BLS September 2017 Employment Situation

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 6, 2017

USDL-17-1347

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2017
The unemployment rate declined to 4.2 percent in September, and total nonfarm payroll employment
changed little (-33,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A sharp employment decline
in food services and drinking places and below-trend growth in some other industries likely reflected the
impact of Hurricanes Irma and Harvey.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
September 2015 – September 2017

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted,
September 2015 – September 2017

Percent

Thousands

7.0

400
350

6.0

300
250

5.0

200
150
100

4.0

50
0
-50
-100

3.0
Sep-15

Dec -15

Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec -16

Mar-17

Jun-17

Sep-17

Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17

Hurricanes Irma and Harvey
Hurricane Irma made landfall in Florida on September 10—during the reference period for both the
establishment and household surveys—causing severe damage in Florida and other parts of the
Southeast. Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Texas on August 25—prior to the September reference
periods—resulting in severe damage in Texas and other areas of the Gulf Coast.
Our analysis suggests that the net effect of these hurricanes was to reduce the estimate of total nonfarm
payroll employment for September. There was no discernible effect on the national unemployment rate.
No changes were made to either the establishment or household survey estimation procedures for the

September figures. For both surveys, collection rates generally were within normal ranges, both
nationally and in the affected states. In the establishment survey, employees who are not paid for the pay
period that includes the 12th of the month are not counted as employed. In the household survey,
persons with a job are counted as employed even if they miss work for the entire survey reference week
(the week including the 12th of the month), regardless of whether or not they are paid. For both surveys,
national estimates do not include Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Further discussion of the impact of the recent hurricanes on the September estimates can be found in the
Commissioner’s Statement on the Employment Situation, at www.bls.gov/news.release/jec.nr0.htm.
For additional information on how severe weather affects employment data, see Question 8 in the
Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.
BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment on October 20, 2017, at
10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 4.2 percent in September, and the number
of unemployed persons declined by 331,000 to 6.8 million. Both measures were down over the year.
(See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.9 percent) and Blacks (7.0
percent) declined in September. The jobless rates for adult women (3.9 percent), teenagers (12.9
percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Asians (3.7 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little change.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged
in September at 1.7 million and accounted for 25.5 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)
The employment-population ratio increased by 0.3 percentage point to 60.4 percent in September and
has increased by 0.6 percentage point over the past 12 months. The labor force participation rate, at
63.1 percent, changed little over the month and has shown little movement over the year. (See
table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.1 million in September. These individuals, who
would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut
back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In September, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 275,000 from
a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 421,000 discouraged workers in September, down by
132,000 from a year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because
-2 

they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the
labor force in September had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in September (-33,000), after adding an average
of 172,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. In September, a steep employment decline in food
services and drinking places and below-trend growth in some other industries likely reflected the impact
of Hurricanes Irma and Harvey. Employment rose in health care and in transportation and warehousing.
(See table B-1.)
Employment in food services and drinking places dropped sharply in September (-105,000), as many
workers were off payrolls due to the recent hurricanes. Over the prior 12 months, food services and
drinking places had added an average of 24,000 jobs per month.
In September, health care added 23,000 jobs, in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12
months (+27,000). The employment increase in ambulatory health care services (+25,000) was partially
offset by a decline in nursing care facilities (-9,000).
Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 22,000 in September. Job gains
occurred in warehousing and storage (+5,000), couriers and messengers (+4,000), and air transportation
(+3,000).
Employment in financial activities changed little in September (+10,000). A job gain in insurance
carriers and related activities (+11,000) largely reflected hurricane-recovery efforts. The gain was partly
offset by losses in activities related to credit intermediation (-4,000) and in commercial banking
(-3,000). Over the year, financial activities has added 149,000 jobs.
In September, employment in professional and business services was little changed (+13,000). Over
the prior 12 months, job growth in the industry had averaged 50,000 per month.
Manufacturing employment was essentially unchanged in September (-1,000). From a recent
employment trough in November 2016 through August of this year, the industry had added an average
of 14,000 jobs per month.
Employment in other major industries, including mining, construction, wholesale trade, retail trade,
information, and government, showed little change over the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in
September. In manufacturing, the workweek also was unchanged at 40.7 hours, and overtime held
steady at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents
to $26.55. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 74 cents, or 2.9 percent.
In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
increased by 9 cents to $22.23. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
-3 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised down from +189,000 to
+138,000, and the change for August was revised up from +156,000 to +169,000. With these revisions,
employment gains in July and August combined were 38,000 less than previously reported. (Monthly
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have
averaged 91,000 over the past 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 3, 2017,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-4 

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Change from:
Aug. 2017Sept. 2017

Sept.
2017

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

254,091
159,830
62.9
151,926
59.8
7,904
4.9
94,261

255,151
160,494
62.9
153,513
60.2
6,981
4.3
94,657

255,357
160,571
62.9
153,439
60.1
7,132
4.4
94,785

255,562
161,146
63.1
154,345
60.4
6,801
4.2
94,417

205
575
0.2
906
0.3
-331
-0.2
-368

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.9
4.6
4.4
15.9
4.4
8.3
3.9
6.4

4.3
4.0
4.0
13.2
3.8
7.4
3.8
5.1

4.4
4.1
4.0
13.6
3.9
7.7
4.0
5.2

4.2
3.9
3.9
12.9
3.7
7.0
3.7
5.1

-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-0.7
-0.2
-0.7
-0.3
-0.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.1
8.5
5.2
4.2
2.5

3.6
6.9
4.5
3.7
2.4

3.8
6.0
5.1
3.8
2.4

3.5
6.5
4.3
3.6
2.3

-0.3
0.5
-0.8
-0.2
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,930
900
2,327
802

3,378
757
2,083
703

3,523
804
2,132
656

3,359
738
2,079
669

-164
-66
-53
13

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,584
2,220
1,164
1,963

2,133
2,017
957
1,785

2,222
2,015
1,055
1,740

2,226
1,874
963
1,733

4
-141
-92
-7

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

5,874
3,587
1,972
20,742

5,282
3,161
1,754
21,260

5,255
3,266
1,645
21,447

5,122
3,121
1,733
21,011

-133
-145
88
-436

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,844
553

1,629
536

1,548
448

1,569
421

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

249
223
11
0
23
-12
-10
-5.2
-2
212
13.3
27.3
-1.7
0.5
8
9
83
29.5
48
23.6
11
13
26

138
133
-20
0
-9
-11
-18
-27.1
7
153
4.3
-10.8
7.7
-0.7
-3
11
43
12.9
51
38.2
50
1
5

169
164
66
6
19
41
33
23.9
8
98
1.8
-7.3
8.0
-0.3
-4
8
43
7.5
45
20.9
0
4
5

-33
-40
9
2
8
-1
4
-3.2
-5
-49
6.7
-2.9
21.8
0.0
-9
10
13
5.9
27
13.1
-111
-5
7

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

239
205

164
164

172
168

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

91
86

49.6
48.2
82.3

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

34.4
$25.81
$887.86
105.8
0.5
130.6
0.8

34.4
$26.39
$907.82
107.2
-0.2
135.3
0.3

34.4
$26.43
$909.19
107.4
0.2
135.7
0.3

34.4
$26.55
$913.32
107.3
-0.1
136.2
0.4

57.9
39.7

63.2
60.9

60.2
66.0

55.7
50.0

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 634,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

254,091
159,636
62.8
151,977
59.8
7,658
4.8
94,456
5,753

255,357
160,863
63.0
153,576
60.1
7,287
4.5
94,494
5,852

255,562
161,049
63.0
154,494
60.5
6,556
4.1
94,513
5,415

254,091
159,830
62.9
151,926
59.8
7,904
4.9
94,261
6,082

254,767
159,784
62.7
152,923
60.0
6,861
4.3
94,983
5,561

254,957
160,145
62.8
153,168
60.1
6,977
4.4
94,813
5,431

255,151
160,494
62.9
153,513
60.2
6,981
4.3
94,657
5,420

255,357
160,571
62.9
153,439
60.1
7,132
4.4
94,785
5,844

255,562
161,146
63.1
154,345
60.4
6,801
4.2
94,417
5,628

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,775
84,996
69.2
80,952
65.9
4,043
4.8
37,779

123,413
85,633
69.4
81,975
66.4
3,659
4.3
37,780

123,516
85,516
69.2
82,119
66.5
3,397
4.0
37,999

122,775
85,042
69.3
80,735
65.8
4,307
5.1
37,732

123,120
84,896
69.0
81,290
66.0
3,606
4.2
38,224

123,215
84,992
69.0
81,290
66.0
3,702
4.4
38,223

123,311
84,989
68.9
81,273
65.9
3,715
4.4
38,323

123,413
85,137
69.0
81,310
65.9
3,826
4.5
38,277

123,516
85,520
69.2
81,883
66.3
3,636
4.3
37,996

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114,289
82,020
71.8
78,459
68.6
3,561
4.3
32,269

114,918
82,474
71.8
79,255
69.0
3,219
3.9
32,445

115,020
82,633
71.8
79,662
69.3
2,972
3.6
32,387

114,289
81,988
71.7
78,191
68.4
3,798
4.6
32,301

114,627
81,942
71.5
78,801
68.7
3,141
3.8
32,685

114,721
81,975
71.5
78,707
68.6
3,268
4.0
32,746

114,817
82,108
71.5
78,830
68.7
3,278
4.0
32,709

114,918
82,252
71.6
78,847
68.6
3,405
4.1
32,666

115,020
82,569
71.8
79,377
69.0
3,192
3.9
32,451

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

131,317
74,640
56.8
71,025
54.1
3,615
4.8
56,677

131,943
75,230
57.0
71,601
54.3
3,628
4.8
56,713

132,047
75,533
57.2
72,375
54.8
3,158
4.2
56,514

131,317
74,788
57.0
71,191
54.2
3,597
4.8
56,529

131,647
74,887
56.9
71,633
54.4
3,255
4.3
56,759

131,742
75,153
57.0
71,878
54.6
3,274
4.4
56,590

131,840
75,505
57.3
72,240
54.8
3,265
4.3
56,334

131,943
75,435
57.2
72,129
54.7
3,306
4.4
56,509

132,047
75,626
57.3
72,461
54.9
3,165
4.2
56,421

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,066
71,902
58.4
68,709
55.8
3,193
4.4
51,164

123,679
72,045
58.3
68,835
55.7
3,210
4.5
51,634

123,781
72,670
58.7
69,820
56.4
2,849
3.9
51,111

123,066
71,856
58.4
68,702
55.8
3,154
4.4
51,210

123,386
71,988
58.3
69,105
56.0
2,883
4.0
51,398

123,480
72,149
58.4
69,241
56.1
2,907
4.0
51,332

123,577
72,526
58.7
69,599
56.3
2,927
4.0
51,051

123,679
72,425
58.6
69,500
56.2
2,925
4.0
51,254

123,781
72,569
58.6
69,737
56.3
2,831
3.9
51,212

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,737
5,714
34.1
4,810
28.7
904
15.8
11,023

16,759
6,344
37.9
5,487
32.7
858
13.5
10,415

16,761
5,746
34.3
5,011
29.9
735
12.8
11,015

16,737
5,987
35.8
5,034
30.1
953
15.9
10,750

16,754
5,854
34.9
5,017
29.9
837
14.3
10,901

16,756
6,021
35.9
5,220
31.2
801
13.3
10,735

16,757
5,860
35.0
5,084
30.3
775
13.2
10,898

16,759
5,895
35.2
5,092
30.4
803
13.6
10,865

16,761
6,008
35.8
5,230
31.2
778
12.9
10,753

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

198,509
124,689
62.8
119,465
60.2
5,223
4.2
73,820

199,082
125,280
62.9
120,365
60.5
4,915
3.9
73,802

199,191
125,320
62.9
120,857
60.7
4,463
3.6
73,871

198,509
124,826
62.9
119,391
60.1
5,435
4.4
73,683

198,775
124,481
62.6
119,896
60.3
4,585
3.7
74,294

198,872
124,890
62.8
120,091
60.4
4,799
3.8
73,982

198,974
124,968
62.8
120,262
60.4
4,706
3.8
74,006

199,082
125,037
62.8
120,209
60.4
4,828
3.9
74,046

199,191
125,393
63.0
120,753
60.6
4,641
3.7
73,797

65,326
72.0
62,834
69.3
2,491
3.8

65,455
71.9
63,281
69.5
2,174
3.3

65,412
71.8
63,378
69.6
2,034
3.1

65,283
72.0
62,589
69.0
2,693
4.1

65,217
71.8
62,999
69.3
2,218
3.4

65,225
71.8
62,886
69.2
2,339
3.6

65,141
71.6
62,904
69.2
2,238
3.4

65,262
71.7
62,961
69.2
2,301
3.5

65,339
71.7
63,143
69.3
2,196
3.4

54,883
57.5
52,789
55.3
2,094
3.8

54,980
57.4
52,797
55.2
2,183
4.0

55,501
57.9
53,577
55.9
1,924
3.5

54,871
57.5
52,799
55.3
2,072
3.8

54,785
57.3
52,927
55.4
1,858
3.4

55,015
57.5
53,100
55.5
1,915
3.5

55,393
57.9
53,420
55.8
1,973
3.6

55,282
57.7
53,286
55.7
1,996
3.6

55,476
57.9
53,551
55.9
1,925
3.5

4,480
36.3
3,842
31.1
638
14.2

4,845
39.3
4,288
34.7
557
11.5

4,407
35.7
3,902
31.6
505
11.5

4,672
37.8
4,002
32.4
670
14.3

4,479
36.3
3,970
32.2
508
11.4

4,650
37.7
4,105
33.3
545
11.7

4,433
35.9
3,938
31.9
495
11.2

4,492
36.4
3,962
32.1
530
11.8

4,578
37.1
4,058
32.9
520
11.4

31,987
19,789
61.9
18,168
56.8
1,620
8.2
12,199

32,296
20,142
62.4
18,542
57.4
1,600
7.9
12,154

32,333
20,227
62.6
18,842
58.3
1,385
6.8
12,106

31,987
19,826
62.0
18,181
56.8
1,646
8.3
12,161

32,193
20,075
62.4
18,560
57.7
1,515
7.5
12,118

32,226
20,002
62.1
18,576
57.6
1,426
7.1
12,224

32,260
20,096
62.3
18,617
57.7
1,479
7.4
12,163

32,296
20,092
62.2
18,544
57.4
1,548
7.7
12,204

32,333
20,232
62.6
18,819
58.2
1,413
7.0
12,101

9,021
67.7
8,306
62.3
716
7.9

9,214
68.3
8,521
63.2
693
7.5

9,315
69.0
8,708
64.5
606
6.5

9,000
67.5
8,264
62.0
736
8.2

9,063
67.5
8,475
63.1
588
6.5

9,084
67.5
8,510
63.3
574
6.3

9,163
68.0
8,522
63.3
641
7.0

9,205
68.2
8,487
62.9
718
7.8

9,279
68.7
8,654
64.1
625
6.7

10,069
62.4
9,361
58.0
708
7.0

10,108
62.0
9,405
57.7
703
7.0

10,153
62.2
9,549
58.5
604
5.9

10,074
62.4
9,370
58.0
703
7.0

10,224
62.9
9,513
58.6
712
7.0

10,143
62.4
9,455
58.1
689
6.8

10,170
62.5
9,511
58.4
660
6.5

10,127
62.1
9,474
58.1
653
6.4

10,149
62.2
9,541
58.5
608
6.0

698
27.7
502
20.0
196
28.1

820
32.7
617
24.6
204
24.8

759
30.2
584
23.3
174
23.0

752
29.9
546
21.7
206
27.4

787
31.3
572
22.8
215
27.3

774
30.8
611
24.3
163
21.1

763
30.4
585
23.3
178
23.3

760
30.3
583
23.2
178
23.4

804
32.0
624
24.9
180
22.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sept.
2016
15,310
9,717
63.5
9,350
61.1
367
3.8
5,593

Aug.
2017
15,341
9,894
64.5
9,498
61.9
396
4.0
5,446

Sept.
2017
15,483
9,973
64.4
9,619
62.1
353
3.5
5,510

Sept.
2016
15,310
9,760
63.7
9,381
61.3
379
3.9
5,550

May
2017
15,433
9,826
63.7
9,471
61.4
356
3.6
5,607

June
2017
15,367
9,792
63.7
9,443
61.4
350
3.6
5,575

July
2017
15,290
9,789
64.0
9,418
61.6
370
3.8
5,502

Aug.
2017
15,341
9,886
64.4
9,489
61.9
397
4.0
5,455

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Sept.
2017
15,483
10,005
64.6
9,638
62.3
366
3.7
5,478

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

40,919
27,019
66.0
25,366
62.0
1,653
6.1
13,901

41,492
27,335
65.9
25,922
62.5
1,413
5.2
14,157

41,579
27,599
66.4
26,270
63.2
1,329
4.8
13,980

40,919
27,063
66.1
25,331
61.9
1,732
6.4
13,856

41,241
27,239
66.0
25,833
62.6
1,405
5.2
14,003

41,323
27,290
66.0
25,974
62.9
1,315
4.8
14,034

41,404
27,487
66.4
26,078
63.0
1,409
5.1
13,917

41,492
27,322
65.8
25,914
62.5
1,408
5.2
14,170

41,579
27,633
66.5
26,229
63.1
1,404
5.1
13,946

14,837
80.4
14,109
76.5
728
4.9

15,038
80.5
14,367
76.9
670
4.5

15,124
80.8
14,584
77.9
540
3.6

14,833
80.4
14,035
76.1
798
5.4

14,936
80.4
14,304
77.0
632
4.2

14,976
80.5
14,414
77.5
562
3.8

15,085
80.9
14,425
77.4
660
4.4

15,017
80.4
14,298
76.5
719
4.8

15,119
80.8
14,507
77.5
612
4.0

10,988
58.8
10,278
55.0
710
6.5

11,028
58.2
10,481
55.3
547
5.0

11,251
59.2
10,630
55.9
621
5.5

11,001
58.9
10,296
55.1
705
6.4

11,062
58.7
10,461
55.5
601
5.4

11,030
58.4
10,451
55.4
579
5.3

11,176
59.1
10,580
55.9
596
5.3

11,091
58.5
10,570
55.8
521
4.7

11,256
59.2
10,643
56.0
613
5.4

1,193
31.4
979
25.8
215
18.0

1,269
32.9
1,073
27.9
196
15.4

1,224
31.7
1,056
27.4
168
13.7

1,229
32.4
1,000
26.3
229
18.6

1,240
32.3
1,068
27.8
172
13.9

1,284
33.4
1,110
28.9
174
13.6

1,227
31.9
1,073
27.9
154
12.5

1,214
31.5
1,046
27.1
169
13.9

1,258
32.6
1,078
27.9
179
14.3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,763
45.4
9,939
41.9
824
7.7

10,499
45.9
9,924
43.4
575
5.5

10,611
46.4
9,985
43.7
626
5.9

10,803
45.6
9,881
41.7
922
8.5

10,299
45.1
9,671
42.3
628
6.1

10,304
45.3
9,649
42.4
655
6.4

10,570
47.3
9,842
44.0
728
6.9

10,565
46.2
9,933
43.4
632
6.0

10,575
46.3
9,891
43.3
684
6.5

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,955
57.8
34,171
54.9
1,784
5.0

36,098
57.9
34,278
55.0
1,821
5.0

36,147
57.8
34,676
55.4
1,471
4.1

35,720
57.4
33,877
54.4
1,843
5.2

35,909
57.6
34,211
54.9
1,697
4.7

35,850
57.8
34,196
55.2
1,653
4.6

35,648
57.7
34,038
55.1
1,610
4.5

35,931
57.6
34,106
54.7
1,825
5.1

35,904
57.4
34,367
54.9
1,537
4.3

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,820
66.9
36,258
64.1
1,562
4.1

37,076
65.3
35,617
62.7
1,458
3.9

37,583
65.9
36,249
63.6
1,333
3.5

37,963
67.2
36,378
64.4
1,584
4.2

37,433
65.9
35,941
63.3
1,492
4.0

37,579
65.6
36,150
63.1
1,429
3.8

37,475
65.4
36,077
63.0
1,397
3.7

37,388
65.9
35,978
63.4
1,411
3.8

37,659
66.1
36,306
63.7
1,353
3.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54,279
74.1
52,916
72.3
1,363
2.5

55,222
73.4
53,720
71.4
1,503
2.7

55,711
74.2
54,464
72.6
1,247
2.2

54,310
74.2
52,942
72.3
1,367
2.5

55,039
73.8
53,760
72.1
1,278
2.3

55,283
73.9
53,982
72.2
1,302
2.4

55,696
73.7
54,378
72.0
1,318
2.4

55,595
73.9
54,250
72.1
1,345
2.4

55,655
74.2
54,395
72.5
1,260
2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Sept.
2016

Men
Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Women
Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,832
10,652
51.1
10,191
48.9
461
4.3
10,180

20,511
10,373
50.6
10,063
49.1
309
3.0
10,138

18,815
9,369
49.8
8,959
47.6
411
4.4
9,446

18,477
9,085
49.2
8,834
47.8
251
2.8
9,392

2,017
1,283
63.6
1,233
61.1
50
3.9
734

2,034
1,288
63.3
1,230
60.5
58
4.5
746

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,935
3,170
80.5
3,030
77.0
139
4.4
766

4,119
3,306
80.3
3,176
77.1
131
3.9
813

3,235
2,650
81.9
2,523
78.0
127
4.8
585

3,373
2,769
82.1
2,675
79.3
94
3.4
604

701
520
74.2
507
72.4
12
2.3
181

746
537
72.0
500
67.1
37
6.9
209

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,359
2,757
82.1
2,646
78.8
111
4.0
601

3,389
2,749
81.1
2,679
79.0
71
2.6
640

2,854
2,366
82.9
2,271
79.6
95
4.0
488

2,896
2,361
81.5
2,307
79.6
55
2.3
535

504
391
77.6
376
74.5
16
4.0
113

493
388
78.7
372
75.4
16
4.1
105

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,407
2,127
25.3
2,053
24.4
74
3.5
6,280

7,992
1,830
22.9
1,784
22.3
46
2.5
6,162

8,106
2,051
25.3
1,977
24.4
74
3.6
6,055

7,703
1,757
22.8
1,711
22.2
46
2.6
5,946

301
76
25.3
76
25.1
1
0.7
225

289
73
25.4
73
25.4
0
–
216

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,131
2,598
50.6
2,462
48.0
136
5.2
2,533

5,011
2,487
49.6
2,425
48.4
63
2.5
2,524

4,620
2,302
49.8
2,188
47.4
114
5.0
2,318

4,505
2,198
48.8
2,140
47.5
57
2.6
2,307

511
295
57.8
274
53.5
22
7.4
216

506
290
57.3
284
56.2
5
1.9
216

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

224,233
146,789
65.5
139,919
62.4
6,870
4.7
77,444

225,860
148,380
65.7
142,394
63.0
5,986
4.0
77,480

99,452
74,586
75.0
71,122
71.5
3,465
4.6
24,866

100,353
75,362
75.1
72,353
72.1
3,009
4.0
24,991

124,781
72,203
57.9
68,797
55.1
3,406
4.7
52,578

125,507
73,018
58.2
70,041
55.8
2,977
4.1
52,489

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

Persons with no disability
Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,421
6,027
19.8
5,502
18.1
525
8.7
24,395

30,635
6,481
21.2
5,994
19.6
487
7.5
24,154

223,670
153,609
68.7
146,475
65.5
7,134
4.6
70,061

224,927
154,568
68.7
148,499
66.0
6,068
3.9
70,359

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,615
33.1
2,383
30.2
232
8.9
5,277

2,866
35.8
2,645
33.0
221
7.7
5,144

77,114
82.6
73,513
78.8
3,601
4.7
16,202

77,168
82.8
74,141
79.5
3,027
3.9
16,044

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,312
28.8
2,063
25.7
249
10.8
5,702

2,356
30.4
2,153
27.8
203
8.6
5,393

68,184
70.7
64,962
67.3
3,222
4.7
28,319

68,889
71.2
66,094
68.3
2,794
4.1
27,830

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,100
7.6
1,056
7.3
44
4.0
13,417

1,260
8.5
1,197
8.0
63
5.0
13,617

8,311
24.6
8,000
23.6
311
3.7
25,540

8,512
24.3
8,264
23.6
247
2.9
26,485

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Sept.
2016

Men
Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Women
Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

41,785
27,345
65.4
26,146
62.6
1,199
4.4
14,441

41,642
27,846
66.9
26,754
64.2
1,092
3.9
13,796

20,170
15,601
77.3
15,065
74.7
536
3.4
4,569

20,308
16,058
79.1
15,529
76.5
529
3.3
4,250

21,615
11,743
54.3
11,080
51.3
663
5.6
9,871

21,334
11,788
55.3
11,225
52.6
563
4.8
9,546

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

212,306
132,291
62.3
125,832
59.3
6,460
4.9
80,015

213,920
133,203
62.3
127,739
59.7
5,464
4.1
80,717

102,604
69,394
67.6
65,887
64.2
3,507
5.1
33,210

103,207
69,458
67.3
66,590
64.5
2,868
4.1
33,749

109,702
62,897
57.3
59,944
54.6
2,952
4.7
46,805

110,713
63,745
57.6
61,149
55.2
2,596
4.1
46,968

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

2,526
1,623
879
24
149,451
140,780
20,708
120,073
715
119,358
8,607
64

2,508
1,750
745
13
151,068
142,368
20,479
121,889
670
121,220
8,631
69

2,367
1,616
732
19
152,126
143,214
20,873
122,341
583
121,758
8,871
42

2,429
1,522
890
–
149,526
140,739
20,809
119,990
–
119,241
8,599
–

2,507
1,645
833
–
150,417
141,849
20,772
121,096
–
120,441
8,550
–

2,457
1,611
818
–
150,848
141,989
20,868
121,053
–
120,457
8,753
–

2,317
1,582
708
–
151,208
142,714
21,052
121,627
–
120,964
8,475
–

2,339
1,584
722
–
151,143
142,466
21,080
121,366
–
120,712
8,602
–

2,307
1,547
746
–
152,093
143,106
20,947
122,188
–
121,570
8,856
–

5,550
3,376
1,921
20,782

5,204
3,214
1,564
19,405

4,818
2,908
1,702
21,001

5,874
3,587
1,972
20,742

5,219
3,082
1,789
21,020

5,326
3,286
1,727
20,791

5,282
3,161
1,754
21,260

5,255
3,266
1,645
21,447

5,122
3,121
1,733
21,011

5,468
3,316
1,914
20,419

5,130
3,158
1,558
19,066

4,740
2,864
1,682
20,677

5,770
3,510
1,959
20,409

5,154
3,045
1,776
20,677

5,282
3,249
1,720
20,443

5,231
3,137
1,739
20,909

5,179
3,217
1,633
21,087

5,032
3,071
1,713
20,689

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

151,977
4,810
1,867
2,943
147,168
13,883
133,285
98,580
34,094
31,736
32,750
34,705

153,576
5,487
2,151
3,336
148,089
14,551
133,538
98,289
34,242
31,770
32,277
35,249

154,494
5,011
2,036
2,975
149,482
14,108
135,375
99,686
34,793
32,232
32,661
35,688

151,926
5,034
1,832
3,186
146,892
14,004
132,845
98,205
33,979
31,567
32,659
34,641

152,923
5,017
1,888
3,145
147,906
14,177
133,647
98,481
34,160
31,794
32,527
35,166

153,168
5,220
1,931
3,285
147,949
13,992
134,010
98,666
34,404
31,913
32,349
35,344

153,513
5,084
1,816
3,265
148,429
14,199
134,349
98,906
34,500
31,889
32,517
35,442

153,439
5,092
1,918
3,165
148,347
14,209
134,125
98,559
34,310
31,824
32,425
35,566

154,345
5,230
1,983
3,229
149,114
14,235
134,845
99,222
34,655
32,035
32,533
35,622

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80,952
2,494
872
1,622
78,459
7,134
71,324
52,775
18,313
17,076
17,386
18,549

81,975
2,720
1,027
1,693
79,255
7,627
71,628
52,686
18,482
17,141
17,063
18,942

82,119
2,457
932
1,525
79,662
7,263
72,398
53,247
18,684
17,361
17,202
19,152

80,735
2,545
840
1,714
78,191
7,188
70,969
52,515
18,237
16,979
17,299
18,454

81,290
2,489
884
1,614
78,801
7,335
71,422
52,678
18,362
17,169
17,147
18,743

81,290
2,583
893
1,677
78,707
7,240
71,488
52,657
18,425
17,226
17,006
18,831

81,273
2,443
798
1,643
78,830
7,351
71,551
52,692
18,473
17,129
17,091
18,858

81,310
2,463
883
1,574
78,847
7,369
71,470
52,531
18,420
17,085
17,026
18,939

81,883
2,506
903
1,609
79,377
7,326
72,002
52,956
18,599
17,255
17,102
19,047

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,025
2,316
995
1,321
68,709
6,749
61,960
45,804
15,780
14,660
15,364
16,156

71,601
2,767
1,124
1,643
68,835
6,925
61,910
45,603
15,760
14,630
15,213
16,307

72,375
2,554
1,104
1,450
69,820
6,844
62,976
46,440
16,110
14,871
15,460
16,536

71,191
2,489
992
1,472
68,702
6,816
61,877
45,690
15,743
14,588
15,359
16,187

71,633
2,528
1,004
1,531
69,105
6,842
62,226
45,803
15,798
14,624
15,380
16,423

71,878
2,637
1,038
1,608
69,241
6,752
62,522
46,010
15,980
14,687
15,343
16,513

72,240
2,641
1,018
1,621
69,599
6,849
62,798
46,214
16,027
14,760
15,427
16,584

72,129
2,629
1,036
1,591
69,500
6,841
62,655
46,027
15,890
14,739
15,399
16,628

72,461
2,724
1,080
1,620
69,737
6,909
62,842
46,267
16,056
14,780
15,431
16,576

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,872
35,675
9,958

45,370
34,966
9,573

45,846
35,696
9,673

45,647
35,495
–

45,784
36,121
–

45,913
35,803
–

45,574
35,946
–

45,327
35,475
–

45,646
35,571
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,728
27,250

127,353
26,223

127,235
27,259

124,253
27,684

125,620
27,366

125,975
27,142

125,921
27,535

125,755
27,569

126,690
27,650

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,846
5.2

6,961
4.5

7,359
4.8

7,845
5.2

7,589
5.0

7,639
5.0

7,589
4.9

7,346
4.8

7,366
4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,734
9,486

5,829
9,376

5,974
9,602

–
9,488

–
9,383

–
9,571

–
9,183

–
9,325

–
9,603

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,904
953
385
574
6,951
1,246
5,734
4,426
1,839
1,367
1,220
1,280

7,132
803
329
477
6,330
1,092
5,267
4,090
1,761
1,135
1,194
1,165

6,801
778
313
472
6,023
1,160
4,877
3,684
1,588
1,051
1,045
1,175

4.9
15.9
17.4
15.3
4.5
8.2
4.1
4.3
5.1
4.1
3.6
3.6

4.3
14.3
13.1
14.6
3.9
6.7
3.6
3.8
4.9
3.3
3.2
3.1

4.4
13.3
13.9
13.2
4.0
7.5
3.7
3.8
4.4
3.4
3.6
3.2

4.3
13.2
15.5
11.6
4.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
4.6
3.6
3.2
3.2

4.4
13.6
14.7
13.1
4.1
7.1
3.8
4.0
4.9
3.4
3.6
3.2

4.2
12.9
13.6
12.8
3.9
7.5
3.5
3.6
4.4
3.2
3.1
3.2

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,307
509
199
317
3,798
731
3,094
2,346
995
728
622
748

3,826
422
156
271
3,405
610
2,799
2,169
966
581
621
630

3,636
444
164
289
3,192
692
2,518
1,907
842
519
545
611

5.1
16.7
19.1
15.6
4.6
9.2
4.2
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.5
3.9

4.2
15.7
13.7
16.4
3.8
7.9
3.4
3.6
4.6
3.0
3.0
2.9

4.4
14.4
14.4
14.8
4.0
8.4
3.5
3.7
4.5
3.2
3.4
3.0

4.4
15.2
17.9
13.4
4.0
8.0
3.6
3.8
4.5
3.5
3.2
2.9

4.5
14.6
15.0
14.7
4.1
7.6
3.8
4.0
5.0
3.3
3.5
3.2

4.3
15.1
15.4
15.2
3.9
8.6
3.4
3.5
4.3
2.9
3.1
3.1

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,597
444
187
258
3,154
515
2,640
2,080
844
638
598
560

3,306
381
173
207
2,925
482
2,467
1,921
794
554
573
533

3,165
333
149
184
2,831
468
2,359
1,777
745
532
500
571

4.8
15.1
15.8
14.9
4.4
7.0
4.1
4.4
5.1
4.2
3.7
3.3

4.3
12.8
12.6
12.6
4.0
5.3
3.9
4.1
5.1
3.7
3.5
3.4

4.4
12.2
13.5
11.3
4.0
6.4
3.8
3.9
4.2
3.6
3.9
3.4

4.3
11.3
13.5
9.7
4.0
6.7
3.7
3.8
4.6
3.7
3.2
3.4

4.4
12.7
14.3
11.5
4.0
6.6
3.8
4.0
4.8
3.6
3.6
3.1

4.2
10.9
12.1
10.2
3.9
6.3
3.6
3.7
4.4
3.5
3.1
3.3

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,343
1,098
680

1,217
1,039
742

1,059
915
672

2.9
3.0
6.4

2.3
2.5
6.8

2.2
2.8
6.9

2.4
2.9
6.8

2.6
2.8
7.2

2.3
2.5
6.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,486
1,435

5,861
1,271

5,556
1,230

5.0
4.9

4.2
4.8

4.4
4.2

4.3
4.5

4.5
4.4

4.2
4.3

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,536
694
2,842
1,968
874
991
2,367
764

3,536
1,051
2,485
1,788
697
874
2,151
725

2,992
568
2,424
1,742
682
805
2,127
631

3,930
1,068
2,862
1,963
899
900
2,327
802

3,327
814
2,513
1,741
772
804
2,100
656

3,444
900
2,545
1,758
787
820
2,043
682

3,378
1,044
2,334
1,676
658
757
2,083
703

3,523
1,032
2,490
1,799
691
804
2,132
656

3,359
895
2,464
1,759
705
738
2,079
669

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

46.2
9.1
37.1
12.9
30.9
10.0

48.5
14.4
34.1
12.0
29.5
10.0

45.6
8.7
37.0
12.3
32.4
9.6

49.4
13.4
36.0
11.3
29.2
10.1

48.3
11.8
36.5
11.7
30.5
9.5

49.3
12.9
36.4
11.7
29.2
9.8

48.8
15.1
33.7
10.9
30.1
10.2

49.5
14.5
35.0
11.3
30.0
9.2

49.1
13.1
36.0
10.8
30.4
9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.2
0.6
1.5
0.5

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.5

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.5
0.6
1.5
0.5

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,562
2,092
3,004
1,083
1,921

2,199
2,411
2,677
936
1,741

2,227
1,740
2,589
889
1,700

2,584
2,220
3,127
1,164
1,963

2,154
1,960
2,820
1,157
1,663

2,305
1,933
2,612
948
1,664

2,133
2,017
2,742
957
1,785

2,222
2,015
2,795
1,055
1,740

2,226
1,874
2,696
963
1,733

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.2
10.2

23.7
10.1

26.9
10.3

27.3
10.3

24.7
10.4

24.7
9.6

24.9
10.6

24.4
10.5

26.8
10.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.5
27.3
39.2
14.1
25.1

30.2
33.1
36.7
12.8
23.9

34.0
26.5
39.5
13.6
25.9

32.6
28.0
39.4
14.7
24.7

31.1
28.3
40.7
16.7
24.0

33.6
28.2
38.1
13.8
24.3

30.9
29.3
39.8
13.9
25.9

31.6
28.7
39.7
15.0
24.7

32.8
27.6
39.7
14.2
25.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

151,977
59,599

154,494
60,990

7,658
1,652

6,556
1,463

4.8
2.7

4.1
2.3

24,729
34,870
27,100
33,435
15,704
17,731

25,309
35,681
27,429
33,697
15,798
17,899

708
944
1,690
1,614
855
760

636
827
1,414
1,415
605
810

2.8
2.6
5.9
4.6
5.2
4.1

2.5
2.3
4.9
4.0
3.7
4.3

14,106
1,159
8,101
4,845

14,110
1,155
8,010
4,945

772
116
489
167

746
105
470
171

5.2
9.1
5.7
3.3

5.0
8.3
5.5
3.4

17,738
8,261
9,477

18,268
8,282
9,986

1,151
561
590

873
405
468

6.1
6.4
5.9

4.6
4.7
4.5

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

7,658
5,828
43
474
668
410
258
1,002
283
139
296
902
860
917
245
139
538
389

6,556
5,063
24
433
587
365
221
843
282
141
240
723
804
708
280
111
438
312

4.8
4.6
5.7
5.2
4.2
4.1
4.3
5.0
4.3
5.2
3.0
5.3
3.7
6.5
3.7
8.1
2.5
3.9

4.1
4.0
3.0
4.7
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.1
5.1
2.5
4.1
3.4
5.0
4.2
6.7
2.1
3.1

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2016

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

May
2017

June
2017

July
2017

Aug.
2017

Sept.
2017

1.9

1.7

1.6

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.2

2.2

1.9

2.5

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.1

4.8

4.5

4.1

4.9

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.2

5.1

4.8

4.3

5.3

4.5

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.5

5.9

5.4

5.0

6.0

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.1

9.3

8.6

8.0

9.7

8.4

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Sept.
2016

Men
Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Women
Sept.
2017

Sept.
2016

Sept.
2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

94,456
5,753
1,844
553
1,292

94,513
5,415
1,569
421
1,148

37,779
2,745
993
321
672

37,999
2,494
798
275
522

56,677
3,008
851
232
619

56,514
2,922
772
146
625

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,846
5.2
4,298
2,087
319
1,065

7,359
4.8
4,053
2,040
305
923

3,691
4.6
2,358
637
195
470

3,699
4.5
2,236
753
190
502

4,154
5.8
1,939
1,451
124
595

3,660
5.1
1,816
1,287
115
421

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

145,084
122,847
19,983

146,288
125,240
20,352

146,540
125,301
20,444

146,880
124,604
20,335

144,882
122,566
19,718

146,523
124,198
20,004

146,692
124,362
20,070

146,659
124,322
20,079

Change
from:
Aug.2017 Sept.2017p
-33
-40
9

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

668
52.2
615.9
177.5
181.9
48.5
39.1

723
51.2
671.8
179.9
189.5
50.4
39.7

729
50.9
677.6
179.5
190.2
51.8
39.4

729
50.6
678.1
181.1
189.3
52.2
39.1

661
50.7
610.2
177.7
178.7
48.6
39.3

713
49.6
663.7
178.4
185.6
50.8
39.3

719
49.0
669.9
178.7
186.0
51.6
39.2

721
49.2
672.2
181.0
186.7
52.1
39.2

2
0.2
2.3
2.3
0.7
0.5
0.0

94.3
256.5

99.4
302.4

99.0
307.9

98.0
307.7

90.8
253.8

95.5
299.7

95.2
305.2

95.4
304.5

0.2
-0.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,943
1,528.3
764.5
763.8
1,002.5
4,411.7
1,924.5
2,487.2

7,143
1,567.6
786.3
781.3
1,032.5
4,542.7
2,000.9
2,541.8

7,171
1,571.6
783.2
788.4
1,039.9
4,559.1
2,008.1
2,551.0

7,116
1,562.1
773.9
788.2
1,033.6
4,520.5
1,984.9
2,535.6

6,727
1,494.3
746.4
747.9
941.1
4,291.6
1,865.9
2,425.7

6,884
1,522.5
761.6
760.9
972.3
4,389.1
1,926.4
2,462.7

6,903
1,526.9
761.0
765.9
974.1
4,401.7
1,935.4
2,466.3

6,911
1,527.8
757.1
770.7
972.5
4,410.6
1,935.8
2,474.8

8
0.9
-3.9
4.8
-1.6
8.9
0.4
8.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,372

12,486

12,544

12,490

12,330

12,407

12,448

12,447

-1

7,702
392.9
415.1
375.2
1,417.2
1,073.3
1,042.5
163.5
85.0

7,765
397.9
423.5
385.0
1,449.6
1,099.1
1,044.3
162.7
85.6

7,805
399.5
424.5
385.3
1,449.0
1,100.0
1,046.5
166.0
85.5

7,784
394.5
421.8
383.3
1,449.3
1,096.5
1,043.8
166.5
84.9

7,693
391.3
408.0
375.4
1,418.6
1,074.6
1,043.1
163.8
85.2

7,738
394.0
414.6
384.4
1,443.4
1,093.7
1,038.9
161.6
85.1

7,771
394.3
415.6
384.2
1,446.3
1,096.9
1,041.1
164.7
85.1

7,775
392.8
415.0
382.4
1,450.1
1,098.6
1,044.1
166.4
85.0

4
-1.5
-0.6
-1.8
3.8
1.7
3.0
1.7
-0.1

363.6
395.0

363.2
398.9

362.3
398.9

361.3
397.4

364.1
394.6

361.4
397.0

360.1
397.4

361.8
397.4

1.7
0.0

35.4
382.3
1,624.1
940.9
388.3

33.9
393.1
1,584.5
905.2
393.9

33.8
393.3
1,621.5
944.2
393.4

33.7
392.7
1,621.9
942.3
391.3

35.5
382.1
1,621.3
937.6
387.8

33.9
390.5
1,595.3
918.9
391.7

33.8
391.8
1,619.0
942.8
390.8

33.6
392.5
1,617.8
939.6
391.6

-0.2
0.7
-1.2
-3.2
0.8

590.8

593.9

592.1

589.3

591.2

591.2

590.5

590.0

-0.5

4,670
1,585.5
112.3
115.6
132.3
368.8
444.2
113.3
810.8
699.2

4,721
1,625.0
109.0
111.5
119.6
370.2
439.3
115.5
825.7
706.9

4,739
1,644.3
109.4
111.3
119.1
370.0
439.2
115.6
822.7
709.5

4,706
1,631.4
110.6
110.2
117.9
367.2
434.8
114.5
816.2
706.5

4,637
1,564.1
112.9
114.5
130.7
368.8
444.1
111.9
811.5
699.6

4,669
1,596.5
109.4
110.8
120.9
368.2
438.1
112.5
819.6
703.0

4,677
1,603.1
109.8
111.0
118.6
368.2
438.7
112.9
819.3
705.9

4,672
1,607.3
110.8
109.5
116.7
367.6
435.1
112.8
817.3
706.6

-5
4.2
1.0
-1.5
-1.9
-0.6
-3.6
-0.1
-2.0
0.7

288.0

298.5

298.0

297.0

279.2

290.2

289.4

288.6

-0.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102,864

104,888

104,857

104,269

102,848

104,194

104,292

104,243

-49

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,186

27,372

27,346

27,277

27,322

27,377

27,379

27,405

26

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,878.3
2,930.6
2,052.0

5,956.1
2,973.8
2,069.1

5,950.5
2,971.6
2,067.3

5,933.1
2,964.6
2,061.7

5,877.5
2,930.7
2,051.1

5,924.3
2,957.3
2,057.5

5,926.1
2,957.8
2,059.1

5,932.8
2,965.8
2,059.2

6.7
8.0
0.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Change
from:
Aug.2017 Sept.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

895.7

913.2

911.6

906.8

895.7

909.5

909.2

907.8

-1.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,734.9
1,995.7
1,291.0
153.5
551.2
472.3
516.6

15,842.7
2,031.8
1,310.6
166.2
555.0
477.3
494.7

15,805.9
2,031.2
1,310.6
164.0
556.6
478.4
494.9

15,665.5
2,019.4
1,306.4
155.1
557.9
477.5
494.1

15,887.4
1,988.6
1,288.2
150.7
549.8
477.1
530.2

15,819.2
2,014.3
1,304.8
155.7
553.8
482.7
503.8

15,811.9
2,014.6
1,303.8
155.9
554.9
483.4
503.9

15,809.0
2,012.9
1,303.3
152.7
556.8
484.0
502.1

-2.9
-1.7
-0.5
-3.2
1.9
0.6
-1.8

1,256.1
3,093.2
1,045.4
938.1
1,317.6

1,326.3
3,105.0
1,046.3
950.9
1,321.3

1,294.5
3,093.8
1,042.6
953.7
1,321.3

1,275.1
3,060.8
1,039.1
947.0
1,283.2

1,279.1
3,096.2
1,051.8
932.4
1,351.8

1,290.1
3,075.8
1,050.2
938.9
1,328.5

1,291.3
3,074.3
1,047.8
939.0
1,323.6

1,296.6
3,067.4
1,048.0
940.5
1,321.1

5.3
-6.9
0.2
1.5
-2.5

605.6
3,126.9
1,272.3
1,854.6
832.0
535.4

588.0
3,099.1
1,256.7
1,842.4
841.1
560.9

591.3
3,103.0
1,256.1
1,846.9
840.2
561.0

590.4
3,079.9
1,239.5
1,840.4
834.3
564.7

618.7
3,188.6
1,314.8
1,873.9
833.2
539.7

603.6
3,131.9
1,279.0
1,852.9
832.0
567.4

601.8
3,133.2
1,277.3
1,855.8
830.9
568.1

601.2
3,130.7
1,275.1
1,855.6
834.4
570.1

-0.6
-2.5
-2.2
-0.2
3.5
2.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,018.1
479.0
214.1
66.3
1,469.3

5,015.1
491.1
207.2
67.6
1,491.0

5,033.9
493.3
207.2
67.4
1,490.7

5,126.4
494.4
207.2
66.6
1,485.8

5,001.0
478.6
213.2
66.0
1,454.4

5,080.7
487.7
207.0
64.8
1,473.0

5,088.7
490.4
206.7
65.2
1,471.3

5,110.5
493.7
206.3
65.9
1,471.2

21.8
3.3
-0.4
0.7
-0.1

483.0
48.9
42.2
662.3
624.8
928.2

415.5
47.1
48.5
669.4
630.3
947.4

413.9
47.0
47.3
671.3
642.0
953.8

495.0
46.5
42.7
671.8
654.3
962.1

472.6
49.0
35.1
660.9
645.2
926.0

475.6
46.9
36.3
667.8
669.6
952.0

473.1
47.0
35.9
669.3
673.6
956.2

482.5
46.6
35.9
670.2
677.2
961.0

9.4
-0.4
0.0
0.9
3.6
4.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

555.1

558.2

555.4

551.8

555.9

553.0

552.7

552.7

0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,773
731.4

2,735
723.8

2,729
721.6

2,695
717.0

2,786
730.7

2,720
720.4

2,716
718.8

2,707
716.8

-9
-2.0

415.5
268.6
794.0

410.1
258.0
761.5

408.0
257.7
759.6

385.2
260.1
755.1

425.0
268.9
797.4

401.7
259.1
761.0

399.2
258.7
759.9

394.6
259.8
758.0

-4.6
1.1
-1.9

300.8
262.5

306.0
275.8

304.3
277.7

304.2
273.2

301.4
262.4

304.7
273.4

303.9
275.6

304.2
273.2

0.3
-2.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

8,328
6,157.6
18.4

8,538
6,289.6
19.0

8,533
6,286.1
18.8

8,478
6,257.3
18.7

8,324
6,167.0
18.4

8,455
6,259.6
18.8

8,463
6,262.7
18.8

8,473
6,267.2
18.7

10
4.5
-0.1

2,618.3
1,698.6
1,306.0
614.9
304.8

2,676.2
1,729.2
1,324.3
631.2
315.8

2,678.1
1,725.9
1,322.3
630.9
321.3

2,652.6
1,711.5
1,310.3
627.8
313.3

2,622.1
1,702.9
1,308.7
614.8
304.4

2,661.3
1,719.7
1,317.5
629.3
312.3

2,664.1
1,718.4
1,316.6
628.9
316.8

2,657.5
1,716.9
1,313.5
628.1
312.5

-6.6
-1.5
-3.1
-0.8
-4.3

933.0
2,587.9
2,170.5
1,576.8
570.4
23.3

959.0
2,635.4
2,248.3
1,627.9
596.6
23.8

957.8
2,631.4
2,246.7
1,628.6
594.4
23.7

948.8
2,637.2
2,220.3
1,609.8
587.4
23.1

932.8
2,593.7
2,156.5
1,572.3
560.8
23.4

949.8
2,629.7
2,195.2
1,600.4
571.5
23.3

948.4
2,631.4
2,200.4
1,604.1
572.9
23.4

948.7
2,642.3
2,206.0
1,606.2
576.6
23.2

0.3
10.9
5.6
2.1
3.7
-0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Seasonally adjusted
Change
from:
Aug.2017 Sept.2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,351
8,864.6
1,117.7
923.1
1,416.6
140.4

20,873
9,162.2
1,137.2
942.4
1,482.3
143.3

20,933
9,157.7
1,130.2
947.1
1,480.4
139.0

20,879
9,098.3
1,125.0
939.6
1,465.1
138.4

20,279
8,956.5
1,121.3
997.5
1,415.2
142.2

20,751
9,156.8
1,127.0
1,005.8
1,459.3
142.2

20,794
9,174.6
1,127.7
1,009.3
1,462.7
139.2

20,807
9,186.5
1,128.6
1,010.1
1,463.9
140.0

13
11.9
0.9
0.8
1.2
0.8

2,004.8

2,068.4

2,071.1

2,058.9

2,012.6

2,057.8

2,062.7

2,066.9

4.2

1,396.0

1,456.5

1,457.5

1,451.4

1,398.4

1,448.4

1,451.1

1,453.0

1.9

682.1
491.0
692.9
2,248.7
9,238.0
8,828.2
499.2
142.1
3,674.3
3,013.1
917.2

716.9
491.2
724.0
2,299.6
9,411.0
8,989.8
526.1
144.4
3,676.2
3,004.5
899.9

714.2
491.4
726.8
2,294.5
9,481.1
9,059.5
526.9
145.5
3,742.4
3,066.3
906.1

706.7
486.9
726.3
2,278.0
9,502.3
9,083.7
527.3
146.0
3,804.9
3,126.6
911.4

686.5
491.9
691.0
2,246.5
9,076.1
8,669.7
499.4
141.9
3,587.3
2,940.9
922.5

707.4
488.7
720.3
2,280.8
9,313.3
8,901.1
524.7
144.6
3,706.5
3,040.3
914.4

709.7
488.7
723.4
2,282.0
9,337.4
8,922.8
525.8
145.3
3,714.3
3,047.8
915.9

711.9
487.5
724.7
2,277.8
9,342.6
8,926.9
527.6
145.3
3,718.7
3,053.7
916.3

2.2
-1.2
1.3
-4.2
5.2
4.1
1.8
0.0
4.4
5.9
0.4

217.8
907.9
2,150.1
319.6

219.6
914.4
2,279.7
329.5

219.2
922.1
2,265.6
331.7

214.1
924.8
2,223.8
331.4

217.6
900.9
2,082.2
318.0

215.8
916.8
2,151.1
327.3

216.5
918.7
2,155.5
330.9

214.1
918.6
2,157.3
329.2

-2.4
-0.1
1.8
-1.7

409.8

421.2

421.6

418.6

406.4

412.2

414.6

415.7

1.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,665
3,542.7
19,122.7
15,490.9
7,122.0
2,538.7
926.8
866.3
866.1
262.4
1,371.9

22,802
3,317.6
19,484.5
15,796.0
7,325.0
2,599.6
943.9
906.0
911.2
258.4
1,410.7

22,857
3,334.2
19,522.3
15,816.7
7,339.8
2,600.8
945.4
910.7
913.9
260.6
1,413.6

23,142
3,632.3
19,509.9
15,809.6
7,348.8
2,606.9
941.7
907.7
914.7
260.6
1,419.0

22,745
3,587.1
19,157.9
15,499.8
7,134.8
2,542.7
930.6
870.0
867.4
264.2
1,371.1

23,145
3,632.1
19,513.3
15,773.4
7,323.0
2,597.2
942.9
906.0
910.3
258.0
1,413.4

23,190
3,656.0
19,534.2
15,795.0
7,334.0
2,600.5
942.8
908.5
913.6
260.3
1,414.6

23,217
3,669.9
19,547.3
15,817.5
7,358.7
2,609.3
945.8
911.7
916.4
261.0
1,417.6

27
13.9
13.1
22.5
24.7
8.8
3.0
3.2
2.8
0.7
3.0

289.8
5,052.6
3,316.3
1,647.1
614.0

295.2
5,123.8
3,347.2
1,640.7
624.9

294.8
5,125.3
3,351.6
1,643.4
623.5

298.2
5,131.8
3,329.0
1,628.4
621.7

288.8
5,047.5
3,317.5
1,644.8
614.1

295.1
5,116.6
3,333.8
1,634.5
622.2

293.8
5,122.7
3,338.3
1,637.5
621.8

296.8
5,127.2
3,331.6
1,628.1
622.2

3.0
4.5
-6.7
-9.4
0.4

891.0
164.2
3,631.8
2,232.8
162.8
336.0
900.2

911.1
170.5
3,688.5
2,313.2
169.0
343.5
862.8

913.1
171.6
3,705.6
2,306.2
167.7
342.2
889.5

910.0
168.9
3,700.3
2,287.3
167.9
336.5
908.6

894.2
164.5
3,658.1
2,249.6
163.6
337.5
907.3

908.9
168.2
3,739.9
2,310.8
168.8
337.6
922.7

909.4
169.5
3,739.2
2,306.6
168.3
338.3
926.0

912.5
168.9
3,729.8
2,305.1
169.0
337.6
918.1

3.1
-0.6
-9.4
-1.5
0.7
-0.7
-7.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .

15,866
2,297.1
473.7

16,735
2,636.5
492.7

16,653
2,565.2
484.8

16,049
2,318.3
478.1

15,684
2,235.2
457.5

15,984
2,274.7
463.5

15,984
2,269.5
457.0

15,873
2,263.6
459.7

-111
-5.9
2.7

162.6
1,660.8
13,569.3

187.8
1,956.0
14,098.2

181.6
1,898.8
14,088.2

170.2
1,670.0
13,730.6

161.5
1,616.2
13,449.2

169.3
1,641.9
13,709.0

168.0
1,644.5
13,714.5

168.6
1,635.3
13,609.1

0.6
-9.2
-105.4

Private service-providing - Continued

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Change
from:
Aug.2017 Sept.2017p

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,990.2
11,579.1

2,114.6
11,983.6

2,095.6
11,992.6

1,992.6
11,738.0

1,950.2
11,499.0

1,957.8
11,751.2

1,954.7
11,759.8

1,954.0
11,655.1

-0.7
-104.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,695
1,288.0
1,459.4
2,947.7

5,833
1,302.6
1,500.3
3,029.7

5,806
1,299.1
1,497.2
3,009.2

5,749
1,291.5
1,492.1
2,964.9

5,708
1,288.0
1,458.5
2,961.5

5,762
1,295.7
1,489.0
2,977.3

5,766
1,295.2
1,491.3
2,979.8

5,761
1,292.4
1,491.7
2,976.5

-5
-2.8
0.4
-3.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,237
2,815.0
2,203.2
611.3
5,150.0
2,471.6
2,678.6
14,272.0
7,843.3
6,429.0

21,048
2,822.0
2,205.1
617.1
4,767.0
2,086.2
2,680.4
13,459.0
6,737.9
6,721.1

21,239
2,813.0
2,203.6
609.6
4,803.0
2,124.3
2,678.4
13,623.0
6,968.9
6,654.3

22,276
2,811.0
2,198.5
612.2
5,156.0
2,489.1
2,666.5
14,309.0
7,842.9
6,466.2

22,316
2,811.0
2,196.1
614.5
5,101.0
2,422.8
2,678.5
14,404.0
7,967.6
6,436.0

22,325
2,808.0
2,189.9
617.9
5,096.0
2,431.2
2,664.8
14,421.0
7,946.6
6,473.9

22,330
2,806.0
2,190.0
615.9
5,098.0
2,431.6
2,666.2
14,426.0
7,955.1
6,471.0

22,337
2,806.0
2,189.2
616.3
5,100.0
2,434.4
2,665.4
14,431.0
7,957.0
6,474.2

7
0.0
-0.8
0.4
2.0
2.8
-0.8
5.0
1.9
3.2

Industry

Accommodation and food services Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.2
43.7
38.8
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.8
38.8
42.4
35.8
37.5
36.1
32.9
26.1
31.9

34.4
40.4
45.3
39.1
40.9
41.3
40.2
33.3
34.4
39.1
31.0
38.8
42.3
36.3
37.4
36.1
32.9
26.0
31.8

34.4
40.2
44.8
38.9
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.2
34.4
39.1
30.9
38.8
41.6
36.2
37.5
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.8

34.4
40.2
45.0
38.8
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.2
34.3
39.1
30.9
38.6
42.3
36.3
37.5
36.0
32.8
26.0
31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.3
3.2

3.3
3.3
3.4

3.3
3.3
3.4

3.3
3.3
3.3

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.81
27.09
32.12
28.33
26.16
27.46
23.95
25.52
22.45
29.73
17.91
23.41
38.35
36.98
32.55
30.97
25.87
15.01
23.17

$26.39
27.69
32.95
28.94
26.69
27.95
24.56
26.09
22.86
30.15
18.20
23.94
39.27
38.56
33.22
31.69
26.39
15.45
23.71

$26.43
27.61
32.57
29.00
26.56
27.81
24.42
26.15
22.89
30.14
18.27
23.97
38.87
38.48
33.31
31.79
26.44
15.49
23.79

$26.55
27.75
32.58
29.19
26.68
27.95
24.49
26.27
22.95
30.25
18.27
24.03
39.38
38.90
33.44
32.00
26.50
15.55
23.91

$887.86
1,089.02
1,403.64
1,099.20
1,064.71
1,131.35
955.61
847.26
767.79
1,156.50
551.63
908.31
1,626.04
1,323.88
1,220.63
1,118.02
851.12
391.76
739.12

$907.82
1,118.68
1,492.64
1,131.55
1,091.62
1,154.34
987.31
868.80
786.38
1,178.87
564.20
928.87
1,661.12
1,399.73
1,242.43
1,144.01
868.23
401.70
753.98

$909.19
1,109.92
1,459.14
1,128.10
1,080.99
1,145.77
974.36
868.18
787.42
1,178.47
564.54
930.04
1,616.99
1,392.98
1,249.13
1,144.44
869.88
402.74
756.52

$913.32
1,115.55
1,466.10
1,132.57
1,085.88
1,151.54
977.15
872.16
787.19
1,182.78
564.54
927.56
1,665.77
1,412.07
1,254.00
1,152.00
869.20
404.30
757.95

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2017 Sept.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105.8
90.3
90.8
90.0
90.3
89.2
92.3
109.9
101.6
99.8
99.4
111.1
102.0
91.1
102.2
115.1
122.2
116.8
105.0

107.2
92.1
101.5
92.8
91.3
90.0
93.7
111.6
102.4
101.1
99.6
112.8
101.2
90.2
103.6
117.8
124.3
118.6
105.6

107.4
91.9
101.2
92.6
91.1
90.1
93.1
111.4
102.4
101.1
99.2
113.0
99.5
89.8
103.9
117.7
124.6
118.6
105.7

107.3
92.0
102.0
92.4
91.1
90.2
93.0
111.3
102.2
101.2
99.2
112.9
101.2
89.7
104.1
117.8
124.3
117.8
105.3

-0.1
0.1
0.8
-0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1
1.7
-0.1
0.2
0.1
-0.2
-0.7
-0.4

1

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2017 Sept.
2017p

130.6
110.6
117.1
110.8
109.8
108.8
112.2
136.2
122.8
123.8
117.7
131.9
129.2
119.9
129.8
144.5
152.1
141.4
133.3

135.3
115.2
134.3
116.7
113.3
111.7
116.7
141.5
126.0
127.2
119.9
137.1
131.3
123.8
134.2
151.3
157.9
147.8
137.3

135.7
114.7
132.4
116.6
112.6
111.3
115.4
141.6
126.2
127.2
119.9
137.5
127.8
123.0
135.0
151.6
158.5
148.2
137.8

136.2
115.3
133.4
117.2
113.1
111.9
115.6
142.1
126.3
127.8
119.9
137.7
131.6
124.3
135.7
152.7
158.5
147.7
138.0

0.4
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.1
3.0
1.1
0.5
0.7
0.0
-0.3
0.1

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

71,873
59,073
4,325
99
841
3,385
1,805
1,580
54,748
11,110
1,740.8
8,009.2
1,230.7
129.4
1,115
4,730
9,115
17,533
8,145
3,000
12,800

72,542
59,724
4,400
100
872
3,428
1,815
1,613
55,324
10,973
1,744.3
7,864.9
1,236.3
127.5
1,083
4,770
9,328
17,836
8,289
3,045
12,818

72,620
59,794
4,413
100
876
3,437
1,821
1,616
55,381
10,959
1,746.2
7,847.3
1,238.3
127.6
1,079
4,781
9,341
17,863
8,309
3,049
12,826

72,579
59,753
4,424
100
882
3,442
1,826
1,616
55,329
10,956
1,749.0
7,836.4
1,243.8
127.0
1,070
4,768
9,349
17,882
8,253
3,051
12,826

49.6
48.2
21.9
15.0
12.5
27.5
23.5
34.1
53.2
40.7
29.6
50.4
24.6
23.3
40.0
56.8
44.9
77.1
51.9
52.6
57.4

49.5
48.1
22.0
14.0
12.7
27.6
23.5
34.5
53.1
40.1
29.4
49.7
24.3
23.1
39.8
56.4
45.0
77.1
51.9
52.8
57.4

49.5
48.1
22.0
13.9
12.7
27.6
23.4
34.6
53.1
40.0
29.5
49.6
24.3
23.1
39.7
56.5
44.9
77.0
52.0
52.9
57.4

49.5
48.1
22.0
13.9
12.8
27.7
23.5
34.6
53.1
40.0
29.5
49.6
24.3
23.0
39.5
56.3
44.9
77.0
52.0
53.0
57.4

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

100,854
14,149
457
5,052
8,640
5,278
3,362
86,705
22,943
4,705.3
13,464.0
4,326.2
447.2
2,240
6,460
16,589
19,952
13,784
4,737

102,339
14,371
512
5,158
8,701
5,306
3,395
87,968
23,073
4,746.2
13,469.2
4,413.2
444.7
2,196
6,578
16,952
20,340
14,059
4,770

102,463
14,423
518
5,173
8,732
5,333
3,399
88,040
23,076
4,747.5
13,469.0
4,414.9
444.5
2,189
6,583
16,968
20,386
14,066
4,772

102,414
14,440
523
5,179
8,738
5,338
3,400
87,974
23,104
4,746.9
13,477.7
4,434.6
445.1
2,176
6,590
16,966
20,403
13,967
4,768

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.1
45.6
39.6
41.8
42.3
41.1
32.3
33.5
38.7
29.6
38.8
42.7
35.7
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.9
30.8

33.7
41.3
45.8
39.6
42.0
42.2
41.6
32.5
33.9
39.0
30.3
38.5
42.6
35.8
36.8
35.5
32.2
24.8
30.8

33.6
41.3
45.5
39.6
42.0
42.3
41.5
32.4
33.8
39.0
30.1
38.4
42.1
35.6
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.7
30.8

33.6
41.1
45.9
39.4
41.8
42.2
41.3
32.4
33.8
39.0
30.2
38.2
42.6
35.9
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.5
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.3
4.5
4.1

4.4
4.5
4.2

4.4
4.5
4.3

4.4
4.5
4.2

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$21.68
22.73
27.09
26.21
20.55
21.56
18.90
21.46
19.06
24.35
15.03
21.03
35.47
30.33
26.33
25.62
22.62
12.96
19.43

$22.09
23.18
27.87
26.77
20.87
21.87
19.30
21.86
19.38
24.80
15.32
21.34
36.25
30.79
26.60
26.10
23.05
13.36
19.96

$22.14
23.21
27.75
26.80
20.91
21.91
19.30
21.92
19.41
24.80
15.35
21.42
35.91
30.76
26.59
26.21
23.10
13.41
20.04

$22.23
23.29
27.63
27.01
20.93
21.93
19.31
22.01
19.49
24.87
15.42
21.50
36.29
30.88
26.62
26.31
23.16
13.47
20.13

$728.45
934.20
1,235.30
1,037.92
858.99
911.99
776.79
693.16
638.51
942.35
444.89
815.96
1,514.57
1,082.78
971.58
906.95
728.36
322.70
598.44

$744.43
957.33
1,276.45
1,060.09
876.54
922.91
802.88
710.45
656.98
967.20
464.20
821.59
1,544.25
1,102.28
978.88
926.55
742.21
331.33
614.77

$743.90
958.57
1,262.63
1,061.28
878.22
926.79
800.95
710.21
656.06
967.20
462.04
822.53
1,511.81
1,095.06
981.17
927.83
743.82
331.23
617.23

$746.93
957.22
1,268.22
1,064.19
874.87
925.45
797.50
713.12
658.76
969.93
465.68
821.30
1,545.95
1,108.59
982.28
931.37
745.75
330.02
617.99

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2017 Sept.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112.9
88.9
110.7
100.2
82.9
83.9
81.4
119.3
107.1
107.2
100.9
126.4
97.7
91.3
112.2
131.6
137.0
125.7
102.3

114.9
90.7
124.6
102.3
83.9
84.2
83.2
121.8
109.0
109.0
103.3
127.9
96.9
89.7
114.0
134.9
139.6
127.7
103.0

114.7
91.0
125.2
102.6
84.2
84.8
83.1
121.5
108.7
109.0
102.6
127.6
95.7
88.9
114.4
134.6
140.0
127.3
103.1

114.6
90.7
127.6
102.2
83.8
84.7
82.7
121.4
108.9
109.0
103.0
127.5
97.0
89.2
114.5
134.6
140.1
125.3
102.7

-0.1
-0.3
1.9
-0.4
-0.5
-0.1
-0.5
-0.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
-0.1
1.4
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.1
-1.6
-0.4

1

Sept.
2016

July
2017

Aug.
2017p

Sept.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2017 Sept.
2017p

163.6
123.7
174.5
141.8
111.4
112.9
108.7
175.5
145.7
153.8
130.0
168.6
144.6
137.0
181.8
200.7
204.5
185.0
144.9

169.6
128.7
202.0
147.8
114.5
114.9
113.5
182.5
150.7
159.2
135.6
173.1
146.6
136.8
186.5
209.5
212.5
193.8
149.8

169.7
129.4
202.1
148.4
115.1
116.0
113.4
182.6
150.6
159.3
135.0
173.4
143.4
135.4
187.1
210.0
213.4
193.8
150.5

170.3
129.3
205.0
149.0
114.8
115.9
112.9
183.2
151.4
159.7
136.2
173.9
146.9
136.3
187.5
210.7
214.1
191.7
150.6

0.4
-0.1
1.4
0.4
-0.3
-0.1
-0.4
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.9
0.3
2.4
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.3
-1.1
0.1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.