state identification number
• Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
• Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
• Parole hearing/eligibility date
• Projected release date
• Mandatory release date
• FBI identification number
• Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
• Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
• Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
237
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
Part B (Prison Release) FAQs
For the Part B data submission, what data are being requested?
• One data record for each release of a sentenced inmate during calendar year 2012.
Releases include releases to parole or post-confinement community supervision authorities;
unconditional releases; releases or transfers to other authorities; deaths; releases on appeal or
bond if credit for time served is not given while on release; or escapes from custody.
o Include releases of:
sentenced inmates from your prison facilities3, regardless of jurisdiction or
sentence length;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction in county or local jails;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction in in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under
contract to the state.
o Exclude:
releases of sentenced inmates from your prison facilities that were transferred
from another one of your facilities;
temporary transfers of sentenced inmates;
releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from Federal facilities,
another state's facilities, or out-of-state private facilities; and
releases of unsentenced inmates from your prison facilities (e.g., inmates
awaiting trial, civil commitments).
• New data elements requested are FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed Forces,
date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces.
What data elements are requested for the Part B submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
• Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
• Date of admission to prison
• Type of admission to prison
• Jurisdiction on date of admission
• Prior jail time
3
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms; reception,
diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
inmates. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
238
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prior prison time
Commitment offenses
Number of counts of each offense
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Inmate's state identification number
Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
New offenses since admission
Additional sentence time
Prior felony incarcerations
AWOL or escape while serving sentence(s)
Community release prior to prison release
Community release (days)
Date of release from prison
Released from
Agencies that assume custody
Type of release from prison
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
Part C (Parole Exit) FAQs
For the Part C data submission, what data are being requested?
• One data record for each exit from parole or post-confinement community supervision of a
sentenced inmate during calendar year 2012. Releases include discretionary releases from parole
or post-confinement community supervision; mandatory releases from parole or post-confinement
community supervision; reinstatement of parole; term of supervised release from prison; or other
types of exits from parole or post-confinement community supervision
o Include releases of:
sentenced inmates from your parole or post-confinement community supervision
agency, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence length;
o Exclude:
inmates not yet sentenced (normally called “probation”), but can refer to any
community supervision program prior to sentencing
239
•
•
New data elements requested are date of parole admission, type of parole admission, county of
parole exit OR county of parole office, FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed
Forces, date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed
Forces.
An additional category has been added for the variable requesting supervision status at the time of
parole exit: “Only have financial conditions remaining”.
What data elements are requested for the Part C submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
• Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
• Date of admission to prison
• Type of admission to prison
• Jurisdiction on date of admission
• Prior jail time
• Prior prison time
• Commitment offenses
• Number of counts of each offense
• Offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
• Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
• Location where inmate is to serve sentence
• Inmate's state identification number
• Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
• Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
• New offenses since admission
• Additional sentence time
• Prior felony incarcerations
• AWOL or escape while serving sentence(s)
• Community release prior to prison release
• Community release (days)
• Date of release from prison
• Released from
• Agencies that assume custody
• Type of release from prison
• Date of parole admission
• Type of parole admission
• County of parole exit or county of parole office
• Date of parole exit
• Type of parole exit
• Supervision status at time of parole exit
• FBI identification number
240
•
•
•
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
Part D (Prison Custody) FAQs
For the Part D data submission, what data are being requested?
• Submit one data record for each offender under physical custody on December 31, 2012.
o Include:
sentenced inmates in your prison facilities4, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence
length;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in county or local jails;
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in in-state private prisons,
including both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private
entity under contract to the state; and,
any inmate in these categories who was temporarily released (for 30 days or less)
from a facility.
o Exclude:
sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in Federal facilities, another
state's facilities, or out-of-state private facilities;
unsentenced inmates held in your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial,
civil commitments); and
inmates who have escaped and are not in custody.
• New data elements requested are FBI identification number, prior service in U.S. Armed Forces,
date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces, and type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces.
What data elements are requested for the Part D submission?
• County in which sentence was imposed
• Inmate identification number
• Prisoner first and last name
• Date of birth
• Sex
• Race
• Hispanic origin
4
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms; reception,
diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
inmates. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
241
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Highest grade completed prior to this admission to prison
Date of admission to prison
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time
Prior prison time
Commitment offenses
Number of counts of each offense
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Maximum sentence length for offense with the longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length for all sentences
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
New offenses since admission
Additional sentence time
Prior felony incarcerations
Inmate's state identification number
Types of sentences included in total maximum sentence
Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision
Parole hearing/eligibility date
Projected release date
Mandatory release date
Name of facility holding prisoner at yearend
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
What if we are unable to provide all of these data elements?
• If your agency does not collection one or more of these data elements, then you will not be able to
include them in the submission. Your participation in the NCRP is voluntary but your
participation is extremely important for creating national statistics about the prison population as
well as for understanding how the relationship between sentencing policies and practices in the
states contributes to changes in the prison population.
242
CHAPTER 1: NCRP INSTRUCTIONS AND VARIABLE
LIST
For 2012, three files are requested: Prison Admissions (Part A), Prison Releases (Part B), Parole Exits
(Part C) and Prison Custody (Part D). Instructions and the variable list for these four files are shown
below. At the end of Chapter 1 is a matrix showing the NCRP variables by Part.
PRISON ADMISSION RECORDS (PART A)
Submit one data record for each admission5 of a sentenced inmate during 2012:
Include:
• Admissions of sentenced inmates to your prison facilities 6, regardless of jurisdiction or
sentence length.
• Admissions of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to county or local jails.
• Admissions of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under contract to the
state.
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Admissions of sentenced inmates to your prison facilities who were transferred from another
one of your prison facilities.
• Inmates re-entering a prison facility after a temporary leave (30 days or less)
• Admissions of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction to Federal facilities, another state’s
facilities, or out-of-state private facilities.
• Admissions of unsentenced inmates to your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial, civil
commitments)
See the next page for the Part A variable list.
5
Include admissions resulting from new court commitments; probation, parole, or post-confinement community
supervision revocations; transfers from other jurisdictions; escape or AWOL returns; or returns from appeal or
bond.
6
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms;
reception, diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
prisoners. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
243
Part A (Prison Admissions) Variable List
Variable
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
17
29
30
31a
31b
31c
31d
32
33
34
35
36
37
39
40
41
42
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed
Date of admission to prison
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time
Prior prison time
Offense(s)
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Length of sentence for offense with longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Type of record
State identification number
Is any part of the total maximum sentence an indeterminate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a determinate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a mandatory minimum sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence restricted by truth in sentencing law?
Length of court- imposed sentence to community supervision
Parole hearing/eligibility date
Projected release date
Mandatory release date
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces?
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
244
PRISON RELEASE RECORDS (PART B)
Submit one data record for each release 7 of a sentenced inmate during 2012:
Include:
• Releases of sentenced inmates from your prison facilities 8, regardless of jurisdiction or
sentence length.
• Releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from county or local jails.
• Releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from in-state private prisons, including
both privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under contract to the
state.
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Releases of sentenced inmates from your prison facilities that were transferred from another
one of your prison facilities.
• Temporary releases of sentenced inmates (30 days or less)
• Releases of sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction from Federal facilities, another state’s
facilities, or out-of-state private facilities.
• Releases of unsentenced inmates from your prison facilities (e.g., inmates awaiting trial, civil
commitments)
See the next page for the Part B variable list.
7
Include conditional releases to parole or post-confinement community supervision; unconditional releases;
releases or transfers to other authorities; deaths; releases on appeal or bond if credit for time served is not given
while on release; or escapes from custody.
8
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms;
reception, diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
prisoners. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
245
Part B (Prison Releases) Variable List
Variable
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
17
18
19
20
21
22a
22b
23a
23b
24
25
29
30
31a
31b
31c
31d
32
36
37
39
40
41
42
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed
Date of admission to prison
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time
Prior prison time
Offense(s)
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Length of sentence for offense with longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Additional offenses since admission date
Additional sentence time since admission
Prior felony incarcerations
AWOL or escape
Community release prior to prison release
Number of days on community release
Date of release from prison
Location at time of prison release
Agencies assuming custody at time of prison release
Type of release from prison
Type of record
State identification number
Is any part of the total maximum sentence an indeterminate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a determinate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a mandatory minimum sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence restricted by truth in sentencing law?
Length of court- imposed sentence to community supervision
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces?
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
246
PAROLE EXIT RECORDS (PART C)
Submit one data record for each sentenced inmate who was released from parole/post-confinement
community supervision during 2012:
Include:
• Sentenced inmates from your parole or post-confinement community supervision agency,
regardless of jurisdiction or sentence length
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Inmates not yet sentenced (normally called “probation”), but can refer to any community
supervision program prior to sentencing
See the next page for the Part C file layout.
247
Part C (Parole Exits) Variable List
Variable
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
17
18
19
20
21
22a
22b
23a
23b
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31a
31b
31c
31d
32
36
37
39
40
41
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed
Date of admission to prison
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time
Prior prison time
Offense(s)
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Length of sentence for offense with longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Additional offenses since admission date
Additional sentence time since admission
Prior felony incarcerations
AWOL or escape
Community release prior to prison release
Number of days on community release
Date of release from prison
Location at time of prison release
Agencies assuming custody at time of prison release
Type of release from prison
Date of release from parole
Type of release from parole
Supervision status just prior to release (NOTE: change in response categories)
Type of record
State identification number
Is any part of the total maximum sentence an indeterminate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a determinate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a mandatory minimum sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence restricted by truth in sentencing law?
Length of court- imposed sentence to community supervision
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces?
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
248
42
43
44
45
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Date of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
Type of admission to parole/post-confinement community supervision
County of parole release OR county of parole office to which parolee reported
249
YEAR-END CUSTODY POPULATION RECORDS (PART D)
Submit one data record for each sentenced inmate under physical custody on December 31, 2012:
Include:
• Sentenced inmates in your prison facilities 9, regardless of jurisdiction or sentence length.
• Sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in county or local jails.
• Sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in in-state private prisons, including both
privately owned facilities and facilities operated by a private entity under contract to the state.
• Any inmate in the above categories who was temporarily released (less than 30 days) from a
facility.
Exclude (or provide a way for NCRP staff to identify these records in your data submission):
• Sentenced inmates under your jurisdiction held in Federal facilities, another state’s facilities,
or out-of-state private facilities.
• Unsentenced inmates held in your prison facilities (e.g., civil commitments, inmates awaiting
trial)
• Inmates who have escaped and are not in custody.
See the next page for the Part D variable list.
9
Prison facilities include prisons, penitentiaries, and correctional institutions; boot camps; prison farms;
reception, diagnostic, and classification centers; release centers, halfway houses, and road camps; forestry and
conservation camps; vocational training facilities; prison hospitals; and drug and alcohol treatment facilities for
prisoners. For inmates under home confinement, a private residence is not considered a prison facility.
250
Part D (Prison Custody) Variable List
Variable
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14a
14b
15
17
18
19
20
29
30
31a
31b
31c
31d
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Variable Description
County in which sentence was imposed
Inmate identification number
Date of birth
Sex
Race
Hispanic origin
Highest grade completed
Date of admission to prison
Type of admission to prison
Jurisdiction on date of admission
Prior jail time
Prior prison time
Offense(s)
Offense with the longest maximum sentence
Length of sentence for offense with longest maximum sentence
Total maximum sentence length
Location where inmate is to serve sentence
Additional offenses since admission date
Additional sentence time since admission
Prior felony incarcerations
Type of record
State identification number
Is any part of the total maximum sentence an indeterminate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a determinate sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence a mandatory minimum sentence?
Is any part of the total maximum sentence restricted by truth in sentencing law?
Length of court- imposed sentence to community supervision
Parole hearing/eligibility date
Projected release date
Mandatory release date
Prisoner first name
Prisoner last name
Name of facility holding prisoner at yearend
FBI identification number
Prior service in U.S. Armed Forces?
Date of last discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
Type of discharge from U.S. Armed Forces
251
CHAPTER 2: NCRP VARIABLES
VARIABLE 1 - COUNTY IN WHICH SENTENCE WAS IMPOSED
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The county where the court imposing the current sentence is located. If there are multiple
counties of commitment, enter the one which corresponds with the offense for which the person
received the longest maximum sentence.
VARIABLE 2 - INMATE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• A unique number that identifies an offender. This number identifies individual records in your
state and will allow Abt Associates staff to identify records that are duplicates or have other
problems.
Additional Information
• Do not use sequence numbers for identification numbers unless you can identify each inmate by
the sequence number and use the same sequence number for the inmate's every movement into or
out of the corrections system.
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt Associates
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, per the requirements of Title 42, United States Code, Sections
3735 and 3789g.
• This variable is not necessary if State Identification Number (Variable 30) is reported.
252
VARIABLE 3 - DATE OF BIRTH
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The offender’s date of birth
VARIABLE 4 - SEX
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The offender’s biological sex
VARIABLE 5 - RACE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The offender’s race
Additional Information
• If the person identifies with more than one racial category or as multi-racial, please report as “two
or more races.”
• Hispanic origin is a cultural characteristic rather than racial characteristic (see variable 6).
Persons of Hispanic origin can be black, white or some other racial group. When the information
is available, please code the racial characteristic of persons of Hispanic origin.
253
VARIABLE 6 - HISPANIC ORIGIN
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Whether the offender is of Hispanic origin
VARIABLE 7 - HIGHEST GRADE COMPLETED
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The highest academic grade level completed by the offender before being admitted to prison on
the current sentence.
Additional Information
• Do not report any educational work completed during incarceration on the current sentence.
• Do not report competency level.
VARIABLE 8 - DATE OF ADMISSION TO PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The most recent date the inmate was admitted into the custody of the state prison system on the
current sentence.
Additional Information
• Do not provide the sentencing date as the date of admission unless correctional custody began
immediately after sentencing. Admission date should never be prior to the sentencing date.
254
•
•
•
•
The date of admission for parole exit records must be the date of admission to prison prior to the
parole exit date.
New admission dates for inmates exiting from parole and returning to prison as violators should
be reported as a separate record on your prison admission file. Two separate records should be
written to your files: one parole exit record and one prison admission record.
Prisoner admission data should be provided for state prisoners housed in local jails. The date of
admission for prison inmates housed in local jails is the date on which the prison system assumed
jurisdiction, often the date of sentencing.
Once you submit to NCRP an admission record for a sentenced state prisoner who is housed in a
local jail, do not later report his/her transfer from jail to prison as an admission.
Examples
• A person held in a local jail is sentenced on April 3, 2009. Due to prison overcrowding, he
begins serving his sentence in the local jail immediately after sentencing. A Prisoner Admission
record is created and April 3, 2009 is the data of admission to prison.
• A prisoner held in a local jail is sentenced on April 3, 2009. Due to prison overcrowding, he
begins serving his sentence in a local jail immediately after sentencing. He is transferred and
physically enters prison on October 28, 2009. No record of any kind is created for the October
transfer. Instead, a Prisoner Admission record is created with April 3, 2009 as the date of
admission.
• A person was admitted originally on June 11, 2003. He was released to parole supervision in
2005 and readmitted to prison August 7, 2009 as the result of a parole revocation. For the current
admission, the date of admission to prison field is reported as August 7, 2009. For the current
parole exit record, the date of admission to prison is the admission date prior to the current parole
exit June 11, 2003.
VARIABLE 9 - TYPE OF ADMISSION TO PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The reason an offender entered into the physical custody of a correctional facility on the date
provided in Variable 8 (Date of Admission to Prison) of the current record.
• As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code
your agency’s admission type codes into the NCRP admission type categories listed below.
NCRP Admission Type Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, your agency’s admission type categories into the
following NCRP admission type categories:
255
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Court Commitment. A person being admitted to prison on one or more new sentences; the person
is being confined for the first time on this/these particular sentence(s) and is not being re-admitted
on any previous sentences still in effect. Includes inmates sentenced to prison for brief periods of
time, usually 90 or 180 days, after which they are either released to probation or remain in prison.
Does not include court commitments of the offender to prison to continue serving sentence at the
end of the "shock" period. Also does not include all revocations of probation, parole or other
conditional release with or without a new sentence for a new offense; all transfers unless the
inmate has completed all previous sentences and is beginning to serve time on a new sentence;
and all returns from escape or unauthorized departures.
Returned from Appeal or Bond. An offender's re-entry into prison after an absence on appeal
bond during which his/her sentence time was not running. A new admission record should not be
created upon an inmate's return if the inmate's sentence time continued to run while he/she was on
appeal bond.
Transfer. The admission of a person from the custody of another detaining authority to continue
serving the same sentence. This includes inmates admitted from a long term stay in a hospital,
mental health facility or another state or federal prison, but does not include movements from
prison to prison within your state, the return of an inmate sent temporarily to another state to
stand trial, or inmates who have completed a sentence in another state and are transferred to your
state to begin serving a different sentence.
Parole Revocation, New Sentence. The admission of a person whose parole was revoked because
of a new sentence. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released by the decision of the
paroling authority. Revocation is the administrative action of a paroling authority removing a
person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions of parole. This category is only
applicable to those cases in which revocation proceedings have been completed.
Parole Revocation, No New Sentence. The admission of a person whose parole was revoked
because of a technical violation. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released by the
decision of the paroling authority. Revocation is the administrative action of a paroling authority
removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions of parole. This
category is only applicable to those cases where revocation proceedings have been completed.
Parole Revocation, No Information. The admission of a person whose parole was revoked for
unknown reasons. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released by the decision of the
paroling authority. Revocation is the administrative action of a paroling authority removing a
person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions of parole. This category is only
applicable to those cases in which revocation proceedings have been completed.
Mandatory Parole Release Revocation, New Sentence. The admission of a person on mandatory
parole release whose parole was revoked because of a new sentence. Mandatory Parole occurs
when an inmate by law must be conditionally released. Revocation is the administrative action of
a paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions
of parole. This type of release may also be called "mandatory conditional release" or "supervised
mandatory release." This category is only applicable to those cases in which revocation
proceedings have been completed.
Mandatory Parole Release Revocation, No New Sentence. The admission of a person on
mandatory parole release whose parole was revoked because of a technical violation. Mandatory
Parole occurs when an inmate by law must be conditionally released. Revocation is the
administrative action of a paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to
a violation of conditions of parole. This type of release may also be called "mandatory
256
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
conditional release" or "supervised mandatory release." This category is only applicable to those
cases where revocation proceedings have been completed.
Mandatory Parole Release Revocation, No Information. The admission of a person on mandatory
parole release whose parole was revoked for unknown reasons. Mandatory Parole occurs when an
inmate by law must be conditionally released. Revocation is the administrative action of a
paroling authority removing a person from parole status in response to a violation of conditions of
parole. This type of release may also be called "mandatory conditional release" or "supervised
mandatory release." This category is only applicable to those cases where revocation proceedings
have been completed.
Court Commitment/Suspended Sentence Imposed. The admission is the result of the court's
imposition of a previously suspended sentence.
Escapee/AWOL Returned, New Sentence. If an escaped inmate is returned with a new sentence.
The new sentence may be for escaping or another offense.
Escapee/AWOL Returned, No New Sentence. If an escaped inmate is returned and there is no new
sentence, even though there may be new charges for the escape or another offense.
Escapee/AWOL Returned, No Information. If an escaped inmate is returned and it is not known if
there is a new sentence.
Court Commitment/Parole Status, Pending Revocation. If the inmate has violated a parole that
was granted by a parole authority but his/her parole has not been formally revoked.
Court Commitment/Mandatory Parole Release Status, Pending Revocation. If the inmate is
returned to prison as a Mandatory Parole Violator, but his/her parole has not been formally
revoked.
Probation Revocation, New Sentence. Probation Revocation is a court order taking away a
person's probationary status in response to a violation of conditions of probation. Use if the
probation was revoked as a result of a new sentence.
Probation Revocation, No New Sentence. Probation Revocation is a court order taking away a
person's probationary status in response to a violation of conditions of probation. Use if probation
is revoked due to a technical violation.
Probation Revocation, No Information. Probation Revocation is a court order taking away a
person's probationary status in response to a violation of conditions of probation. Use if the
probation was revoked and the reason is not known.
Other.
Not Known.
Examples of NCRP Admission Type Categories
• Court Commitment
o A person is sentenced by the court for murder and transported to a state correctional
institution to begin serving his/her sentence.
o A person is sentenced by the court for murder and transported to a state correctional
facility to begin serving his/her sentence. This person is still on parole for a robbery
he/she committed four years ago but his/her parole revocation hearing has not been held
yet. This admission is not a Court Commitment, but instead would be either a Court
Commitment/Parole Status, Pending Revocation or Court Commitment/Mandatory Parole
Release Status, Pending Revocation.
257
o A person is sentenced in 1993 to serve three years for burglary. He/she is conditionally
released after one year and completes his/her time on parole. He/she is now being
incarcerated for a burglary for which he/she has never served a sentence.
o An offender receives a sentence of five years, the first 120 days to be served in prison, the
remainder on probation.
• Returned from Appeal or Bond
o An inmate in prison is granted an appeal and released on bond. His/her sentence time is
not running. His/her guilt and sentence are later reaffirmed and he/she returns to prison
to resume serving his/her sentence.
• Transfer
o An inmate serving a prison sentence was declared insane and surrendered to the custody
of the State Department of Mental Health. This movement constituted a transfer release.
This year the inmate is found sane and returns to prison to resume serving the sentence.
o An inmate is sentenced in California to serve 5 years for burglary and enters a California
prison to begin serving his/her sentence. During the report year, he/she is transferred to a
Nevada prison for protective custody. This movement is a prison release type, "Transfer"
for California. Nevada would report this inmate's admission as a transfer.
o An inmate serving a prison sentence in Rhode Island is temporarily released to Vermont
to stand trial for charges in that state. The inmate is found guilty and returned one week
later to Rhode Island to continue serving his/her time. No admission or release record is
created by either state.
o A Rhode Island inmate is serving a two-year sentence. After serving one year of his/her
sentence, he/she is sent to Vermont to serve the balance of his/her sentence. The correct
response for each state is as follows.
Rhode Island creates a prison release record - Variable 25 is coded as Transfer.
Vermont creates a prison admission record - Variable 9 is coded as Transfer.
o In February of the report year, an inmate is admitted to a Maryland State prison to begin
serving a three year sentence for armed robbery. In June of the same year, he/she is
transferred to a county detention facility for safekeeping. An admission record is created
when the inmate is admitted in February. No admission or release record is created when
the inmate is transferred to the county facility because he/she is still serving the state
sentence at the county facility and he/she is still in the state of Maryland.
o Due to overcrowding, a Maine inmate is transferred during the report year from the
Maine Correctional Center (a state facility) to the Maine State Prison. The correct
response is to create no admission or release record for inmates that are transferred
among state facilities within your state.
• Parole Revocations
o While on parole, the offender commits an armed robbery and is sentenced to serve time
for that offense. His/her parole is revoked, and he/she enters prison to begin serving time
on the new sentence. “Parole revocation, new sentence" is the correct code.
• Mandatory Parole Releases
o While on mandatory parole release, a parolee fails to report to his/her parole authority.
His/her parole is revoked and he/she returns to prison to continue serving time on the
original sentence. "Mandatory parole revocation, no new sentence" is the correct code to
use in this instance.
• Mandatory Parole Releases
258
While on mandatory parole release, a parolee fails to report to his/her parole authority.
His/her parole is revoked and he/she returns to prison to continue serving time on the
original sentence. “Mandatory parole revocation, no new sentence" is the correct code to
use in this instance.
• Escape/AWOL Return
o An inmate escaped from prison in December, last year. A release record was created for
that calendar year. He/she was located and returned to prison in June this year with no
new sentence. An admission record is created and the admission type is coded "escapee
returned, no new sentence."
o An inmate escaped from prison in June. While on escape status, he/she commits a
burglary and is arrested and placed in jail. He/she is found guilty of burglary, sentenced,
and returned to prison in December. His/her admission type is "escapee returned, new
sentence."
• Court Commitment/Parole Status, Pending Revocation
o A parolee violates the conditions of his/her parole and is accused of committing a new
offense. He/she is returned to prison. The new charges are pending. The parole
revocation hearing has not been held yet. The correct code is "parole status, pending
revocation."
o
VARIABLE 10 - JURISDICTION ON DATE OF ADMISSION
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition:
• The state with the legal authority to enforce the prison sentence is the state having jurisdiction.
Examples
• An inmate is convicted of murder in Maryland and sentenced to a 10 year prison term. He begins
serving his sentence in the Maryland state penitentiary. In this case, Maryland is the correct
value.
• An inmate is convicted of murder in Maryland and sentenced to a 10-year prison term. He begins
serving his sentence in a Virginia prison to ensure protective custody. In this case, Maryland is
the correct value.
• An inmate is convicted of armed robbery in the District of Columbia and is sentenced to prison
for 6 years. Due to his previous incarceration history, he is going to serve his sentence in a
Federal prison. In this case, the District of Columbia is the correct value.
259
VARIABLE 11 - PRIOR JAIL TIME
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The length of time served in jail prior to the date of admission (provided in Variable 8) and
credited to prison service for the current sentence.
Additional Information
• Prior jail time is used in the calculation of "time served" in prison at time of release.
• If it is known that some prior time had been served but prior jail time cannot be distinguished
from prior prison time, include all prior time in the prior prison time category (variable 12).
Examples
• A man was arrested and charged with burglary on January 1 of this year. He spent two months in
jail awaiting trial. He was convicted on March 1 and was sentenced to serve two years in prison.
The judge allows his time in jail to be credited toward his total sentence. The correct value to
report is two months.
• A man was arrested and charged with burglary on January 1 of this year. He spent two months in
jail awaiting trial. He was convicted and sentenced on March 1. The judge states that his prison
time begins running as of his date of sentencing. The correct value to report is zero days, because
no time in jail was credited toward his sentence.
• On July 1, 2005 an inmate was admitted to a local jail, due to overcrowding, to begin serving a
5-year sentence for drug trafficking. He was released to parole on December 15, 2006. He is
now being admitted to prison on a parole revocation and must serve the remainder of his drug
trafficking sentence in prison. The time he served in jail for this offense, prior to his/her parole,
counts toward his total time incarcerated on the current sentence and must be reported. The
correct value to report is one year, five months, and 15 days.
VARIABLE 12 - PRIOR PRISON TIME
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The length of time served in prison prior to the date of admission (provided in Variable 8) and
credited to prison service for the current sentence.
260
Additional Information
• Prior prison time is used in the calculation of time served in prison.
• If it is known that some prior time had been served but prior jail time cannot be distinguished
from prior prison time, include all prior time in the prior prison time category.
• Only time spent in confinement and credited against the current sentence should be reported.
Examples
• A man is admitted to prison on June 1, 2003 to begin serving a 10-year term for armed robbery.
He is paroled July 10, 2010. He violates the conditions of his parole and returns to prison this
year to complete his sentence. The time he served in prison prior to his parole counts toward his
total time served for this offense and must be reported. The correct value to report is 7 years, 1
month, and 10 days.
• A man is admitted to prison on June 1, 2003 to begin serving a 10-year term for armed robbery.
His sentence is commuted on July 10, 2010 and he is unconditionally released. However, he
commits a new offense this year and is sentenced to serve 3 years in prison. His previous
sentence does not affect this new sentence in any way. The correct value to report is 0 days.
VARIABLE 13 - OFFENSE(S)
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Crime(s) for which the offender was admitted to prison on the current sentence(s). For persons
readmitted to prison, the original crime(s) in addition to any new crime(s) resulting in the current
sentence(s) should be indicated.
Codes / Coding Information
• Use your state's own offense codes.
• Include the number of counts of each offense
Additional Information
• Please submit offense code documentation along with NCRP data submission. This
documentation should include all of your states' offense codes and a description of each offense.
VARIABLE 14a - OFFENSE WITH LONGEST MAXIMUM SENTENCE
Applies To
261
•
•
•
•
Prison Admissions (Part A)
Prison Releases (Part B)
Parole Exits (Part C)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Of the crimes coded in Variable 13, this is the ONE crime for which the inmate received the
longest sentence.
Additional Information
• If the inmate received the same maximum sentence length for two different offenses, provide the
one your state would designate as the "controlling," "driving," or "most serious" offense.
• Do not combine the sentences of the identical offenses that were combined in Variable 13 to
determine the offense with the longest maximum sentence regardless of whether the sentences
were consecutive or concurrent.
VARIABLE 14b – LENGTH OF SENTENCE FOR OFFENSE WITH
LONGEST MAXIMUM SENTENCE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The maximum sentence as stated by the court, that the offender is required to serve for the
offense listed in Variable 14a.
Additional Information
• This is the maximum sentence imposed by the court for one specific offense and should not
reflect any statutory or administrative sentence reductions.
• If the inmate has more than one sentence for the same type of offense, such as 2 years for one
burglary (or one count of burglary) and 3 years for another burglary (on another count of
burglary), the 3-year sentence would be reported for Variable 14b. Even if "burglary" was
entered only once in Variable 13 (because there were four or more offenses), the sentence length
of the identical offense should not be combined for Variable 14b.
• If the offense reported in Variable 14a is one for which the inmate was previously placed on
parole or probation, provide the original maximum sentence not the part of the sentence
remaining to be served.
• Please document any other code for life or death sentences that may appear on your file.
Examples
262
•
•
•
A man enters prison to begin serving time for three sentences. He received 5 years for burglary, 3
years for auto theft, and 1 year for a minor drug violation. The sentences are to be served
consecutively and result in a TOTAL maximum sentence of 9 years. However, for Variable 14a
and 14b, you need to indicate the one specific offense with the longest sentence. The correct
response for Variable 14a is your state code for burglary, and for 5 years for Variable 14b.
A man enters prison to begin serving time for two sentences. He received 5 years for burglary
and 5 years for drug trafficking, both sentences to be served concurrently. In your state, burglary
is considered more serious and to be the "controlling" offense. Therefore, for Variable 14a, you
would provide your state code for burglary, and 5 years for Variable 14b.
A woman enters prison to begin serving time for three counts of burglary. She received 6 years
for the first count, 6 years for the second, and 4 years for the third, all to be served consecutively.
In Variable 14a, would be your state code for burglary, and 6 years for Variable 14b. Each count
is to be considered separately when it carries its own sentence length.
VARIABLE 15 - TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE LENGTH
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The longest length of time as stated by the court that the offender could be required to serve for
all offenses specified in Variable 13 (Offenses).
Additional Information
• This is the maximum sentence imposed by the court and should not reflect any statutory or
administrative sentence reductions.
• Do not reduce the court sentence, subtract time credits, or subtract prior jail or prison time
• If all or a portion of a maximum sentence has been conditionally suspended (that is, the sentenced
person may in the future be required to serve the suspended sentence or only a portion under
certain circumstances), enter as the "Maximum Sentence" the sum of the unsuspended and
suspended portions of the maximum sentence of each offense for which the inmate is currently in
prison.
• Do not report unconditionally suspended sentences.
• If all or a portion of a maximum sentence has been unconditionally suspended (that is, the person
cannot be required to serve the suspended sentence or any portion under any circumstances),
enter as the "Maximum Sentence" only the unsuspended portions of the sentences.
• For a split sentence or shock probation, enter as the maximum sentence the sum of the prison and
probation segments of the sentence(s).
• Provide the sum of sentences to be served consecutively. Do not add sentences to be served
concurrently.
263
Examples
• An inmate receives a sentence of 3 years for possession of marijuana, 2 years conditionally
suspended. He/she will be placed under the supervision of a parole officer after being imprisoned
for one year. The correct value for Variable 15 is 3 years; that is, if his behavior is not
satisfactory, he/she will serve 3 years in prison.
• A person receives a sentence of 5 years for burglary, one year unconditionally suspended. He/she
will receive no supervision during the one year regardless of his/her behavior. The correct value
for Variable 15 is 4 years.
• A person receives a 10-year sentence for armed robbery, is paroled after 3 years, but returns to
prison on a technical violation 6 months later. The correct value for Variable 15 is 10 years,
reflecting his/her original maximum sentence.
• A first offender receives a 5-year sentence for manslaughter, 90 days to be served in prison and
the remainder on probation. The correct value for Variable 15 is 5 years.
• An offender enters prison to serve 6 years on a burglary conviction and 5 years on a drug
conviction. The two sentences are to be served consecutively. The correct value for Variable 15
is 11 years.
• An offender enters prison to serve 6 years on a burglary conviction and 5 years on a drug
conviction. The two sentences are to be served concurrently. The correct value for Variable 15 is
6 years.
(There is no variable 16)
VARIABLE 17 - LOCATION WHERE INMATE IS TO SERVE SENTENCE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The type of facility in which the offender will be incarcerated to serve time for his/her crime.
• The name of the facility can be provided instead. In this case, provide information in a separate
file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code the name of facility into the NCRP facility type
categories listed below.
NCRP Facility Type Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, information on the facility you provide into the following
NCRP Facility Type Categories:
•
State Prison Facility. A state administered confinement facility having custodial authority over
persons sentenced to confinement.
264
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Local Jail. A confinement facility administered by an agency of the local government intended
for adults but sometimes also houses juveniles, which holds persons detained pending
adjudication and persons committed after adjudication usually with sentences of a year or less.
Other Specify. All other facilities except those specified above which house sentenced prisoners.
Provide documentation for the type of facility included in this category.
Mental Hospital. A confinement facility for the diagnosis or treatment of mentally ill patients.
Medical Hospital. A facility designed for the treatment of persons with illnesses other than
mental disorders.
Rehabilitation Unit. A residential treatment facility designed for the care of patients with drug or
alcohol problems.
Federal Prison. A confinement facility administered by the Federal government having custodial
authority over persons sentenced to confinement.
Not Known.
Examples
• An offender is sentenced to serve 5 years for a possession of marijuana conviction. Due to prison
overcrowding she is to be housed in the local jail. The correct value to report is "local jail."
• An offender is admitted to prison to serve 5 years for a possession of marijuana conviction. She
is then placed in a drug treatment facility and will stay there through the completion of the
program - a minimum of 1 year. The correct value to report is "Rehabilitation Unit."
• An offender is sentenced to serve 5 years for a possession of marijuana conviction. She is to
serve her sentence in a Federal penitentiary. The correct value to report is "Federal Prison."
VARIABLE 18 - ADDITIONAL OFFENSES SINCE ADMISSION DATE
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Any additional offense imposed after the date of admission (Variable 8), regardless of the date of
the crime.
Codes / Coding Information
• Use your own state's offense codes.
Additional Information
• If after admission, a revocation of parole or probation occurred and the inmate received a
sentence for violating his/her parole or probation, please specify your state codes for probation or
parole violation offenses as appropriate.
Examples
265
•
A parolee is readmitted to prison for violating his/her parole. After three months in prison he/she
receives an additional 5 year sentence for a new burglary conviction. The correct value to report
is your state code for burglary.
VARIABLE 19 - ADDITIONAL SENTENCE TIME SINCE ADMISSION
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The maximum time the inmate may be incarcerated consecutive to the sentence length coded in
Variable 15.
Examples
• A parolee is readmitted to prison for violating her parole with 6 months remaining on her
sentence. After three months in prison, she receives an additional 5 year sentence for a new
burglary conviction to be served consecutive to the current sentence. The correct value to report
is 5 years.
• A parolee is readmitted to prison for violating her parole with 5 years remaining on her sentence.
After being admitted to prison, she receives an additional 5 year sentence for a new burglary
conviction to be served concurrent to the current sentence. The correct value to report is 0 years.
VARIABLE 20 - PRIOR FELONY INCARCERATIONS
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Was the offender ever sentenced to confinement for a felony as a juvenile or adult prior to his/her
current prison admission (Variable 8)?
Additional Information
• Do not include detention before trial or sentencing.
• Do not report non-incarceration sentences such as probation, unless at some point prison time
occurred.
Examples
266
•
Ten years ago, a man served 3 years in prison for robbery and was released, having satisfied the
conditions of his/her sentence. He is once again being admitted to begin serving time on a new
sentence. The correct value to report is “Yes.”
VARIABLE 21 - AWOL OR ESCAPE
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Did the inmate escape (the unlawful departure from physical custody or flight from the custody of
correctional personnel) or fail to return from an authorized temporary absence (AWOL) while
serving the sentence?
Additional Information
• Include in this category any inmate who escaped or was AWOL while serving time on this
sentence, regardless of whether they returned to prison or not.
Examples
• An offender has completed his/her prison term of 5 years for larceny. During the first year of
his/her sentence, he/she escaped from prison and was returned soon thereafter. The correct value
is "Yes."
VARIABLE 22a - COMMUNITY RELEASE PRIOR TO PRISON RELEASE
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Prior to release from the custody of a prison system, was the inmate concurrently under
community based supervision or placement? This includes programs such as halfway houses,
work furloughs, etc.
Examples
• An inmate is admitted from prison to the state work release program on February 1st of the
reporting year. He/she continues to serve his/her sentence while working in the community. On
March 1st of the same year, he/she is returned to prison in order to be released. The correct value
for Variable 22a is "Yes."
267
VARIABLE 22b – NUMBER OF DAYS ON COMMUNITY RELEASE
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The number of days the inmate was on community release prior to release from prison, if the
inmate was concurrently under community based supervision or placement prior to release from
the custody of a prison system.
Examples
• An inmate is admitted from prison to the state work release program on February 1st of the
reporting year. He/she continues to serve his/her sentence while working in the community. On
March 1st of the same year, he/she is returned to prison in order to be released. The correct value
for Variable 22a is "Yes." In Variable 22b, the correct value is 28 days, the number of days on
community release prior to prison release.
VARIABLE 23a - DATE OF RELEASE FROM PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The most recent calendar date that the state's prison custody terminated.
Additional Information
• On parole exit records, this is the most recent prison release date prior to the parole exit date on
the same record.
Examples
• An inmate was released to parole on June 3, 2009. The correct value to report is June 3, 2009.
VARIABLE 23b - LOCATION AT TIME OF PRISON RELEASE
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The type of facility that had been used for the custody or care of the offender just prior to release.
268
•
The name of the facility can be provided instead. In this case, provide information in a separate
file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code the name of facility into the NCRP facility type
categories listed below.
NCRP Facility Type Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, information on the facility you provide into the following
NCRP Facility Type Categories:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
State Prison Facility. A confinement facility administered by the state with custodial authority
over adults sentenced to confinement.
Local Jail. A confinement facility administered by an agency of the local government, intended
for adults but sometimes also containing juveniles. Holds persons detained pending adjudication
and/or persons committed after adjudication, usually with sentences of a year or less.
Other – Specify. All facilities except those listed above which house sentenced prisoners.
Provide documentation for the types of facilities you include in this category.
Halfway House. A long-term residential facility in which residents are allowed extensive contact
with the community, (e.g., attending school).
Community Work Center or Work Release. A residential facility in which residents are employed
and allowed extensive contact with the community.
Pre-release Center. A residential facility in which inmates may be placed in order to seek
employment, housing, etc.
Federal Prison. A confinement facility administered by the Federal government with custodial
authority over persons sentenced to confinement.
Unknown. Information not available
Examples
• An offender served a 2-year prison term for burglary in the local jail due to overcrowding at the
state penitentiary. This would be coded as Local Jail.
• An offender was sentenced to 18 months for a drug offense. The first 12 months were served in a
drug rehabilitation program in a county hospital. The offender then served the rest of his/her
sentence in prison. This would be coded as State Prison Facility.
VARIABLE 24 - AGENCIES ASSUMING CUSTODY AT TIME OF
PRISON RELEASE
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Type and location of the agency or agencies that assumes custody (physical or supervisory) over
an inmate's freedom at the time of prison release.
269
•
The name of the agency can be provided instead. In this case, provide information in a separate
file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code the name of the agency into the NCRP agency type
categories listed below.
NCRP Agency Type Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, information on the agency you provide into the following
NCRP Agency Type Categories:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
None
Other Prison Outside of State
Other Prison - Federal System
Parole Within State (Include Parole Agencies in DOC)
Parole Outside State
Parole - Federal System
Probation within State
Probation Outside State
Probation Federal System
Mental/Medical Facility Within State
Mental/Medical Facility Outside of State
Mental/Medical Facility - Federal
Other Within State – Specify
Other Outside State – Specify
Other - Federal – Specify
Not Known
Examples
• An inmate is released from a state prison to a detainer from Federal authorities. He/she is
transported to a Federal prison in another state. "Other Prison, Federal" is the correct value.
• After serving two-thirds of his/her sentence, an offender is required by law to be placed on parole.
He/she will be supervised by the paroling authority of that state. "Parole, Within State" is the
correct value.
VARIABLE 25 - TYPE OF RELEASE FROM PRISON
Applies To
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Method of departure from the custody of your prison system on the reported date of release (in
variable 23a of the current record).
• As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code
your agency’s release type codes into the NCRP release type categories listed below.
270
NCRP Release Type Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, your agency’s release type categories into the following
NCRP release type categories:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Parole Board Decision. A conditional release granted by a board or commission that has the
authority to release adult prisoners to parole, to revoke parole, and to discharge an offender from
parole.
Mandatory Parole Release. A conditional release from prison which is mandated by law rather
than granted by a parole board.
Probation Release. A conditional release to court supervision or supervision by a probation
authority after the inmate is confined usually for a brief period in a prison facility. These cases
are often called "Split Sentences" or "Shock Probation."
Other Conditional Releases – Specify. All other conditional releases not covered by the preceding
categories. Always describe the nature of the release in your documentation.
Expiration of Sentence. The termination of the period of time an offender has been required to
serve in a state prison.
Commutation/Pardon. A reduction of the term of confinement or an executive order excusing the
remainder of the sentence and pardon resulting in immediate unconditional release.
Release to Custody, Detainer, or Warrant. Unconditionally releasing an inmate to custody of
another authority. The original prison authority relinquishes all claims upon the inmate.
Other Unconditional Release – Specify. All unconditional releases not covered by the preceding
three categories. Always document the nature of the release.
Death by Natural Causes. Death due to illness, old age, AIDS, etc.
Death by Suicide.
Death by Homicide by Another Inmate.
Death by Other Homicide. The death of an inmate caused by a person who is not an inmate
that is not legally justifiable.
Death by Execution.
Death by Other – Specify. All deaths not covered by the preceding six categories. Always
document the manner of death. Use "Other" to report an inmate's death which is due to accidental
injury caused by another person (whether the other person is an inmate or not).
Death by Accidental Injury to Self. Death caused by the inmate accidentally injuring
himself/herself.
Transfer. The movement of a person from the custody of your state's correctional system to the
custody of another authority while serving the same sentence. (Transfers are permanent or
indefinite releases for such purposes as long-term mental health commitment, safekeeping in
another state, or housing in a Federal facility.)
Release on Appeal or Bond. An offender is released to seek or participate in an appeal of his/her
case and is not receiving credit on his/her sentence while out of confinement. If the inmate is
being given credit on the remainder of his/her time while out of confinement or bond, or
appealing his/her case, do not report a release.
AWOL/Escape. An inmate who is absent from your state's custody without leave or has escaped
from state prison. If your state reports AWOLs and Escapes as releases, you must report their
recapture as admissions.
271
•
•
Other – Specify. All other releases not specifically defined in the above categories. Specify in
your documentation the type of releases included in this category.
Not Known. The type of release from prison is not known.
Additional Information
• Verify that all releases included in the OTHER category are releases from the custody of this
prison system and releases of sentenced persons.
• For release on appeal or bond, do not include temporary movements to court (e.g., to testify or
appear at a brief hearing).
• Do include transfers to other states to continue serving a sentence.
• Do not include movements from prison to prison within your state.
• Do not include movements of state prisoners to local jails because the prison is crowded or for
such reasons as overcrowding, safekeeping, etc.
• State inmates housed in local jails are to be considered as state prison inmates.
• Do not include temporary absences for such reasons as court appearances, training or medical
care.
• A detainer is an official notice from one authority agency to another authority agency requesting
that a person wanted by them, but subject to the other agency's jurisdiction, not be released or
discharged without notification to the authority agency requesting the person.
• The placing of a detainer is often, but not always, prior to the issuing of a warrant. Typical
reasons for the detainer are that the person is wanted for trial in the requesting jurisdiction or is
wanted to serve a sentence.
• Conditional Release is the release from a federal or state correctional facility of a prisoner who
has not completed his/her sentence, and whose freedom is contingent upon obeying specified
rules of behavior while in the community. The offender can be re-incarcerated on current
sentence(s).
• Persons on mandatory supervised parole are usually subject to the same conditions as parolees,
and can be returned to prison by a parole board decision for technical violations of release
conditions. However, the difference is that the release is not a discretionary decision of a
paroling authority.
• If you need to report a type of release not defined by one of the codes provided, assign a unique
code and define it in your documentation.
Examples
• For Parole Board Decision,
o An inmate is granted a release by the Parole Board after serving 3 years of a 10 year
sentence.
• For Mandatory Parole Release,
o An inmate received a 3 year sentence for heroin possession. The law requires that the
inmate be released to parole after serving a year.
• For Probation Release,
o An offender serves 180 days in prison and returns to court for a hearing. The judge
allows him/her to serve the remainder of his/her sentence on probation.
• For Expiration of Sentence,
272
A person given a maximum sentence of 5 years for robbery is released, without parole
supervision, after serving 5 years.
o A person given a maximum sentence of 5 years for robbery is released without parole
supervision, after serving 3 1/2 years and receiving 1 1/2 years of irrevocable "Good
Time."
For Commutation/Pardon,
o After the legislature reduced marijuana offenses from felonies to misdemeanors, the 15
year sentence of a person is reduced by the Governor to actual time served, 2 1/2 years,
and the inmate is unconditionally released.
For Release to Custody, Detainer, or Warrant,
o A man is serving three years for armed robbery in Maine. Extradition papers from Texas
on another armed robbery charge await him, however, so he is released to Texas custody.
For Transfer,
o An inmate is threatened by other inmates. He/she is transferred to the custody of another
state to complete his/her sentence.
o On June 10th of the report year, a Texas inmate is sent from the state prison to the
Department of Corrections training school. On June 24th of the report year, the training
is completed and the inmate is sent back to the state prison. No admission or release
movement should be reported.
o Due to crowding, a Maine inmate is transferred on June 6th of the report year from the
Maine State Correctional Center to the Maine State Prison. No admission or release
movement should be reported.
o An inmate is admitted to a Rhode Island prison on February 1st of the report year, to
begin serving a three year sentence for armed robbery. On June 5th of the report year,
the inmate is transferred to a county detention facility for safekeeping. No admission or
release movement should be reported.
o
•
•
•
VARIABLE 26 - DATE OF EXIT FROM PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Date of exit from parole/post-confinement community supervision
VARIABLE 27 - TYPE OF EXIT FROM PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Method of departure from the from parole/post-confinement community supervision on the
reported date of exit (in variable 26 of the current record).
273
•
As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code
your agency’s parole exit type codes into the NCRP parole exit type categories listed below.
NCRP Parole Exit Type Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, your agency’s release type categories into the following
NCRP release type categories:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case Closed/Maximum Date/Pardon/Court
Order/Suspended Sentence
Discharged, Absconder. An illegal exit before the parolee’s community supervision before
sentence is complete.
Discharged or Transferred to Custody, Detainer, Warrant, Including Immigration and
Naturalization. Legal exit from state community supervision before sentence is complete to
transfer to another law enforcement agency.
Returned to Prison or Jail, New Sentence/Parole Merged with New Commitment
Returned to Prison or Jail, Parole Revocation
Returned to Prison or Jail, Revocation Pending
Returned to Prison or Jail, Charges Pending
Transferred to Another Jurisdiction. Parolee transferred to the jurisdiction of a different state.
Death
Other (Document types of exits included in this category.)
Not Known
VARIABLE 28 - SUPERVISION STATUS JUST PRIOR TO RELEASE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• Prior to the parolee’s exit from state post-confinement community supervision, the type of
supervision he was under
• As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code
your agency’s supervision status codes into the NCRP supervision status categories listed below.
NCRP Parole Supervision Status Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, your agency’s supervision status categories into the
following NCRP supervision status categories:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Active
Inactive
Absconded. Illegal exit from parole.
Supervised Out of State
Other
Only have financial conditions remaining. New category for 2012. Parolee is not being
supervised other than making financial
274
•
Not Known
VARIABLE 29 – NCRP RECORD TYPE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The NCRP record type.
The NCRP Record Type Categories
• A - Prison Admissions
• B - Prison Releases
• C – Parole Exits
• D - Prison Custody
VARIABLE 30 - STATE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The inmate's State Identification (SID) Number.
Additional Information
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt Associates
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics as required by Title 42, United States Code, Sections 3735
and 3789g.
• If your state's privacy or confidentiality requirements prevent the use of the inmate's State
Identification Number, leave this variable blank.
VARIABLE 31a – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
AN INDETERMINATE SENTENCE?
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
275
•
•
•
Prison Releases (Part B)
Parole Exits (Part C)
Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Does the total maximum sentence (Variable 15) include an indeterminate sentence (a sentence in
which the judge specifies a minimum and maximum prison term and an administrative agency or
parole board has the authority to release the offender from prison).
Examples
• An offender is serving a 10-year determinate sentence for robbery under a truth in sentencing law,
and a 5-year sentence for drug trafficking under a mandatory minimum law.
o Enter “No” for variable 31a (indeterminate sentence),
o “Yes” for variable 31b (determinate sentence),
o “Yes” for Variable 31c (mandatory minimum sentence), and
o “Yes” for variable 31d (restricted by a truth in sentencing law).
• An offender is serving a 10 to 15-year indeterminate sentence for vehicular homicide, a 5-year
determinate sentence for reckless endangerment, and a 3-year determinate sentence for driving
under the influence of drugs. The 10 to 15-year indeterminate sentence for vehicular homicide is
restricted by a truth in sentencing law. The vehicular homicide sentence is not a mandatory
minimum, nor is the 5-year sentence for reckless endangerment. It is not known whether the 3year sentence for driving under the influence of drugs is a mandatory minimum sentence. The
correct entry is:
o Variable 31a (indeterminate sentence) –Yes.
o Variable 31b (determinate sentence) –Yes.
o Variable 31c (mandatory minimum) – Not Known.
o Variable 31d (truth in sentencing) – Yes.
VARIABLE 31b – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
A DETERMINATE SENTENCE?
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Does the total maximum sentence (Variable 15) include a determinate sentence (a sentence in
which the judge sets a fixed prison term. The sentence may be reduced by good time credits or
earned time, and an administrative agency, such as a parole board, does not have the authority to
release the offender from prison)?
Examples (see Variable 31a)
276
VARIABLE 31c – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
A MANDATORY MINIMUM SENTENCE?
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Does the total maximum sentence (Variable 15) include a mandatory minimum sentence (a
minimum sentence specified by statute for a particular crime).
Examples (see Variable 31a)
VARIABLE 31d – IS ANY PART OF THE TOTAL MAXIMUM SENTENCE
RESTRICTED BY A TRUTH IN SENTENCING LAW?
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Is the total maximum sentence (Variable 15) restricted by a Truth in Sentencing Law (a statute
which mandates that a certain percentage of the court- imposed sentence be served in prison).
Examples (see Variable 31a)
VARIABLE 32 – LENGTH OF COURT-IMPOSED SENTENCE TO
COMMUNITY SUPERVISION
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The amount of time which the court states that the offender is required to serve under community
supervision after release from prison.
277
Additional Information
• This variable is applicable only if the court imposed a sentence to community supervision that is
separate from the sentence to prison.
• The sentence to post-incarceration community supervision may be in the form of parole,
probation, or other supervision in the community, as ordered by the court.
• This variable should be reported only if a sentence to community supervision was imposed BY
THE COURT. If the court did not impose a sentence to community supervision, this variable
should be reported as “not applicable.”
Examples
• The offender is sentenced by the court to serve a 5-year fixed prison term and an additional 2year term on community supervision after release from prison. The correct value to report is 2
years.
• The offender is sentenced by the court to serve a 2 to 10-year sentence in prison. The court did
not sentence the offender to a separate term of community supervision. The term of community
supervision will be determined by an administrative agency, such as a parole board, when the
offender is approved for release from prison. The correct value to report is “not applicable.”
VARIABLE 33 – PAROLE HEARING/ELIGIBILITY DATE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The date the offender is eligible for review by an administrative agency such as a parole board, to
determine whether he or she will be released from prison.
Additional Information
• This variable is applicable only if the decision to release an offender is controlled by an
administrative agency such as a parole board.
• The parole hearing eligibility date should be calculated from the total maximum sentence for all
offenses. For the year-end custody record, report the next date the inmate will be eligible for a
parole hearing.
Examples
• An offender was admitted to prison on January 1, 1999, with a 15 years to life sentence for
second degree murder. The law states the offender is eligible for parole board release after
serving 85% of the minimum 15-year sentence (or 12 years 9 months). The parole eligibility
date is calculated by adding 12 years 9 months to the date of admission. The offender will be
eligible for parole board release on October 1, 2012.
• A judge sentences an offender to serve 2 to 4 years in prison for theft. The offender is eligible for
parole board release after the minimum 2-year sentence has been served. The offender was
278
•
•
•
admitted to prison on January 1, 2010, with 6 months in jail time credits. The parole eligibility
date is calculated by adding two years to the date of admission, and subtracting six months for
credited jail time. The parole eligibility date is July 1, 2010.
An offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 2010, with a 5 to 10-year prison sentence for
fraud. The offender is allowed to earn a maximum of 45 days good time for every 30 days
served. The law states non-violent offenders are eligible for parole board release when their good
time plus actual time served equals 1/4 of the minimum sentence. The offender’s good time plus
actual time served will equal 1/4 of the minimum sentence (15 months) when the offender has
served 6 months in prison. After serving 6 months the offender may have earned a maximum of
9 months good time credit. The parole eligibility date is calculated at 6 months from the date of
admission, or July 1, 2010. .
An offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 2005, with a 10-year sentence for aggravated
robbery. The law requires violent offenders to serve 50% of the sentence before they are eligible
for parole board release. Good time credits may be accrued only after 50% of the sentence has
been served. The parole eligibility date is 5 years from the date of admission, or January 1, 2010.
While on parole, an offender is arrested for aggravated assault and is sentenced to a 10-year
prison term for the new offense. At sentencing, the offender’s parole is revoked with 2 years
remaining on a previous robbery sentence. The offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 2004
as a parole violator, with a 12-year total maximum sentence for both convictions. Good time
credits may be accrued only after 50% of the sentence has been served. The parole eligibility
date is 6 years from the date of admission, or January 1, 2010.
VARIABLE 34 – PROJECTED RELEASE DATE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The projected date on which the offender will be released from prison.
Additional Information
• Statutory requirements, good time credits, jail time credit, and any other factors which might
modify the prison release date should be included in this calculation.
• If an offender is serving time for more than one offense, the projected release date should be
calculated from the total maximum sentence for all offenses.
Examples
• An offender enters prison on January 1, 2002, with a 10-year sentence for armed robbery. At
sentencing, the offender received 6 months credit for time served in jail prior to being admitted to
prison. While in prison, the State allows inmate to earn one day work credit for every 3 days
served, not to exceed 15% of the sentence. The projected release date is calculated by subtracting
the 6 months jail credit and the 1 ½ years of available work credit from the 10-year prison
279
•
•
•
•
sentence. The offender’s projected release date is 8 years from the date of admission or January
1, 2010.
A judge sentences an offender to serve 10 years in prison for armed robbery. The offender is
admitted to prison on January 1, 2002, and is required by State law to serve 6/7 of the 10-year
sentence (8.57 years, or 8 years 6 months and 26 days). The offender’s projected release date is
8 years 6 months and 26 days from the date of admission or July 26, 2010.
A judge sentences an offender to serve 2 to 6 years in prison for theft. The offender is admitted
to prison on January 1, 2007, and is given 3 years of good time credit (one-half the maximum
sentence). Assuming the offender does not loose any good time while incarcerated, he or she is
projected to be released after serving the remaining 3 years of the maximum sentence. The
projected release date is calculated as January 1, 2010.
A judge sentences an offender to serve 5 to 10 years in prison for aggravated robbery. The
offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 2000, and given 5 years of good time credit (one-half
the maximum sentence). After serving 8 years the offender has lost all good time credits due to
disciplinary actions. The offender is expected to expire the sentence, or serve the entire 10-year
maximum sentence, and release unconditionally from prison. The projected release date is 10
years from the date of admission or January 1, 2010.
While on parole, an offender is arrested and convicted for armed robbery and sentenced to a 10year prison term for the new offense. The offender’s parole is revoked with 2 years remaining on
a pervious robbery sentence. The offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 2004 as a parole
violator, with a 12-year total maximum sentence for both robbery convictions. The offender is
given 6 years of good time credit at admission (one-half the total maximum sentence). The
projected release date is 6 years from the date of admission, or January 1, 2010.
VARIABLE 35 – MANDATORY RELEASE DATE
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The date the offender by law must be conditionally released from prison.
Additional Information
• This date should reflect jail time credits and any statutory or administrative sentence reductions,
including good time.
• The mandatory release date should be calculated from the total maximum sentence for all
offenses.
• This variable is intended to capture mandatory conditional release policies structured around good
time and other administrative sentence reductions.
• Do not enter the date the offender will expire the sentence (serve the entire sentence and be
released unconditionally from prison).
Examples
280
•
An offender is admitted to prison on January 1, 2006, with a 5 to 10-year prison sentence for
fraud. The law requires mandatory release for non-violent offenders when good time credits plus
actual time served in prison equals the maximum sentence. The offender is allowed to earn a
maximum of 45 days good time credit for every 30 days served. The mandatory release date is
calculated by determining the date the offender’s actual time served plus good time will equal the
maximum sentence. After serving 4 years, the offender will have earned a maximum of 6 years
in good time credit. The mandatory release date is 4 years from the date of admission, or January
1, 2010.
VARIABLE 36 - PRISONER FIRST NAME
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The first name of the inmate.
Additional Information
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt Associates
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in accordance with Title 42, United States Code, Sections
3735 and 3789g.
• If the state’s privacy or confidentially requirements prevent use of the inmate’s name, leave this
variable blank.
VARIABLE 37 - PRISONER LAST NAME
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The last name of the inmate.
Additional Information
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt Associates
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in accordance with Title 42, United States Code, Sections
3735 and 3789g.
281
•
If the state’s privacy or confidentially requirements prevent use of the inmate’s name, leave this
variable blank.
VARIABLE 38 – NAME OF FACILITY HOLDING PRISONER AT
YEAREND
Applies To
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Name of the facility in which the prisoner was incarcerated at yearend.
VARIABLE 39 – FBI IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The unique identification number given by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to each prisoner
from the Interstate Identification Index.
Additional Information
• All information that can identify individuals will be held strictly confidential by Abt Associates
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics as required by Title 42, United States Code, Sections 3735
and 3789g.
• If your state's privacy or confidentiality requirements prevent the use of the inmate's FBI
Identification Number, leave this variable blank.
VARIABLE 40 – PRIOR SERVICE IN U.S. ARMED FORCES
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• Did the inmate ever serve in the U.S. Armed Forces?
282
Prior U.S. Armed Service Categories
•
•
•
Yes. Does not require that the inmate receive veterans’ benefits, nor that inmate served in a
conflict situation. Includes all branches of the military, including the Coast Guard.
No
Not Known
VARIABLE 41 – DATE OF LAST DISCHARGE FROM U.S. ARMED
FORCES
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• The date the inmate was discharge from the U.S. Armed Forces for the final time.
VARIABLE 42 – TYPE OF DISCHARGE FROM THE U.S. ARMED
FORCES
Applies To
• Prison Admissions (Part A)
• Prison Releases (Part B)
• Parole Exits (Part C)
• Prison Custody (Part D)
Definition
• What was the type of discharge received by the inmate?
U.S. Armed Service Discharge Categories
• Honorable. Inmate received a rating from good to excellent for their service.
• General (honorable conditions). Inmate’s military performance was satisfactory.
• General (not honorable conditions). Inmate’s military performance was satisfactory but marked
by a considerable departure in duty performance and conduct expected of military members
• Other than honorable. Inmate’s military performance was a serious departure from the conduct
and performance expected of all military members.
• Bad conduct. Only given by a court-martial.
• Dishonorable. May be rendered only by conviction at a general court-martial for serious offenses
that call for dishonorable discharge as part of the sentence
283
•
•
Other
Not Known
VARIABLE 43 – DATE OF ADMISSION TO PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The date the inmate was admitted to parole/post-confinement community supervision.
VARIABLE 44 – TYPE OF ADMISSION TO PAROLE
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The reason an offender entered into parole/post-confinement community supervision on the date
provided in Variable 43 (Date of Admission to Parole) of the current record.
• As necessary, provide information in a separate file that will enable Abt Associates to re-code
your agency’s parole admission type codes into the NCRP parole admission type categories listed
below.
NCRP Parole Admission Type Categories
Abt Associates staff will re-code, as necessary, your agency’s admission type categories into the
following NCRP admission type categories:
• Discretionary release from prison. A person being admitted to parole based on the decision of
the Governor, parole board, or commutation of sentence.
• Mandatory release from prison. A person being admitted to parole based on a determinate
sentencing statute or good-time provision
• Reinstatement of parole. Persons returned to parole status, including discharged absconders
whose cases were reopened, revocations with immediate reinstatement, and offenders reparoled at
any time under the same sentence.
• Term of supervised release from prison. A person being admitted to parole based on a judicial
sentence of a fixed period of incarceration based on a determinate statute, immediately followed
by a period of supervised release.
• Other.
• Not known.
284
VARIABLE 45 - COUNTY WHERE PAROLEE WAS
RELEASED/COUNTY WHERE PAROLE OFFICE IS LOCATED
Applies To
• Parole Exits (Part C)
Definition
• The county where the parolee was released from parole/post-confinement community supervision
on the date in Variable 26.
• If this information is not available, please report the county where the parole office to which the
parolee reported before exit is located.
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APPENDIX L:
Post-submission data review emails from 8 states
286
Post-submission data review emails from 8 states
After states submit their NCRP data, BJS’ data collection agent loads the new data and performs
a series of verification checks. When all issues are identified, the program manager contacts the
state data provider via email with a list of questions, and follows up with a call if more
explanation is necessary. Since each state has slightly different issues, there is no standard script
for the verification contacts, but below we present eight sets of questions sent to different states
for the 2010 collection year.
STATE #1
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
Thank you very much for submitting the NCRP data. We’ve reviewed the data and we have a
couple questions, to make sure we understand your data format. Q1 is the easiest and most
important.
1. Please forward to us the [STATE] offense code descriptions (the Appendix H documentation
has the note “See Attachment 2: Offense Codes NC-OFNS-CD”, if that gives you a hint as to
where the file is).
2. What do the following “type of admission to prison” codes mean?
- AI CC
- AI OS
- AI ZZ
- AINCC
3. What do the following Variable 23B (“type of facility released from”) codes mean?
- a code with an “I” in the 1st position and a “6” in the 3rd position, but not “IR6” (Appendix H
says that “Pre-Release Center = IR6”)
- a code with an “I” in the 1st position and a “9” in the 3rd position (we didn’t find the “9” code
documented)
- IJ1 (the “State Prison Facility/ Minimum Security Facility” category requires the 2nd position
to be A-I, K-N, or P-Y)
- IO* (should this be considered ‘unspecified’?)
- P00
4. What do the following “type of release from prison” codes mean?
- DI MX
- DI RE
- DI ZZ
- DIZ**
- PL CC
- PL OS
- PL RV
287
- PL5. The columns for the “type of release from parole” variable are not documented in your
Appendix H, but we believe this variable is in 424 to 434. Are we correct?
6. The position of Variable 28 (supervision status just prior to parole release) is listed in
Appendix H as 414 to 417. Please confirm that this is the correct position in the record – there
is a value in these positions for nearly every record, not just the parole releases. Also, we don’t
understand the Notes for this variable in Appendix H (P IN POSITION 414 VARIABLE IN
POSITION 415).
7. We don’t understand the notes for Variable 31B (is any part of the total maximum sentence
reported in item 15a a determinate sentence?). The Notes are “IF POSITION 201 FOR 2
BYTES AND AY SENTENCE IS DETERMINATE. TOTAL MIN. TERM IS RECORDED IN
MMDD IF POSITION 203 = B, OR D, OR 7 OR 9.” Variable 31B is listed in Appendix H as
253-256. However, these are the same columns as for Variable 16 (minimum prison term to be
served before eligible for release).
8. You had mentioned that you were going to update Appendix H. We’ve attached this file,
with our edits and comments that reflect the questions above, if you want to start from our
version.
Thanks for looking into these questions. Once we resolve these issues, we’ll do other checks on
the data (e.g., year to year comparisons).
STATE #2
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
Many thanks again for submitting the NCRP data to us. We have reviewed the files. They are in great
shape. We just have a few questions, to make sure we understand what we have.
1. If the race/ethnicity field ETHNICITY_CD is coded AMI, ASI, BLC, HAW, OTH, or WHI, can we
code the NCRP “Hispanic” field as “not Hispanic”?
2. If ETHNICITY_CD = “0” should we assume race/ethnicity is missing?
3. The table below shows our attempt at translating the {STATE’S] type of release into the NCRP type of
release. Would you suggest any changes to this?
[STATE] Code
Active
Closed Administrative
BJS
Code
3
BJS Code Description
1
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case
Closed/Maximum Date/Pardon/Court Order/Suspended Sentence
Discharged or Transferred to Custody, Detainer, Warrant, Including
Immigration and Naturalization
288
Closed - Case
Returned to Sending
Jurisdiction
Closed - Death
Closed - Deported
8
Transferred to Another Jurisdiction
9
3
Death
Discharged or Transferred to Custody, Detainer, Warrant, Including
Immigration and Naturalization
Closed - Expired
Satisfactorily
1
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case
Closed/Maximum Date/Pardon/Court Order/Suspended Sentence
Closed - Expired
Unsatisfactorily
1
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case
Closed/Maximum Date/Pardon/Court Order/Suspended Sentence
Closed - Pending
USPC Institutional
Hearing
Closed - Revoked
Unsatisfactorily
Closed - Revoked to
Incarceration
Closed - Terminated
Satisfactorily
6
Returned to Prison or Jail, Revocation Pending
5
Returned to Prison or Jail, Parole Revocation
5
Returned to Prison or Jail, Parole Revocation
1
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case
Closed/Maximum Date/Pardon/Court Order/Suspended Sentence
Closed - Terminated
Unsatisfactorily
1
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case
Closed/Maximum Date/Pardon/Court Order/Suspended Sentence
Closed - Transfer to
U.S. Probation
Monitored Confined
Monitored - Pending
Release
8
Transferred to Another Jurisdiction
5
Returned to Prison or Jail, Parole Revocation
1
Discharged, Completion of Term/Early Discharge/Case
Closed/Maximum Date/Pardon/Court Order/Suspended Sentence
Warrant - Issued
8
Transferred to Another Jurisdiction
4. As a check to make sure we’re interpreting the data correctly, here is the count of offenders released by
year. Does this look right?
Year Frequency
--------------------2002
64
2003
91
2004
508
2005
1392
2006
1739
2007
1904
2008
1666
2009
1738
2010
2028
5. In 2005, there are a lot more releases in the 2nd half of the year than the 1st half. Should we expect
this?
289
6. In 2010, there is a smaller proportion “Closed - Revoked to Incarceration” (24% in 2010 vs. 33-49%)
than in other years, and a larger percentage “Closed - Terminated Satisfactorily” in 2010 (18% in 2010 vs.
1-7%) than in other years. Does this sound right?
7. For the NCRP data element “supervision status at time of release” (Item 30), should we code all the
cases as “Active”?
STATE #3
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
Hope you are having a good summer. We’ve reviewed all 4 Parts of the 2010 NCRP data you submitted.
We very much appreciate the documentation you included in the Excel docs – that helped a lot.
We have a few questions/comments on the data for you:
1. You asked in your documentation whether it is ok to provide us, for the education field, with the
highest education ever attained. Yes – that approach is fine.
2. Variable 17 (location where inmate is to serve sentence) is always missing, as we previously discussed.
My question is whether we should code as missing Variable 17 in data submissions prior to 2010.
3. We understand that you have combined race and Hispanic ethnicity in the RACE_DESC variable. Do
you think it is reasonable to code Hispanic origin as “no” unless we see “Hispanic” in the RACE_DESC
variable?
4. For the variable MAX_SENT_LENGTH, there are 144 cases where the sentence length is over 100
years, with 57 of them over 100,000 days. Should we code these as life sentences?
5. For the variable TOT_SENT_LENGTHS, there are 365 cases where the sentence length is over 100
years, with 138 of them over 100,000 days. Should we code these as life sentences?
6. For instances when the number of counts of an offense is 0, should we treat it as missing or 0?
7. There’s one person where the number of counts for the three offenses are 150, 151, and 152. Shall we
consider these the actual counts, or missing data?
8. In 2009 and earlier data submissions, the type of admission variable has never been missing. For 2010,
the percentage of records with missing for the type of admission variable is 2.9% (Part A), 5.9% (Part B),
16.7% (Part C), and 14.4% (Part D), after allowing the PAROLE_VIOLATOR flag to overwrite the
admission type when the PAROLE_VIOLATOR = “Y”. Does this sound right to you or is it a sign of a
data error/problem?
Thanks very much. Let me know if you have any questions.
290
STATE #4
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
Many thanks again for submitting the 2010 NCRP data files last month.
We've reviewed the files and have just a couple questions, to make sure we understand the data
you've provided. Let me know if you need clarification on any of these questions.
1. In each of the four Parts, there are several dozen cases with zeros for the maximum sentence
length and total sentence length for all offenses. Should we treat these as missing data? Were
these values for unsentenced offenders?
2. In the Part C (Parole Exit) records, there are 58 cases where the prison admission year is 2011,
but the parole release year is 2010. Is the actual admission date available for these records?
3. In the Part D (custody) records, there are 244 cases where the admission year is 2011. Is this
correct?
4. Please describe the criteria you used to include or exclude records from the Part A, B, C and D
files. (If it's easier to discuss this over the phone, I'll be glad to call you - let me know.) For
example, does the Part D (custody) file contain sentenced offenders: in pre-release centers?
under home confinement? in a county jail awaiting a transfer to a DOC facility? We noticed that
the state’s DOC annual report for FY2010, the reported DOC Incarcerated Offender Population
is 7,283 in FY09 and 7,504 in FY10, while the number of Part D records is 6,936. We just need
to understand what's being included and excluded.
Thanks again.
STATE #5
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
Many thanks for your 2010 NCRP submission. We've reviewed the data files and have some
questions, to make sure we are interpreting the data correctly.
1. The Hispanic indicator variable is coded either 1 or 9. Should we assume 9 means not
Hispanic?
2. Is the offense in the offense #1 field the offense with the longest sentence? In prior years, it
appears that the Census Bureau made this assumption.
3. The Prior Prison Time and Prior Jail Time are always missing. Just wanted to confirm that
this data is not available.
4. For the Admission Type, what is the meaning of code 40 and 43?
291
5. The State ID number is missing in 10-15% of the records. Is this expected? Is there another
ID number (e.g., the FBI #) that we could use to match offenders across multiple incarceration?
6. The variables TYPESEN1, TYPESEN2, and TYPESEN3 are always missing. Just want to
make sure this is expected and not that you inadvertently left this out.
7. In the Part A (Admission) record, the parole hearing/eligibility date is always missing. Just
want to make sure this is expected and not that you inadvertently left this out.
8. In the 2010 data, the projected release date is missing 27% of the time, but in the 2009 the date
was missing 2% of the time. Just want to make sure this is expected and not that you
inadvertently left this out.
9. Please describe the criteria you used to include or exclude records from the Part A, B, and D
files. (If it's easier to discuss this over the phone, I'll be glad to call you - let me know.) For
example, does the Part D (custody) file contain sentenced offenders in pre-release centers / halfway houses? under home confinement? in a DOC facility awaiting a parole or probation
revocation hearing? in a county jail awaiting a transfer to a DOC facility?
STATE #6
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
Thank you very much for submitting the 2010 NCRP data files last month. We have reviewed the files
and had a couple questions for you, to make sure we are interpreting the data correctly.
1. There are 3 values in the Admission Type Code field that we don’t know what they mean – 31, 94, and
95. Please let me know that these codes mean.
2. The Prior Prison Time is always coded “000000” or “999999”. Should we treat “000000” as a zero or
missing?
3. There are a large number of offenses and counts, particularly in offense #2 and #3, that are coded
“9998” and “98”, respectively. Should these be treated as not having a 2nd and 3rd offense, or as
unknown?
4. The Additional Offenses Since Admission field (Parts B and D only) has a number of offenses coded
“0000”. Shall we assume that there are no additional offenses when we see this value?
5. For Part A (admissions), there is a 10% reduction in the number of records in 2010 (11,568) from 2009
(12,939). Just wanted to make sure that this is consistent with internal DOC data and not an indication
that some admissions were inadvertently left out of the submission.
6. For Part B (releases), we frequently observe the value “998” for the number of days on Conditional
Release. Should we interpret “998” as zero? as unknown?
292
7. For Part D (custody). there is a value in the maximum sentence length of “1E300”. Shall we set this to
Unknown/Missing?
8. Please describe the criteria you used to include or exclude records from the Part A, B, and D files. (If
it’s easier to discuss this over the phone, I’ll be glad to call you – let me know.) For example, does the
Part D (custody) file contain sentenced offenders in pre-release centers / half-way houses? under home
confinement? in a DOCS facility awaiting a parole or probation revocation hearing? in a county jail
awaiting a transfer to a DOCS facility? For the Part B (releases), are transfers of inmates to halfway
houses or home confinement considered releases?
Thanks very much,
STATE #7
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
We have reviewed the data you submitted (thanks again!) and have a few questions, to make sure we
understand the data you have submitted:
These questions apply to all Parts:
1.
There are 58 offenses on the [STATE] DOC State Offenses.xls document that have duplicate
numbers in the StateOffenseID, but different letter schemes. In most cases it looks like these are
distinguishing between attempts or conspiracies and primary offenses. For example, for property theft:
StateOffenseID StateDescription
---------------------------------------------A201
ATTEMPTED THEFT OF PROPERTY I
201B
THEFT OF PROPERTY I
In the NCRP data, only the numbers are reported; the letters are not. Is it possible to get the letters?
2.
For the agency that assumed custody at time of release variable (AGENCY1), we noticed that the
Census Bureau recoded a value of “00” to missing. However, 0 is a valid value for this variable, meaning
“none or director’s release.” Shall we continue coding “00” to missing, or does it really mean “none or
director’s release?”
3. There are roughly 100 cases where prior jail time is 5 years or over. Because we’d expect the prior jail
time to be lower, we just wanted to confirm this fact in the data. Similarly, roughly 5% of the prior prison
time is 5 years or over.
4. We just want to confirm that the following variables are not available (they were not included in the
data submission): Hispanic ethnicity, Type of sentence included in the total maximum (Parts A and B
only), Length of court-imposed sentence to community supervision (Parts A and B only), Parole
hearing/eligibility date (Parts A and B only), Projected release date (Parts A and B only), Mandatory
release date (Parts A and B only), First and last names of the detainee. Perhaps they could be included
next year…
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This question applies only to Part B:
5. In 2010, all of the values for the AGENCY2 and AGENCY3 variables are missing. In 2009, 75% of
the values for AGENCY2 and 99% of the values for AGENCY3 were missing. Is this expected?
This question applies only to Part C:
6. In 2010, 88% of the values for the AGENCY1 variable are missing. In 2009, less than 1% of the
values for AGENCY1 were missing. Is this expected?
STATE #8
Hi [Respondent’s name]:
We have reviewed the NCRP data you submitted (thanks again!) and have a few questions, to make sure
we understand the data you have submitted:
(1)
Prior to creating the A, B, and D records, we merged the YSD and YPD records on the
inmate ID (YSD-CURRENT-INMATE-NUM and YPD-CURRENT-INMATE-NUM). We
found that while most records appear in both datasets, some only appear in either YSD or YPD.
Below is a cross-tabulation of the merge. Should we expect this?
from_ysd
from_ypd
Frequency|
Row Pct | Not in
Col Pct | YPD | In YPD| Total
---------+--------+--------+
Not in | 0 | 16480 | 16480
YSD | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| 0.00 | 23.42 |
---------+--------+--------+
In YSD | 2505 | 53884 | 56389
| 4.44 | 95.56 |
| 100.00 | 76.58 |
---------+--------+--------+
Total
2505 70364 72869
Our main concern here is that some important variables, such as offense, will be unavailable if
someone appears only in YPD.
(2)
We would like to confirm construction of the admission file (Part A). PA DOC
documentation suggests taking all records where the year of the YPD-RECEPTION-DATE is
2010. Census has done this, but has also added the following conditions. Should these
conditions be followed?
If the YPD-RECEPTION-DATE = ‘00000000’, then use the YPD-COMMIT-DATE instead.
Delete if YSD-RECORD-TYPE = ‘302’
Delete if YPD-RECEPTION-MOVE-CODE = ‘AA’, ‘AW’, or ‘ADET’
Delete if YSD-SENTENCE-STATUS-CODE = ‘RE’ or ‘RD’
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(3)
We would like to confirm construction of the prison release file (Part B). PA DOC
documentation suggests taking all records where the year of the YPD-DELETE-DATE is 2010.
Census has done this, but has also added the following conditions. Should these conditions be
followed?
Delete if YSD-RECORD-TYPE = ‘302’
Delete if YPD-RECEPTION-MOVE-CODE = ‘ADET’
Delete if YSD-SENTENCE-STATUS-CODE = ‘RE’, ‘RD’, ‘DC’, ‘F’, ‘WT’, or ‘MH’
(4)
We would like to confirm construction of the year-end population file (Part D). PA DOC
documentation suggests taking all records where the YPD-DELETE-DATE = ‘00000000’.
Census has done this, but has also added the following conditions. Should these conditions be
followed?
Delete if the record appears in YPD but not YSD
Delete if YSD-RECORD-TYPE = ‘302’
(5)
The code Census used to create the next three variables deviates from the documentation
PA DOC provided. We would like to confirm which is correct.
Prior prison time: PA DOC specified using the YSD-COMMITMENT-CREDIT-TIME variable,
but Census used the YSD-TIME-SERVED-YEARS and YSD-TIME-SERVED-DAYS variables.
Jurisdiction on the date of admission: PA DOC specified using a combination of the YSDTYPE-OF-SENTENCE and YSD-STATE-TO-FROM-COMPACT variables. Census instead
assigned it to state implied by the YSD-SENTENCING-COUNTY variable.
Escape while serving sentence: PA DOC specified using the YSD-ESCAPEE variable, while
Census used the following criteria for an escape: YPD-DELETE-DATE ~= ‘00000000’ and
YSD-SENTENCE-STATUS-CODE in('EC','EI','NC','NF','NW','NR')
(6)
There are a handful of offenses which we are unable to identify. They are listed below.
Is a current crosswalk available? The latest one we have is from January 2010.
30904 A1
651103A
CC3310
CC39082
CC4954
CS6312
CS6318
DR6114
PC309
VC5502.1
We observed one maximum sentence that was 892 years long. Should this be considered OK?
Thanks!
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| File Type | application/pdf |
| Author | Department of Justice |
| File Modified | 2012-08-15 |
| File Created | 2012-08-09 |