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USDL-18-0024
Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2017
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 148,000 in December, and the unemployment rate
was unchanged at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains
occurred in health care, construction, and manufacturing.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
December 2015 – December 2017
Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, December 2015 – December 2017
Percent
Thousands
7.0
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
Dec-15
Mar-16
Jun-16
Sep-16
Dec-16
Mar-17
Jun-17
Sep-17
Dec-17
Dec-15
Mar-16
Jun-16
Sep-16
Dec-16
Mar-17
Jun-17
Sep-17
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal
adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted
estimates back to January 2013 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January
2017 through November 2017 (as originally published and as revised) appear in table A on
page 6, along with additional information about the revisions.
Dec-17
Household Survey Data
In December, the unemployment rate was 4.1 percent for the third consecutive month. The number of
unemployed persons, at 6.6 million, was essentially unchanged over the month. Over the year, the
unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons were down by 0.6 percentage point and
926,000, respectively. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers declined to 13.6 percent in
December, offsetting an increase in November. In December, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.8
percent), adult women (3.7 percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Blacks (6.8 percent), Asians (2.5 percent),
and Hispanics (4.9 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of new entrants decreased by 116,000 in December. New entrants
are unemployed persons who never previously worked. (See table A-11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.5
million in December and accounted for 22.9 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number of
long-term unemployed declined by 354,000. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, was unchanged over the month and over the year.
The employment-population ratio was unchanged at 60.1 percent in December but was up by 0.3
percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 4.9 million in December but was down by
639,000 over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time
job. (See table A-8.)
In December, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about unchanged from
a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 474,000 discouraged workers in December, little changed
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work for
reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 148,000 in December. Job gains occurred in health care,
construction, and manufacturing. In 2017, payroll employment growth totaled 2.1 million, compared
with a gain of 2.2 million in 2016. (See table B-1.)
-2-
Employment in health care increased by 31,000 in December. Employment continued to trend up in
ambulatory health care services (+15,000) and hospitals (+12,000). Health care added 300,000 jobs in
2017, compared with a gain of 379,000 jobs in 2016.
Construction added 30,000 jobs in December, with most of the increase among specialty trade
contractors (+24,000). In 2017, construction employment increased by 210,000, compared with a gain of
155,000 in 2016.
In December, manufacturing employment rose by 25,000, largely reflecting a gain in durable goods
industries (+21,000). Manufacturing added 196,000 jobs in 2017, following little net change in 2016
(-16,000).
Employment in food services and drinking places changed little in December (+25,000). Over the
year, the industry added 249,000 jobs, about in line with an increase of 276,000 in 2016.
In December, employment changed little in professional and business services (+19,000). In 2017, the
industry added an average of 44,000 jobs per month, in line with its average monthly gain in 2016.
Employment in retail trade was about unchanged in December (-20,000). Within the industry,
employment in general merchandise stores declined by 27,000 over the month. Retail trade employment
edged down in 2017 (-67,000), after increasing by 203,000 in 2016.
Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, transportation and
warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, changed little over the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in
December. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, while overtime
remained at 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9 cents
to $26.63. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 65 cents, or 2.5 percent. Average hourly
earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $22.30 in
December. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised down from +244,000 to
+211,000, and the change for November was revised up from +228,000 to +252,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in October and November combined were 9,000 less than previously
reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After
revisions, job gains have averaged 204,000 over the last 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 2, 2018,
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
-3-
Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey
Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2018 on February 2, 2018,
new population controls will be used in the household survey estimation process. These new
controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census
Bureau. In accordance with usual practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the
new controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2018 will not be directly
comparable with data for December 2017 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the
new controls on the major labor force series will be included in the January 2018 release.
Upcoming Changes to Establishment Survey Data
Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2018 on February 2, 2018,
the establishment survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and
earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2017 and updated seasonal
adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2016 and seasonally
adjusted data beginning with January 2013 are subject to revision. Consistent with standard
practice, some historical data may be subject to revisions resulting from issues identified during
the benchmark process.
The establishment survey will also revise the basis for industry classification from the 2012
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to the 2017 NAICS. The conversion
will result in minor revisions reflecting content changes within the mining and logging, retail
trade, information, financial activities, and professional and business services sectors.
Additionally, some smaller industries will be combined within the mining and logging, durable
goods manufacturing, retail trade, and information sectors. Several industry titles and
descriptions also will be updated.
Approximately 4 percent of employment will be reclassified into different industries as a result
of the revision. Details of new, discontinued, and combined industries due to the 2017 NAICS
update, as well as changes due to the annual benchmarking process are available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnewseries.htm.
For more information on the 2017 NAICS update, visit www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.
-4-
Upcoming Changes to The Employment Situation News Release
Effective with the release of January 2018 data on February 2, 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics will introduce a minor change to The Employment Situation news release table B-1.
As a result of the update to the 2017 NAICS, the industry title for general merchandise stores
will change to general merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters. A
listing of all series changes as a result of the 2017 NAICS update, including the industries
published in news release table B-1, are available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnewseries.htm.
-5-
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor
force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this
process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2013 through November 2017 were subject to revision.
(Not seasonally adjusted data were not subject to revision.)
Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2017 through November 2017, as first published and
as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 1 of the 11 months and were
unchanged in the remaining 10 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force
series beginning in December 2016 appear in table B.
An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised
data for January 2017 through November 2017 is available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-seas-adjustment-methodology.pdf.
Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at
www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at
www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/.
Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2017 and changes due to revision
January - November 2017
As first
Month
As revised
Change
published
January .........................................
February .......................................
March ..........................................
April .............................................
May .............................................
June ..............................................
July ..............................................
August ..........................................
September ....................................
October ........................................
November ....................................
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
-6-
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
-.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age
2016
Dec.
2017
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 254,742 254,082 254,246 254,414 254,588 254,767 254,957 255,151 255,357 255,562 255,766 255,949 256,109
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,736 159,718 159,997 160,235 160,181 159,729 160,214 160,467 160,598 161,082 160,371 160,533 160,597
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62.7
62.9
62.9
63.0
62.9
62.7
62.8
62.9
62.9
63.0
62.7
62.7
62.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,233 152,076 152,511 153,064 153,161 152,892 153,250 153,511 153,471 154,324 153,846 153,917 154,021
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
59.8
59.9
60.0
60.2
60.2
60.0
60.1
60.2
60.1
60.4
60.2
60.1
60.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,502
7,642
7,486
7,171
7,021
6,837
6,964
6,956
7,127
6,759
6,524
6,616
6,576
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 114,603 114,297 114,375 114,455 114,538 114,627 114,721 114,817 114,918 115,020 115,120 115,212 115,292
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,996 82,051 82,054 82,007 82,054 81,915 82,022 82,128 82,297 82,561 82,366 82,375 82,548
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71.5
71.8
71.7
71.7
71.6
71.5
71.5
71.5
71.6
71.8
71.5
71.5
71.6
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,396 78,448 78,515 78,548 78,839 78,794 78,753 78,863 78,887 79,393 79,248 79,324 79,431
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
68.4
68.6
68.6
68.6
68.8
68.7
68.6
68.7
68.6
69.0
68.8
68.9
68.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,600
3,603
3,539
3,459
3,215
3,120
3,269
3,266
3,410
3,168
3,118
3,050
3,117
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.2
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 123,383 123,052 123,131 123,212 123,296 123,386 123,480 123,577 123,679 123,781 123,882 123,975 124,057
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,898 71,720 72,050 72,233 72,144 71,979 72,187 72,499 72,406 72,497 72,187 72,302 72,293
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58.3
58.3
58.5
58.6
58.5
58.3
58.5
58.7
58.5
58.6
58.3
58.3
58.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,835 68,572 68,978 69,337 69,218 69,087 69,289 69,586 69,502 69,692 69,576 69,665 69,614
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
55.8
55.7
56.0
56.3
56.1
56.0
56.1
56.3
56.2
56.3
56.2
56.2
56.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,062
3,148
3,072
2,896
2,927
2,892
2,898
2,912
2,903
2,804
2,611
2,637
2,679
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,756
5,842
34.9
5,002
29.9
840
14.4
16,734
5,947
35.5
5,056
30.2
891
15.0
16,740
5,894
35.2
5,018
30.0
876
14.9
16,747
5,995
35.8
5,179
30.9
816
13.6
16,754
5,983
35.7
5,104
30.5
879
14.7
16,754
5,836
34.8
5,010
29.9
825
14.1
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
-7-
16,756
6,006
35.8
5,209
31.1
797
13.3
16,757
5,840
34.9
5,062
30.2
778
13.3
16,759
5,895
35.2
5,082
30.3
813
13.8
16,761
6,024
35.9
5,238
31.3
786
13.0
16,763
5,818
34.7
5,022
30.0
796
13.7
16,762
5,857
34.9
4,928
29.4
929
15.9
16,760
5,757
34.4
4,977
29.7
780
13.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Change from:
Nov. 2017Dec. 2017
Dec.
2017
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254,742
159,736
62.7
152,233
59.8
7,502
4.7
95,006
255,766
160,371
62.7
153,846
60.2
6,524
4.1
95,395
255,949
160,533
62.7
153,917
60.1
6,616
4.1
95,416
256,109
160,597
62.7
154,021
60.1
6,576
4.1
95,512
160
64
0.0
104
0.0
-40
0.0
96
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .
4.7
4.4
4.3
14.4
4.2
7.9
2.8
5.9
4.1
3.8
3.6
13.7
3.5
7.3
3.0
4.8
4.1
3.7
3.6
15.9
3.7
7.2
3.0
4.8
4.1
3.8
3.7
13.6
3.7
6.8
2.5
4.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
-2.3
0.0
-0.4
-0.5
0.1
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .
3.9
7.6
5.1
3.8
2.5
3.3
6.1
4.3
3.6
2.0
3.3
5.2
4.3
3.6
2.1
3.4
6.3
4.2
3.6
2.1
0.1
1.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .
3,627
896
2,202
791
3,214
731
2,001
626
3,149
739
2,025
697
3,254
715
2,003
581
105
-24
-22
-116
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .
2,359
2,136
1,191
1,869
2,128
1,943
856
1,645
2,253
1,894
921
1,593
2,235
1,994
882
1,515
-18
100
-39
-78
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .
5,554
3,387
1,871
21,253
4,880
2,960
1,615
20,897
4,851
2,995
1,558
21,022
4,915
3,097
1,570
21,122
64
102
12
100
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .
1,684
426
1,535
524
1,481
469
1,623
474
–
–
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
155
150
32
2
12
18
13
0.9
5
118
1.6
13.3
13.4
0.2
-6
22
36
-17.4
50
39.2
5
-17
5
211
222
38
0
15
23
13
-0.5
10
184
6.8
-20.1
3.7
0.0
-1
8
47
14.3
17
31.5
104
18
-11
252
239
63
5
27
31
26
1.5
5
176
5.9
26.4
11.1
-0.2
1
7
49
16.9
50
38.9
17
9
13
148
146
55
0
30
25
21
1.3
4
91
9.8
-20.3
1.8
-0.9
7
6
19
7.0
28
29.2
29
12
2
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
148
153
152
152
167
170
204
202
Category
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
49.6
48.2
82.4
49.5
48.1
82.4
49.5
48.1
82.4
49.5
48.1
82.4
34.4
$25.98
$893.71
106.2
0.4
131.9
0.7
34.4
$26.51
$911.94
107.6
0.2
136.4
0.1
34.5
$26.54
$915.63
108.1
0.5
137.2
0.6
34.5
$26.63
$918.74
108.3
0.2
137.8
0.4
60.0
53.8
62.6
66.7
68.0
64.7
64.2
65.4
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 634,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The
unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•
The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.
•
The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.
•
The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.
•
The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254,742
158,968
62.4
151,798
59.6
7,170
4.5
95,774
5,449
255,949
160,466
62.7
154,180
60.2
6,286
3.9
95,483
4,877
256,109
159,880
62.4
153,602
60.0
6,278
3.9
96,230
5,071
254,742
159,736
62.7
152,233
59.8
7,502
4.7
95,006
5,674
255,357
160,598
62.9
153,471
60.1
7,127
4.4
94,759
5,809
255,562
161,082
63.0
154,324
60.4
6,759
4.2
94,480
5,626
255,766
160,371
62.7
153,846
60.2
6,524
4.1
95,395
5,232
255,949
160,533
62.7
153,917
60.1
6,616
4.1
95,416
5,265
256,109
160,597
62.7
154,021
60.1
6,576
4.1
95,512
5,308
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123,099
84,463
68.6
80,368
65.3
4,095
4.8
38,636
123,707
84,943
68.7
81,535
65.9
3,408
4.0
38,764
123,786
84,831
68.5
81,300
65.7
3,531
4.2
38,955
123,099
85,001
69.1
80,897
65.7
4,104
4.8
38,097
123,413
85,177
69.0
81,342
65.9
3,836
4.5
38,236
123,516
85,519
69.2
81,902
66.3
3,617
4.2
37,996
123,617
85,247
69.0
81,667
66.1
3,580
4.2
38,370
123,707
85,221
68.9
81,666
66.0
3,555
4.2
38,486
123,786
85,354
69.0
81,821
66.1
3,533
4.1
38,432
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114,603
81,640
71.2
77,984
68.0
3,656
4.5
32,963
115,212
82,257
71.4
79,349
68.9
2,909
3.5
32,954
115,292
82,193
71.3
79,025
68.5
3,168
3.9
33,099
114,603
81,996
71.5
78,396
68.4
3,600
4.4
32,607
114,918
82,297
71.6
78,887
68.6
3,410
4.1
32,621
115,020
82,561
71.8
79,393
69.0
3,168
3.8
32,459
115,120
82,366
71.5
79,248
68.8
3,118
3.8
32,755
115,212
82,375
71.5
79,324
68.9
3,050
3.7
32,837
115,292
82,548
71.6
79,431
68.9
3,117
3.8
32,745
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
131,643
74,505
56.6
71,430
54.3
3,075
4.1
57,138
132,242
75,523
57.1
72,645
54.9
2,877
3.8
56,719
132,323
75,048
56.7
72,301
54.6
2,747
3.7
57,275
131,643
74,735
56.8
71,336
54.2
3,398
4.5
56,909
131,943
75,420
57.2
72,129
54.7
3,291
4.4
56,523
132,047
75,563
57.2
72,422
54.8
3,142
4.2
56,484
132,149
75,124
56.8
72,179
54.6
2,945
3.9
57,026
132,242
75,312
57.0
72,251
54.6
3,061
4.1
56,930
132,323
75,243
56.9
72,200
54.6
3,043
4.0
57,080
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123,383
71,794
58.2
68,984
55.9
2,810
3.9
51,589
123,975
72,673
58.6
70,163
56.6
2,509
3.5
51,302
124,057
72,237
58.2
69,775
56.2
2,462
3.4
51,820
123,383
71,898
58.3
68,835
55.8
3,062
4.3
51,485
123,679
72,406
58.5
69,502
56.2
2,903
4.0
51,273
123,781
72,497
58.6
69,692
56.3
2,804
3.9
51,284
123,882
72,187
58.3
69,576
56.2
2,611
3.6
51,696
123,975
72,302
58.3
69,665
56.2
2,637
3.6
51,673
124,057
72,293
58.3
69,614
56.1
2,679
3.7
51,764
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,756
5,534
33.0
4,831
28.8
704
12.7
11,221
16,762
5,536
33.0
4,668
27.8
868
15.7
11,226
16,760
5,449
32.5
4,801
28.6
648
11.9
11,311
16,756
5,842
34.9
5,002
29.9
840
14.4
10,914
16,759
5,895
35.2
5,082
30.3
813
13.8
10,864
16,761
6,024
35.9
5,238
31.3
786
13.0
10,737
16,763
5,818
34.7
5,022
30.0
796
13.7
10,945
16,762
5,857
34.9
4,928
29.4
929
15.9
10,906
16,760
5,757
34.4
4,977
29.7
780
13.6
11,003
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
198,845
124,081
62.4
118,992
59.8
5,090
4.1
74,764
199,386
124,966
62.7
120,749
60.6
4,217
3.4
74,420
199,458
124,594
62.5
120,148
60.2
4,446
3.6
74,864
198,845
124,688
62.7
119,401
60.0
5,287
4.2
74,157
199,082
125,030
62.8
120,242
60.4
4,788
3.8
74,053
199,191
125,397
63.0
120,754
60.6
4,643
3.7
73,794
199,298
124,757
62.6
120,400
60.4
4,356
3.5
74,541
199,386
125,110
62.7
120,514
60.4
4,596
3.7
74,276
199,458
125,200
62.8
120,551
60.4
4,649
3.7
74,258
64,895
71.4
62,194
68.4
2,700
4.2
65,297
71.6
63,327
69.5
1,971
3.0
65,263
71.6
62,964
69.0
2,299
3.5
65,133
71.7
62,534
68.8
2,599
4.0
65,298
71.7
62,997
69.2
2,301
3.5
65,348
71.8
63,159
69.4
2,189
3.3
65,244
71.6
63,155
69.3
2,090
3.2
65,394
71.7
63,282
69.4
2,112
3.2
65,511
71.8
63,307
69.4
2,204
3.4
54,856
57.4
52,966
55.4
1,890
3.4
55,365
57.7
53,729
56.0
1,635
3.0
55,061
57.4
53,356
55.6
1,705
3.1
54,965
57.5
52,892
55.3
2,072
3.8
55,231
57.7
53,276
55.7
1,955
3.5
55,447
57.9
53,538
55.9
1,909
3.4
55,014
57.4
53,298
55.6
1,715
3.1
55,147
57.5
53,342
55.6
1,805
3.3
55,161
57.5
53,275
55.5
1,886
3.4
4,330
35.1
3,832
31.0
499
11.5
4,304
34.9
3,693
29.9
611
14.2
4,270
34.6
3,828
31.0
442
10.4
4,591
37.2
3,975
32.2
616
13.4
4,500
36.5
3,968
32.2
532
11.8
4,602
37.3
4,057
32.9
545
11.8
4,499
36.5
3,947
32.0
552
12.3
4,569
37.0
3,891
31.5
678
14.8
4,528
36.7
3,970
32.2
559
12.3
32,105
19,779
61.6
18,307
57.0
1,472
7.4
12,327
32,404
20,218
62.4
18,779
58.0
1,439
7.1
12,186
32,436
20,050
61.8
18,791
57.9
1,260
6.3
12,385
32,105
19,890
62.0
18,310
57.0
1,579
7.9
12,216
32,296
20,090
62.2
18,571
57.5
1,519
7.6
12,206
32,333
20,254
62.6
18,838
58.3
1,416
7.0
12,079
32,370
20,134
62.2
18,654
57.6
1,479
7.3
12,236
32,404
20,175
62.3
18,718
57.8
1,457
7.2
12,230
32,436
20,153
62.1
18,790
57.9
1,362
6.8
12,283
9,023
67.4
8,337
62.3
686
7.6
9,210
68.0
8,552
63.1
658
7.1
9,128
67.3
8,537
63.0
591
6.5
9,072
67.8
8,378
62.6
695
7.7
9,213
68.3
8,500
63.0
713
7.7
9,294
68.8
8,668
64.2
626
6.7
9,218
68.2
8,539
63.1
679
7.4
9,225
68.1
8,552
63.1
673
7.3
9,178
67.7
8,576
63.2
601
6.6
10,088
62.2
9,459
58.4
629
6.2
10,310
63.1
9,703
59.3
607
5.9
10,236
62.5
9,707
59.3
529
5.2
10,114
62.4
9,411
58.1
703
7.0
10,127
62.1
9,487
58.2
639
6.3
10,166
62.3
9,550
58.5
616
6.1
10,204
62.5
9,560
58.5
644
6.3
10,219
62.5
9,622
58.8
597
5.8
10,252
62.6
9,657
59.0
595
5.8
668
26.5
511
20.3
157
23.5
698
27.8
524
20.9
174
25.0
686
27.4
547
21.8
140
20.3
703
27.9
522
20.7
181
25.8
751
29.9
584
23.3
167
22.2
794
31.6
619
24.7
174
22.0
712
28.4
555
22.1
157
22.0
731
29.1
544
21.7
187
25.5
723
28.8
557
22.2
166
22.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dec.
2016
15,433
9,681
62.7
9,428
61.1
253
2.6
5,752
Nov.
2017
15,370
9,633
62.7
9,343
60.8
290
3.0
5,737
Dec.
2017
15,610
9,779
62.6
9,546
61.2
233
2.4
5,831
Dec.
2016
15,433
9,685
62.8
9,418
61.0
267
2.8
5,749
Aug.
2017
15,341
9,876
64.4
9,489
61.9
388
3.9
5,464
Sept.
2017
15,483
9,985
64.5
9,626
62.2
359
3.6
5,498
Oct.
2017
15,466
9,864
63.8
9,565
61.8
299
3.0
5,602
Nov.
2017
15,370
9,699
63.1
9,407
61.2
292
3.0
5,671
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.
Dec.
2017
15,610
9,782
62.7
9,536
61.1
246
2.5
5,829
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
41,190
27,032
65.6
25,450
61.8
1,582
5.9
14,158
41,751
27,479
65.8
26,196
62.7
1,283
4.7
14,272
41,831
27,429
65.6
26,077
62.3
1,352
4.9
14,402
41,190
27,098
65.8
25,513
61.9
1,586
5.9
14,092
41,492
27,325
65.9
25,925
62.5
1,400
5.1
14,167
41,579
27,609
66.4
26,209
63.0
1,400
5.1
13,970
41,665
27,319
65.6
25,999
62.4
1,321
4.8
14,346
41,751
27,389
65.6
26,088
62.5
1,301
4.8
14,361
41,831
27,498
65.7
26,141
62.5
1,356
4.9
14,334
14,832
79.9
14,059
75.7
773
5.2
14,999
79.8
14,432
76.8
567
3.8
15,090
80.1
14,457
76.7
634
4.2
14,825
79.8
14,109
76.0
716
4.8
15,012
80.4
14,303
76.6
709
4.7
15,110
80.7
14,502
77.5
608
4.0
14,959
79.7
14,380
76.7
579
3.9
14,969
79.6
14,400
76.6
569
3.8
15,084
80.1
14,507
77.0
577
3.8
11,062
58.8
10,435
55.5
627
5.7
11,314
59.3
10,769
56.4
545
4.8
11,165
58.4
10,604
55.5
561
5.0
11,084
58.9
10,427
55.4
657
5.9
11,098
58.5
10,576
55.8
522
4.7
11,249
59.2
10,637
56.0
612
5.4
11,146
58.5
10,601
55.7
546
4.9
11,222
58.8
10,676
56.0
546
4.9
11,189
58.5
10,598
55.4
591
5.3
1,138
29.8
956
25.1
182
16.0
1,166
30.1
995
25.7
171
14.7
1,174
30.3
1,017
26.2
158
13.4
1,189
31.2
976
25.6
213
17.9
1,215
31.5
1,046
27.1
169
13.9
1,250
32.4
1,070
27.7
180
14.4
1,214
31.4
1,018
26.3
196
16.1
1,198
30.9
1,012
26.2
185
15.5
1,225
31.6
1,037
26.8
188
15.4
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10,461
44.9
9,621
41.3
840
8.0
10,298
45.6
9,779
43.4
518
5.0
10,148
44.8
9,455
41.8
693
6.8
10,476
44.9
9,682
41.5
795
7.6
10,553
46.1
9,903
43.3
649
6.2
10,552
46.2
9,846
43.1
706
6.7
10,328
46.2
9,699
43.4
629
6.1
10,167
45.1
9,639
42.7
528
5.2
10,148
44.8
9,507
42.0
641
6.3
High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35,535
57.5
33,710
54.6
1,825
5.1
36,102
57.7
34,598
55.3
1,504
4.2
35,760
57.5
34,245
55.1
1,515
4.2
35,683
57.8
33,874
54.8
1,808
5.1
35,908
57.6
34,116
54.7
1,792
5.0
35,916
57.4
34,377
55.0
1,539
4.3
35,572
56.9
34,050
54.4
1,522
4.3
36,014
57.5
34,463
55.1
1,551
4.3
35,927
57.8
34,425
55.4
1,503
4.2
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38,188
66.0
36,795
63.6
1,394
3.6
38,075
66.4
36,747
64.1
1,328
3.5
37,897
66.2
36,590
63.9
1,307
3.4
38,216
66.1
36,751
63.6
1,465
3.8
37,247
65.6
35,845
63.1
1,402
3.8
37,540
65.9
36,189
63.5
1,351
3.6
37,761
65.8
36,385
63.4
1,376
3.6
37,955
66.2
36,579
63.8
1,376
3.6
37,906
66.2
36,534
63.8
1,372
3.6
Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54,095
73.6
52,843
71.9
1,252
2.3
55,498
73.6
54,424
72.2
1,074
1.9
55,824
73.4
54,701
72.0
1,123
2.0
54,128
73.7
52,789
71.9
1,339
2.5
55,576
73.9
54,247
72.1
1,329
2.4
55,621
74.1
54,378
72.5
1,242
2.2
55,612
73.8
54,477
72.3
1,135
2.0
55,501
73.6
54,348
72.1
1,153
2.1
55,852
73.5
54,653
71.9
1,200
2.1
1
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service
Dec.
2016
Men
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Women
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20,757
10,434
50.3
10,009
48.2
424
4.1
10,323
19,389
9,521
49.1
9,159
47.2
362
3.8
9,868
18,735
9,210
49.2
8,822
47.1
388
4.2
9,525
17,533
8,405
47.9
8,084
46.1
321
3.8
9,128
2,022
1,224
60.5
1,187
58.7
36
3.0
798
1,856
1,115
60.1
1,075
57.9
41
3.6
741
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,038
3,341
82.7
3,152
78.1
189
5.7
697
4,164
3,383
81.2
3,270
78.5
113
3.3
781
3,334
2,836
85.1
2,669
80.0
167
5.9
498
3,469
2,897
83.5
2,800
80.7
97
3.4
572
704
505
71.7
483
68.6
22
4.3
199
695
486
69.9
470
67.6
16
3.3
209
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,309
2,613
79.0
2,540
76.8
74
2.8
695
2,981
2,284
76.6
2,204
73.9
80
3.5
697
2,799
2,252
80.5
2,182
78.0
70
3.1
547
2,501
1,952
78.1
1,885
75.4
67
3.4
548
510
361
70.9
358
70.2
4
1.0
149
480
332
69.1
319
66.4
13
4.0
148
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,308
1,875
22.6
1,796
21.6
79
4.2
6,433
7,839
1,638
20.9
1,577
20.1
61
3.7
6,201
8,010
1,812
22.6
1,740
21.7
73
4.0
6,198
7,572
1,573
20.8
1,512
20.0
61
3.9
5,999
298
62
20.9
56
18.8
6
–
236
267
65
24.3
65
24.3
0
–
202
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,102
2,605
51.1
2,522
49.4
83
3.2
2,497
4,405
2,216
50.3
2,109
47.9
107
4.8
2,189
4,592
2,310
50.3
2,232
48.6
78
3.4
2,282
3,991
1,983
49.7
1,887
47.3
96
4.8
2,008
510
295
57.9
290
56.9
5
1.7
215
414
233
56.3
222
53.5
11
4.9
181
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
224,879
146,581
65.2
140,128
62.3
6,454
4.4
78,297
227,397
148,288
65.2
142,639
62.7
5,649
3.8
79,109
99,823
74,321
74.5
70,793
70.9
3,528
4.7
25,502
101,486
75,509
74.4
72,437
71.4
3,073
4.1
25,976
125,055
72,260
57.8
69,335
55.4
2,925
4.0
52,795
125,911
72,779
57.8
70,203
55.8
2,576
3.5
53,133
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
Persons with no disability
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .
30,131
6,054
20.1
5,509
18.3
545
9.0
24,077
29,780
6,211
20.9
5,690
19.1
522
8.4
23,569
224,611
152,914
68.1
146,289
65.1
6,625
4.3
71,697
226,329
153,668
67.9
147,912
65.4
5,757
3.7
72,661
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .
2,650
34.6
2,379
31.1
271
10.2
5,001
2,777
37.5
2,509
33.9
268
9.7
4,622
76,792
82.0
73,182
78.2
3,610
4.7
16,836
76,818
81.8
73,748
78.6
3,071
4.0
17,037
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .
2,347
28.9
2,152
26.5
195
8.3
5,763
2,327
30.2
2,134
27.7
193
8.3
5,367
67,993
70.4
65,264
67.6
2,729
4.0
28,522
68,380
70.6
65,960
68.1
2,421
3.5
28,461
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .
1,057
7.4
978
6.8
79
7.4
13,312
1,107
7.5
1,047
7.1
60
5.4
13,580
8,128
23.6
7,842
22.8
286
3.5
26,340
8,470
23.8
8,204
23.0
265
3.1
27,163
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity
Dec.
2016
Men
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Women
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .
41,623
27,062
65.0
25,881
62.2
1,181
4.4
14,561
41,546
27,143
65.3
26,091
62.8
1,052
3.9
14,403
20,196
15,560
77.0
14,945
74.0
615
4.0
4,636
19,966
15,612
78.2
15,058
75.4
554
3.5
4,354
21,427
11,501
53.7
10,935
51.0
566
4.9
9,925
21,579
11,531
53.4
11,033
51.1
498
4.3
10,048
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .
213,119
131,906
61.9
125,917
59.1
5,989
4.5
81,213
214,563
132,736
61.9
127,510
59.4
5,226
3.9
81,827
102,903
68,903
67.0
65,423
63.6
3,480
5.1
34,000
103,820
69,219
66.7
66,242
63.8
2,977
4.3
34,600
110,217
63,004
57.2
60,495
54.9
2,509
4.0
47,213
110,744
63,517
57.4
61,268
55.3
2,249
3.5
47,227
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
2,180
1,366
797
18
149,617
140,753
21,029
119,724
680
119,044
8,800
64
2,451
1,666
754
30
151,729
142,653
20,950
121,702
608
121,094
9,030
46
2,368
1,590
743
35
151,233
142,295
20,789
121,506
687
120,819
8,881
57
2,349
1,472
851
–
149,854
140,922
20,887
120,071
–
119,377
8,921
–
2,368
1,596
725
–
151,175
142,371
21,037
121,394
–
120,695
8,645
–
2,311
1,554
745
–
151,942
142,959
20,908
122,055
–
121,423
8,861
–
2,471
1,707
749
–
151,334
142,294
20,755
121,578
–
121,012
8,956
–
2,510
1,697
791
–
151,453
142,472
20,717
121,779
–
121,140
8,922
–
2,552
1,717
793
–
151,478
142,505
20,642
121,900
–
121,206
8,970
–
5,707
3,478
1,828
21,711
4,642
2,872
1,497
22,123
5,060
3,172
1,529
21,631
5,554
3,387
1,871
21,253
5,209
3,232
1,631
21,468
5,148
3,098
1,725
20,951
4,880
2,960
1,615
20,897
4,851
2,995
1,558
21,022
4,915
3,097
1,570
21,122
5,561
3,362
1,824
21,335
4,554
2,819
1,486
21,744
4,992
3,132
1,528
21,226
5,415
3,267
1,860
20,860
5,125
3,196
1,622
21,133
5,048
3,054
1,702
20,619
4,799
2,944
1,600
20,552
4,759
2,952
1,552
20,645
4,856
3,049
1,563
20,703
Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
151,798
4,831
1,661
3,170
146,967
13,999
132,968
98,417
34,219
31,564
32,634
34,551
154,180
4,668
1,794
2,874
149,512
13,963
135,549
99,823
34,821
32,316
32,685
35,726
153,602
4,801
1,803
2,998
148,801
13,809
134,991
99,547
34,614
32,302
32,631
35,444
152,233
5,002
1,750
3,253
147,231
14,120
133,071
98,427
34,204
31,573
32,650
34,644
153,471
5,082
1,923
3,150
148,389
14,227
134,086
98,584
34,317
31,830
32,437
35,502
154,324
5,238
1,972
3,206
149,085
14,211
134,845
99,235
34,652
32,045
32,538
35,610
153,846
5,022
1,932
3,070
148,824
14,183
134,716
99,227
34,666
32,094
32,468
35,489
153,917
4,928
1,929
2,996
148,989
13,982
135,009
99,407
34,692
32,146
32,568
35,602
154,021
4,977
1,907
3,075
149,045
13,936
135,083
99,535
34,606
32,304
32,625
35,548
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80,368
2,384
753
1,631
77,984
7,152
70,832
52,529
18,328
16,988
17,213
18,303
81,535
2,186
811
1,375
79,349
7,157
72,192
53,178
18,650
17,347
17,181
19,014
81,300
2,275
779
1,495
79,025
7,093
71,933
53,163
18,559
17,397
17,206
18,770
80,897
2,501
810
1,686
78,396
7,259
71,122
52,685
18,379
17,040
17,266
18,437
81,342
2,455
884
1,564
78,887
7,357
71,506
52,574
18,438
17,085
17,051
18,933
81,902
2,509
899
1,600
79,393
7,313
72,028
52,980
18,605
17,262
17,114
19,048
81,667
2,419
884
1,528
79,248
7,280
72,016
53,082
18,617
17,320
17,145
18,934
81,666
2,342
884
1,443
79,324
7,210
72,102
53,084
18,617
17,300
17,167
19,018
81,821
2,391
848
1,540
79,431
7,203
72,226
53,308
18,612
17,450
17,246
18,918
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71,430
2,446
908
1,538
68,984
6,847
62,136
45,889
15,891
14,577
15,421
16,248
72,645
2,482
983
1,499
70,163
6,806
63,357
46,645
16,171
14,969
15,504
16,712
72,301
2,526
1,024
1,502
69,775
6,717
63,058
46,385
16,055
14,905
15,425
16,674
71,336
2,501
941
1,567
68,835
6,861
61,949
45,742
15,825
14,533
15,384
16,208
72,129
2,627
1,039
1,586
69,502
6,870
62,580
46,011
15,880
14,745
15,386
16,569
72,422
2,729
1,073
1,606
69,692
6,898
62,817
46,255
16,047
14,784
15,425
16,562
72,179
2,603
1,048
1,541
69,576
6,903
62,700
46,146
16,049
14,774
15,323
16,555
72,251
2,586
1,044
1,552
69,665
6,772
62,906
46,322
16,074
14,846
15,402
16,584
72,200
2,586
1,059
1,535
69,614
6,733
62,857
46,227
15,994
14,853
15,380
16,630
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45,254
35,712
9,998
45,581
36,151
10,064
45,284
35,952
9,893
45,389
35,569
–
45,319
35,519
–
45,594
35,591
–
45,776
35,853
–
45,621
35,844
–
45,439
35,813
–
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123,570
28,228
126,468
27,713
125,985
27,616
124,301
27,890
125,882
27,529
126,676
27,603
126,636
27,142
126,758
27,138
126,723
27,257
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,675
5.1
7,593
4.9
7,776
5.1
7,558
5.0
7,350
4.8
7,350
4.8
7,209
4.7
7,342
4.8
7,647
5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,835
9,596
6,021
9,785
6,047
9,624
–
9,772
–
9,370
–
9,605
–
9,705
–
9,713
–
9,763
1
Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,502
840
365
492
6,662
1,235
5,420
4,131
1,694
1,300
1,137
1,267
6,616
929
455
506
5,688
1,075
4,638
3,474
1,545
1,023
906
1,144
6,576
780
341
467
5,796
1,063
4,735
3,528
1,615
992
921
1,200
4.7
14.4
17.2
13.1
4.3
8.0
3.9
4.0
4.7
4.0
3.4
3.5
4.4
13.8
14.6
12.9
4.1
7.2
3.7
3.9
4.9
3.4
3.4
3.2
4.2
13.0
13.9
12.8
3.9
7.6
3.5
3.5
4.4
3.2
3.1
3.2
4.1
13.7
15.0
13.2
3.7
7.2
3.3
3.4
4.4
3.0
2.7
3.1
4.1
15.9
19.1
14.4
3.7
7.1
3.3
3.4
4.3
3.1
2.7
3.1
4.1
13.6
15.2
13.2
3.7
7.1
3.4
3.4
4.5
3.0
2.7
3.3
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,104
504
207
304
3,600
736
2,838
2,150
906
673
571
688
3,555
505
231
287
3,050
662
2,406
1,747
793
485
468
659
3,533
416
158
271
3,117
620
2,480
1,814
841
471
502
667
4.8
16.8
20.3
15.3
4.4
9.2
3.8
3.9
4.7
3.8
3.2
3.6
4.5
14.8
15.1
14.5
4.1
7.7
3.7
3.9
5.0
3.2
3.5
3.2
4.2
15.2
15.6
15.2
3.8
8.7
3.4
3.4
4.3
2.9
3.0
3.1
4.2
16.0
17.4
15.7
3.8
8.0
3.3
3.3
4.3
2.8
2.7
3.3
4.2
17.7
20.7
16.6
3.7
8.4
3.2
3.2
4.1
2.7
2.7
3.4
4.1
14.8
15.7
15.0
3.8
7.9
3.3
3.3
4.3
2.6
2.8
3.4
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,398
336
158
189
3,062
499
2,583
1,981
788
627
567
594
3,061
424
224
219
2,637
413
2,232
1,727
752
538
438
483
3,043
364
183
196
2,679
443
2,254
1,714
774
521
418
546
4.5
11.8
14.4
10.8
4.3
6.8
4.0
4.2
4.7
4.1
3.6
3.5
4.4
12.9
14.2
11.3
4.0
6.6
3.7
3.9
4.7
3.6
3.4
3.1
4.2
11.0
12.5
10.3
3.9
6.4
3.6
3.7
4.4
3.5
3.1
3.4
3.9
11.4
12.8
10.6
3.6
6.3
3.3
3.5
4.5
3.3
2.7
2.9
4.1
14.1
17.7
12.4
3.6
5.8
3.4
3.6
4.5
3.5
2.8
2.8
4.0
12.3
14.7
11.3
3.7
6.2
3.5
3.6
4.6
3.4
2.6
3.2
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,272
1,071
621
969
833
590
1,033
942
552
2.7
2.9
5.8
2.6
2.8
7.2
2.3
2.5
6.5
2.0
2.4
5.6
2.1
2.3
5.5
2.2
2.6
5.3
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,092
1,465
5,189
1,421
5,314
1,295
4.7
5.0
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.5
3.9
5.0
4.0
4.5
1
Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .
3,668
1,117
2,550
1,863
687
842
2,003
657
2,907
807
2,100
1,483
617
757
1,978
644
3,298
1,010
2,288
1,604
684
673
1,827
480
3,627
1,019
2,608
1,903
705
896
2,202
791
3,497
1,030
2,467
1,777
690
790
2,137
653
3,316
891
2,425
1,728
697
737
2,068
663
3,214
862
2,352
1,688
664
731
2,001
626
3,149
950
2,200
1,539
661
739
2,025
697
3,254
915
2,339
1,636
703
715
2,003
581
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .
51.2
15.6
35.6
11.7
27.9
9.2
46.2
12.8
33.4
12.0
31.5
10.2
52.5
16.1
36.4
10.7
29.1
7.7
48.3
13.6
34.7
11.9
29.3
10.5
49.4
14.6
34.9
11.2
30.2
9.2
48.9
13.1
35.8
10.9
30.5
9.8
48.9
13.1
35.8
11.1
30.5
9.5
47.6
14.4
33.3
11.2
30.6
10.5
49.7
14.0
35.7
10.9
30.6
8.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .
2.3
0.5
1.3
0.4
1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4
2.1
0.4
1.1
0.3
2.3
0.6
1.4
0.5
2.2
0.5
1.3
0.4
2.1
0.5
1.3
0.4
2.0
0.5
1.2
0.4
2.0
0.5
1.3
0.4
2.0
0.4
1.2
0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,251
1,974
2,945
1,176
1,769
2,084
1,753
2,449
921
1,529
2,144
1,848
2,287
867
1,420
2,359
2,136
3,060
1,191
1,869
2,221
1,996
2,802
1,067
1,735
2,223
1,879
2,695
962
1,733
2,128
1,943
2,500
856
1,645
2,253
1,894
2,514
921
1,593
2,235
1,994
2,397
882
1,515
Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25.8
10.5
26.3
9.7
23.5
8.8
25.9
10.8
24.3
10.3
26.6
10.1
25.8
9.8
25.2
9.5
23.6
9.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31.4
27.5
41.1
16.4
24.7
33.2
27.9
39.0
14.6
24.3
34.1
29.4
36.4
13.8
22.6
31.2
28.3
40.5
15.8
24.7
31.6
28.4
39.9
15.2
24.7
32.7
27.6
39.7
14.2
25.5
32.4
29.6
38.0
13.0
25.0
33.8
28.4
37.7
13.8
23.9
33.7
30.1
36.2
13.3
22.9
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation
Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Unemployment
rates
Unemployed
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
151,798
60,069
153,602
62,121
7,170
1,361
6,278
1,290
4.5
2.2
3.9
2.0
25,216
34,853
26,459
33,976
16,019
17,958
25,760
36,361
25,826
33,633
15,985
17,649
609
752
1,493
1,482
768
714
514
775
1,405
1,268
627
641
2.4
2.1
5.3
4.2
4.6
3.8
2.0
2.1
5.2
3.6
3.8
3.5
13,653
926
7,790
4,938
14,299
1,107
8,198
4,994
1,064
170
724
170
961
195
600
166
7.2
15.5
8.5
3.3
6.3
15.0
6.8
3.2
17,641
8,315
9,326
17,722
8,546
9,177
1,097
487
610
865
376
489
5.9
5.5
6.1
4.7
4.2
5.1
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker
Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
7,170
5,581
27
670
630
366
264
955
241
87
251
879
667
899
276
166
401
365
6,278
4,841
41
554
505
289
217
841
208
108
143
712
706
833
189
210
460
287
4.5
4.5
3.7
7.4
4.0
3.7
4.5
4.6
3.6
3.1
2.6
5.3
2.9
6.4
4.2
11.2
1.9
3.6
3.9
3.8
5.1
5.9
3.3
3.0
3.8
4.1
3.0
3.8
1.5
4.2
3.0
6.2
2.8
11.9
2.2
2.9
Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Aug.
2017
Sept.
2017
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017
Dec.
2017
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
2.3
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.5
3.9
3.9
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.8
4.2
4.2
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
5.5
4.8
4.9
5.7
5.4
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
9.1
7.7
8.0
9.1
8.6
8.3
8.0
8.0
8.1
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category
Dec.
2016
Men
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Women
Dec.
2017
Dec.
2016
Dec.
2017
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .
95,774
5,449
1,684
426
1,258
96,230
5,071
1,623
474
1,149
38,636
2,631
963
295
668
38,955
2,330
811
316
495
57,138
2,819
721
131
590
57,275
2,742
812
158
654
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,675
5.1
4,204
2,078
282
1,050
7,776
5.1
4,391
1,964
269
1,091
3,630
4.5
2,235
682
162
521
3,744
4.6
2,335
668
154
560
4,045
5.7
1,969
1,396
120
529
4,032
5.6
2,056
1,296
116
531
1
Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
146,158
123,522
19,670
147,952
125,268
20,351
148,526
125,716
20,299
148,346
125,654
20,179
145,325
123,026
19,794
146,980
124,654
20,141
147,232
124,893
20,204
147,380
125,039
20,259
Change
from:
Nov.2017 Dec.2017p
148
146
55
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
669
50.3
618.3
177.7
179.7
50.2
39.3
731
50.0
680.5
179.3
188.7
52.1
38.9
735
51.1
683.6
180.3
187.8
51.1
38.7
730
51.2
678.9
178.9
184.4
50.9
38.9
668
51.0
616.8
177.3
182.0
49.7
39.1
722
48.8
673.3
178.9
186.5
51.6
39.0
727
49.9
677.5
179.0
187.1
50.9
38.8
727
50.7
675.8
177.9
186.3
50.5
38.8
0
0.8
-1.7
-1.1
-0.8
-0.4
0.0
90.2
260.9
97.7
312.5
98.0
315.5
94.6
315.6
93.2
257.5
95.9
307.9
97.4
311.4
97.1
311.6
-0.3
0.2
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .
6,660
1,491.9
751.0
740.9
885.3
4,282.5
1,882.7
2,399.8
7,125
1,564.7
783.0
781.7
1,023.7
4,536.6
1,988.5
2,548.1
7,057
1,556.2
778.4
777.8
982.9
4,517.7
1,982.3
2,535.4
6,910
1,544.4
780.0
764.4
917.2
4,448.4
1,954.6
2,493.8
6,783
1,503.2
753.6
749.6
935.0
4,345.0
1,912.2
2,432.8
6,936
1,534.1
767.5
766.6
962.9
4,439.3
1,952.8
2,486.5
6,963
1,543.5
772.6
770.9
957.9
4,461.3
1,961.4
2,499.9
6,993
1,550.4
780.8
769.6
957.2
4,485.1
1,971.4
2,513.7
30
6.9
8.2
-1.3
-0.7
23.8
10.0
13.8
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12,341
12,495
12,507
12,539
12,343
12,483
12,514
12,539
25
7,709
396.0
407.0
377.2
1,422.1
1,075.7
1,040.7
162.4
84.0
7,788
396.3
421.4
385.6
1,455.8
1,094.6
1,045.3
167.8
84.8
7,816
395.2
421.6
386.0
1,464.8
1,103.1
1,048.8
170.1
84.7
7,847
396.7
416.7
390.6
1,470.8
1,113.2
1,054.9
170.4
84.9
7,708
396.2
412.3
375.8
1,421.6
1,075.6
1,039.4
162.4
84.2
7,791
394.9
416.1
386.6
1,456.7
1,098.7
1,047.1
167.7
85.0
7,817
394.3
418.0
387.7
1,464.5
1,106.7
1,050.6
169.7
84.7
7,838
395.0
419.7
390.3
1,469.9
1,112.7
1,053.6
169.7
84.8
21
0.7
1.7
2.6
5.4
6.0
3.0
0.0
0.1
363.2
396.4
362.4
397.0
363.2
398.3
367.2
400.2
362.1
396.0
363.5
397.9
364.5
399.4
366.8
400.1
2.3
0.7
34.7
382.7
1,623.8
946.1
391.0
33.3
394.1
1,611.2
937.2
391.4
32.5
395.6
1,617.0
941.4
388.8
32.2
397.8
1,622.1
945.5
389.6
34.6
383.2
1,619.8
942.4
392.8
33.1
394.8
1,613.5
938.7
391.0
32.2
396.1
1,615.9
940.2
390.1
32.2
397.3
1,616.9
941.5
389.4
0.0
1.2
1.0
1.3
-0.7
592.7
592.2
595.3
594.9
591.4
591.5
592.8
592.8
0.0
4,632
1,565.8
112.2
112.8
129.8
368.7
444.1
110.0
812.5
695.8
4,707
1,618.2
110.1
109.2
118.3
369.0
436.6
115.6
823.4
706.8
4,691
1,606.3
109.9
109.6
118.2
370.0
436.7
113.0
821.8
711.2
4,692
1,609.7
110.5
108.8
116.8
369.9
436.6
108.4
828.5
713.1
4,635
1,568.2
112.2
112.8
128.9
368.3
442.3
111.0
809.8
698.3
4,692
1,608.7
110.2
108.7
117.3
369.9
436.0
112.6
826.2
710.2
4,697
1,611.9
109.5
108.7
116.5
370.8
435.0
112.2
826.5
713.5
4,701
1,616.4
110.3
108.5
115.8
369.6
433.9
110.3
828.4
714.6
4
4.5
0.8
-0.2
-0.7
-1.2
-1.1
-1.9
1.9
1.1
280.3
299.7
294.0
289.8
283.6
291.8
292.1
293.0
0.9
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
103,852
104,917
105,417
105,475
103,232
104,513
104,689
104,780
91
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28,090
27,479
28,025
28,220
27,374
27,415
27,458
27,448
-10
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
5,892.8
2,933.0
2,054.6
5,951.6
2,967.9
2,072.1
5,961.0
2,981.3
2,069.7
5,964.3
2,989.2
2,065.3
5,888.4
2,932.7
2,052.9
5,943.5
2,970.5
2,063.3
5,949.4
2,980.0
2,062.9
5,959.2
2,986.6
2,065.8
9.8
6.6
2.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2017p
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Change
from:
Nov.2017 Dec.2017p
Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
905.2
911.6
910.0
909.8
902.8
909.7
906.5
906.8
0.3
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,375.9
1,993.4
1,293.5
145.2
554.7
494.2
532.7
15,823.9
2,025.7
1,312.4
153.9
559.4
487.9
500.0
16,286.6
2,025.3
1,311.2
150.7
563.4
504.6
513.4
16,345.9
2,019.1
1,307.6
150.0
561.5
510.7
514.3
15,881.0
2,002.0
1,295.3
152.5
554.2
478.0
509.0
15,808.4
2,023.7
1,309.0
155.6
559.0
486.1
497.2
15,834.8
2,025.4
1,309.2
155.8
560.4
487.7
491.5
15,814.5
2,028.3
1,310.2
157.7
560.4
489.9
495.3
-20.3
2.9
1.0
1.9
0.0
2.2
3.8
1,242.9
3,117.5
1,080.8
929.9
1,489.7
1,284.6
3,080.1
1,044.7
942.0
1,308.1
1,282.1
3,111.3
1,065.5
947.1
1,434.8
1,276.0
3,124.0
1,067.4
938.2
1,457.9
1,283.2
3,097.0
1,065.0
934.3
1,340.8
1,306.2
3,080.3
1,046.9
939.9
1,317.2
1,309.6
3,091.6
1,050.5
944.1
1,316.0
1,311.5
3,098.1
1,046.6
941.1
1,312.2
1.9
6.5
-3.9
-3.0
-3.8
689.0
3,392.0
1,448.4
1,943.6
840.6
573.2
606.0
3,130.5
1,277.4
1,853.1
836.8
577.5
671.4
3,303.0
1,393.2
1,909.8
839.6
588.5
685.0
3,316.8
1,425.7
1,891.1
842.8
593.7
614.8
3,180.2
1,301.6
1,878.7
830.3
546.4
608.7
3,113.0
1,278.1
1,834.9
823.1
566.1
612.4
3,117.2
1,281.2
1,836.0
825.4
563.4
610.8
3,089.9
1,273.0
1,816.9
827.2
563.6
-1.6
-27.3
-8.2
-19.1
1.8
0.2
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,264.8
476.8
210.9
63.3
1,465.0
5,150.9
492.5
205.5
65.6
1,492.5
5,225.3
491.2
205.5
64.5
1,486.6
5,357.5
491.4
204.3
64.9
1,476.2
5,048.0
479.3
210.8
64.4
1,464.9
5,109.4
492.5
205.3
65.5
1,475.2
5,120.5
493.0
204.9
65.6
1,475.9
5,122.3
493.2
204.4
66.0
1,475.3
1.8
0.2
-0.5
0.4
-0.6
484.6
48.5
29.3
665.8
855.2
965.4
497.5
46.8
38.0
674.9
662.8
974.8
493.5
47.1
31.4
674.9
731.6
999.0
493.5
47.0
30.0
680.5
874.4
995.3
470.0
48.5
35.3
664.0
668.0
942.8
480.1
46.8
36.4
670.7
673.8
963.1
478.0
47.1
35.9
672.9
676.1
971.1
479.0
46.9
36.0
677.0
678.2
966.3
1.0
-0.2
0.1
4.1
2.1
-4.8
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
556.8
552.6
552.2
552.2
556.7
553.4
553.2
552.3
-0.9
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,775
733.2
2,715
718.8
2,729
719.6
2,730
719.5
2,762
729.5
2,714
717.4
2,715
717.2
2,722
716.0
7
-1.2
415.0
264.6
793.3
403.2
262.2
751.8
412.1
260.9
755.8
408.8
260.3
756.9
415.9
264.7
786.2
405.1
260.7
752.8
403.1
259.6
754.0
410.5
258.9
753.3
7.4
-0.7
-0.7
303.9
264.9
306.1
272.8
306.7
274.1
308.4
276.5
300.7
265.2
305.3
273.1
306.6
274.7
307.0
275.9
0.4
1.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .
8,373
6,210.7
18.9
8,489
6,266.9
18.7
8,485
6,268.8
18.7
8,505
6,284.9
18.7
8,364
6,194.6
18.8
8,485
6,267.4
18.7
8,492
6,268.1
18.7
8,498
6,271.8
18.7
6
3.7
0.0
2,644.3
1,709.1
1,313.2
626.4
308.8
2,659.2
1,713.2
1,310.7
631.5
314.5
2,661.1
1,716.1
1,312.4
630.2
314.8
2,668.4
1,717.3
1,313.1
632.3
318.8
2,637.9
1,708.9
1,310.9
621.9
307.0
2,663.7
1,719.3
1,314.9
629.7
314.7
2,663.7
1,719.3
1,315.0
628.9
315.6
2,664.8
1,717.9
1,313.9
628.8
318.2
1.1
-1.4
-1.1
-0.1
2.6
934.6
2,612.9
2,161.9
1,586.0
552.3
23.6
952.4
2,636.6
2,222.5
1,617.3
582.0
23.2
953.3
2,635.7
2,216.5
1,615.1
578.1
23.3
956.6
2,641.2
2,220.0
1,622.5
574.1
23.4
933.0
2,604.9
2,169.3
1,586.4
559.5
23.4
950.5
2,634.5
2,217.1
1,612.5
581.4
23.2
952.7
2,633.0
2,223.7
1,616.4
584.2
23.1
953.4
2,634.9
2,225.9
1,618.0
584.7
23.2
0.7
1.9
2.2
1.6
0.5
0.1
See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Change
from:
Nov.2017 Dec.2017p
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20,521
9,036.5
1,130.5
997.8
1,424.8
143.1
21,067
9,181.7
1,130.5
946.7
1,478.5
141.8
21,125
9,232.0
1,130.1
979.1
1,473.3
143.7
21,042
9,243.4
1,133.6
992.2
1,473.5
143.5
20,416
9,013.2
1,126.1
1,000.0
1,427.3
141.2
20,875
9,198.9
1,128.0
1,005.1
1,469.9
140.6
20,924
9,219.9
1,127.6
1,009.1
1,472.6
142.0
20,943
9,215.2
1,128.2
993.7
1,474.9
141.7
19
-4.7
0.6
-15.4
2.3
-0.3
2,028.1
2,081.7
2,087.9
2,079.8
2,031.5
2,071.5
2,075.0
2,078.3
3.3
1,422.3
1,469.8
1,477.8
1,478.5
1,407.4
1,457.0
1,463.6
1,464.4
0.8
694.6
491.4
703.9
2,265.6
9,218.9
8,807.5
510.5
140.7
3,759.5
3,093.1
941.8
708.8
489.6
734.3
2,283.7
9,601.8
9,182.8
531.8
147.2
3,880.4
3,193.2
930.2
710.5
489.5
740.1
2,289.4
9,603.6
9,186.0
534.4
146.7
3,923.2
3,231.5
941.6
711.9
491.5
738.9
2,298.5
9,499.9
9,081.8
536.2
147.9
3,907.8
3,214.2
940.0
695.0
488.3
696.4
2,258.9
9,143.6
8,730.6
510.4
140.6
3,618.0
2,961.6
920.0
711.2
487.3
728.1
2,287.4
9,388.4
8,970.0
531.6
146.3
3,748.4
3,073.4
915.3
711.4
487.1
731.4
2,290.2
9,413.9
8,995.5
532.6
146.7
3,767.4
3,090.3
918.7
711.6
489.6
732.8
2,294.0
9,434.1
9,014.1
535.3
148.0
3,778.2
3,097.3
915.3
0.2
2.5
1.4
3.8
20.2
18.6
2.7
1.3
10.8
7.0
-3.4
213.8
918.4
2,014.8
308.0
214.5
928.8
2,213.7
336.2
212.9
928.3
2,167.8
331.1
213.9
930.5
2,076.1
329.4
215.0
910.3
2,101.4
314.8
215.1
921.0
2,161.4
331.0
214.6
919.5
2,162.1
333.8
215.8
924.3
2,162.0
335.2
1.2
4.8
-0.1
1.4
411.4
419.0
417.6
418.1
413.0
418.4
418.4
420.0
1.6
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23,023
3,699.1
19,324.3
15,641.9
7,224.2
2,575.6
937.7
886.0
884.3
263.1
1,384.8
23,429
3,820.3
19,608.3
15,863.2
7,387.8
2,616.4
948.2
910.3
920.1
262.6
1,428.2
23,525
3,860.9
19,664.1
15,901.4
7,411.1
2,621.1
951.0
919.4
924.8
263.0
1,432.3
23,485
3,778.1
19,707.3
15,949.5
7,427.8
2,626.7
957.6
919.2
929.4
265.3
1,432.5
22,871
3,603.6
19,266.9
15,594.5
7,194.7
2,558.9
937.1
884.2
880.5
262.0
1,380.0
23,231
3,658.9
19,572.4
15,833.4
7,361.6
2,606.8
947.2
907.9
919.9
261.8
1,420.2
23,281
3,669.2
19,611.3
15,862.8
7,385.5
2,611.9
949.7
913.5
924.0
262.4
1,426.8
23,309
3,668.9
19,640.5
15,894.2
7,400.3
2,612.6
957.4
916.1
926.7
263.6
1,426.8
28
-0.3
29.2
31.4
14.8
0.7
7.7
2.6
2.7
1.2
0.0
292.7
5,087.3
3,330.4
1,651.1
616.2
302.0
5,144.9
3,330.5
1,630.5
620.9
299.5
5,149.6
3,340.7
1,634.5
624.4
297.1
5,166.9
3,354.8
1,638.9
628.2
291.9
5,077.0
3,322.8
1,645.8
615.8
297.9
5,139.6
3,332.2
1,630.7
622.3
297.2
5,140.4
3,336.9
1,631.9
624.6
297.1
5,152.8
3,341.1
1,631.8
627.5
-0.1
12.4
4.2
-0.1
2.9
899.1
164.0
3,682.4
2,261.8
166.6
336.2
917.8
912.3
166.8
3,745.1
2,312.8
168.6
336.5
927.2
913.5
168.3
3,762.7
2,324.5
169.8
337.5
930.9
918.9
168.8
3,757.8
2,321.9
172.7
336.4
926.8
897.3
163.9
3,672.4
2,262.0
166.0
335.5
908.9
912.4
166.9
3,739.0
2,314.7
169.5
336.9
917.9
912.3
168.1
3,748.5
2,322.0
170.3
337.3
918.9
913.2
168.6
3,746.3
2,319.2
170.9
337.1
919.1
0.9
0.5
-2.2
-2.8
0.6
-0.2
0.2
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
15,394
2,059.8
424.9
15,951
2,244.6
473.7
15,738
2,125.2
452.5
15,703
2,109.4
450.3
15,744
2,245.9
449.8
16,004
2,285.9
467.2
16,021
2,283.1
466.8
16,050
2,286.9
470.3
29
3.8
3.5
153.4
1,481.5
13,334.5
169.4
1,601.5
13,706.7
164.4
1,508.3
13,613.1
164.9
1,494.2
13,593.8
161.4
1,634.7
13,498.4
168.8
1,649.9
13,717.9
171.3
1,645.0
13,737.4
173.5
1,643.1
13,762.8
2.2
-1.9
25.4
Industry
Private service-providing - Continued
See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Change
from:
Nov.2017 Dec.2017p
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .
1,882.8
11,451.7
1,948.9
11,757.8
1,911.3
11,701.8
1,899.6
11,694.2
1,949.5
11,548.9
1,961.7
11,756.2
1,965.0
11,772.4
1,965.3
11,797.5
0.3
25.1
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .
5,676
1,275.9
1,461.9
2,938.2
5,787
1,299.5
1,504.9
2,982.8
5,790
1,297.6
1,509.6
2,982.5
5,790
1,296.5
1,511.0
2,982.2
5,701
1,287.7
1,462.6
2,950.4
5,789
1,299.6
1,503.2
2,985.8
5,798
1,303.1
1,506.8
2,988.2
5,810
1,304.4
1,510.7
2,994.5
12
1.3
3.9
6.3
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
22,636
2,837.0
2,199.8
637.4
5,190.0
2,524.2
2,665.9
14,609.0
8,246.2
6,363.2
22,684
2,804.0
2,189.6
614.7
5,210.0
2,559.7
2,650.6
14,670.0
8,238.5
6,431.5
22,810
2,794.0
2,180.9
613.4
5,249.0
2,600.9
2,648.2
14,767.0
8,333.5
6,433.1
22,692
2,819.0
2,190.8
628.0
5,177.0
2,530.0
2,646.7
14,696.0
8,293.2
6,402.5
22,299
2,819.0
2,199.7
619.1
5,085.0
2,414.1
2,671.1
14,395.0
7,944.6
6,450.0
22,326
2,807.0
2,191.2
615.6
5,062.0
2,403.5
2,658.4
14,457.0
7,984.7
6,472.2
22,339
2,802.0
2,189.5
612.9
5,070.0
2,411.6
2,657.9
14,467.0
7,987.4
6,479.2
22,341
2,803.0
2,189.9
612.6
5,066.0
2,408.6
2,657.1
14,472.0
7,990.0
6,482.3
2
1.0
0.4
-0.3
-4.0
-3.0
-0.8
5.0
2.6
3.1
Industry
Accommodation and food services Continued
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .
34.4
40.2
43.7
38.9
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.3
34.4
38.9
31.1
38.8
42.5
36.1
37.4
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.9
34.4
40.4
45.4
39.0
40.9
41.5
40.0
33.3
34.4
39.0
31.0
38.8
42.2
36.3
37.5
36.0
32.9
26.1
31.7
34.5
40.5
45.5
39.1
40.9
41.4
40.2
33.3
34.7
39.2
31.3
39.0
42.2
36.1
37.6
36.0
32.9
26.1
31.7
34.5
40.5
45.8
39.3
40.8
41.4
39.9
33.4
34.6
39.3
31.2
38.9
41.9
36.2
37.6
36.0
33.0
26.2
31.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
Industry
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$25.98
27.24
32.48
28.40
26.33
27.60
24.13
25.68
22.54
29.91
17.97
23.50
38.72
37.45
32.71
31.23
26.02
15.12
23.39
$26.51
27.77
32.66
29.10
26.75
28.02
24.56
26.21
22.90
30.02
18.26
24.07
39.64
38.30
33.66
31.85
26.48
15.55
23.92
$26.54
27.76
32.57
29.17
26.71
28.00
24.49
26.26
22.96
30.22
18.28
24.16
39.46
38.47
33.69
31.90
26.51
15.60
23.99
$26.63
27.81
32.59
29.24
26.74
28.06
24.45
26.35
23.04
30.30
18.34
24.26
39.36
38.59
33.88
32.04
26.58
15.66
24.04
$893.71
1,095.05
1,419.38
1,104.76
1,071.63
1,137.12
962.79
855.14
775.38
1,163.50
558.87
911.80
1,645.60
1,351.95
1,223.35
1,124.28
856.06
393.12
746.14
$911.94
1,121.91
1,482.76
1,134.90
1,094.08
1,162.83
982.40
872.79
787.76
1,170.78
566.06
933.92
1,672.81
1,390.29
1,262.25
1,146.60
871.19
405.86
758.26
$915.63
1,124.28
1,481.94
1,140.55
1,092.44
1,159.20
984.50
874.46
796.71
1,184.62
572.16
942.24
1,665.21
1,388.77
1,266.74
1,148.40
872.18
407.16
760.48
$918.74
1,126.31
1,492.62
1,149.13
1,090.99
1,161.68
975.56
880.09
797.18
1,190.79
572.21
943.71
1,649.18
1,396.96
1,273.89
1,153.44
877.14
410.29
764.47
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Industry
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2017 Dec.
2017p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106.2
90.7
91.7
91.0
90.4
89.4
92.3
110.6
102.4
99.9
100.3
112.1
102.4
91.1
102.4
115.6
122.9
116.8
104.9
107.6
92.7
103.0
93.2
91.9
91.0
93.7
112.0
102.6
101.1
99.5
113.5
101.0
90.0
104.2
118.2
124.8
119.2
105.8
108.1
93.2
103.9
93.8
92.1
91.1
94.2
112.2
103.6
101.8
100.7
114.3
101.0
89.5
104.6
118.5
125.1
119.3
106.0
108.3
93.5
104.6
94.7
92.0
91.4
93.6
112.6
103.3
102.2
100.2
114.0
100.1
90.0
104.6
118.6
125.6
120.0
106.5
0.2
0.3
0.7
1.0
-0.1
0.3
-0.6
0.4
-0.3
0.4
-0.5
-0.3
-0.9
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.5
1
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2017 Dec.
2017p
131.9
111.6
119.6
112.2
110.7
109.6
113.0
138.0
124.2
124.7
119.2
133.7
131.0
121.4
130.7
146.3
153.8
142.5
134.4
136.4
116.4
135.1
117.9
114.3
113.3
116.7
142.6
126.4
126.7
120.2
138.6
132.3
122.7
136.8
152.5
159.0
149.5
138.7
137.2
117.0
135.9
118.9
114.4
113.3
117.1
143.1
128.1
128.3
121.7
140.1
131.7
122.6
137.4
153.1
159.5
150.2
139.3
137.8
117.5
136.9
120.4
114.5
113.8
116.1
144.2
128.1
129.2
121.5
140.4
130.2
123.6
138.3
153.9
160.6
151.6
140.4
0.4
0.4
0.7
1.3
0.1
0.4
-0.9
0.8
0.0
0.7
-0.2
0.2
-1.1
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.9
0.8
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)
Percent of all employees
Industry
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .
72,066
59,275
4,348
99
853
3,396
1,809
1,587
54,927
11,084
1,744.0
7,971.9
1,239.4
129.1
1,106
4,746
9,160
17,632
8,196
3,003
12,791
72,757
59,926
4,426
99
881
3,446
1,822
1,624
55,500
10,967
1,753.8
7,839.2
1,246.7
127.0
1,075
4,784
9,398
17,879
8,334
3,063
12,831
72,923
60,083
4,450
101
888
3,461
1,833
1,628
55,633
10,983
1,755.1
7,846.4
1,253.8
127.3
1,073
4,789
9,454
17,905
8,363
3,066
12,840
72,970
60,125
4,457
99
893
3,465
1,833
1,632
55,668
10,965
1,753.2
7,829.2
1,256.2
126.4
1,074
4,787
9,444
17,928
8,394
3,076
12,845
49.6
48.2
22.0
14.8
12.6
27.5
23.5
34.2
53.2
40.5
29.6
50.2
24.6
23.2
40.0
56.7
44.9
77.1
52.1
52.7
57.4
49.5
48.1
22.0
13.7
12.7
27.6
23.4
34.6
53.1
40.0
29.5
49.6
24.4
22.9
39.6
56.4
45.0
77.0
52.1
52.9
57.5
49.5
48.1
22.0
13.9
12.8
27.7
23.4
34.7
53.1
40.0
29.5
49.6
24.5
23.0
39.5
56.4
45.2
76.9
52.2
52.9
57.5
49.5
48.1
22.0
13.6
12.8
27.6
23.4
34.7
53.1
39.9
29.4
49.5
24.5
22.9
39.5
56.3
45.1
76.9
52.3
52.9
57.5
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
101,372
14,247
468
5,123
8,656
5,300
3,356
87,125
23,009
4,712.5
13,461.8
4,387.6
447.4
2,227
6,512
16,697
20,069
13,886
4,725
102,735
14,475
522
5,189
8,764
5,348
3,416
88,260
23,146
4,763.7
13,487.9
4,449.7
444.8
2,188
6,598
17,028
20,403
14,108
4,789
102,910
14,524
527
5,208
8,789
5,367
3,422
88,386
23,159
4,769.8
13,489.1
4,455.8
444.5
2,184
6,600
17,081
20,450
14,117
4,795
103,033
14,584
532
5,239
8,813
5,388
3,425
88,449
23,166
4,778.7
13,480.1
4,462.5
444.7
2,191
6,602
17,072
20,480
14,137
4,801
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .
33.6
41.0
45.5
39.2
41.9
42.3
41.1
32.3
33.6
38.8
29.8
38.6
42.9
35.8
37.0
35.2
32.2
24.8
30.9
33.7
41.2
46.1
39.5
42.0
42.4
41.3
32.5
33.9
39.1
30.3
38.3
42.6
35.8
36.9
35.4
32.3
24.8
30.7
33.8
41.3
46.3
39.7
42.0
42.3
41.4
32.5
34.0
39.1
30.5
38.4
42.5
35.6
37.0
35.4
32.3
24.9
30.8
33.8
41.3
46.4
39.8
41.9
42.4
41.2
32.5
34.0
39.2
30.4
38.5
42.3
35.8
37.0
35.5
32.3
24.9
30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.5
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.3
Industry
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$21.80
22.80
27.36
26.23
20.63
21.63
19.02
21.59
19.19
24.45
15.28
20.91
35.81
30.44
26.32
25.81
22.77
13.04
19.57
$22.20
23.33
27.70
26.90
21.06
22.04
19.49
21.96
19.45
24.75
15.39
21.56
36.14
30.82
26.72
26.24
23.13
13.47
20.18
$22.23
23.36
27.70
26.95
21.07
22.04
19.51
21.99
19.51
24.85
15.45
21.60
36.09
30.96
26.62
26.27
23.19
13.52
20.23
$22.30
23.46
27.86
27.04
21.14
22.10
19.57
22.06
19.55
24.88
15.51
21.58
36.05
30.97
26.75
26.33
23.26
13.58
20.25
$732.48
934.80
1,244.88
1,028.22
864.40
914.95
781.72
697.36
644.78
948.66
455.34
807.13
1,536.25
1,089.75
973.84
908.51
733.19
323.39
604.71
$748.14
961.20
1,276.97
1,062.55
884.52
934.50
804.94
713.70
659.36
967.73
466.32
825.75
1,539.56
1,103.36
985.97
928.90
747.10
334.06
619.53
$751.37
964.77
1,282.51
1,069.92
884.94
932.29
807.71
714.68
663.34
971.64
471.23
829.44
1,533.83
1,102.18
984.94
929.96
749.04
336.65
623.08
$753.74
968.90
1,292.70
1,076.19
885.77
937.04
806.28
716.95
664.70
975.30
471.50
830.83
1,524.92
1,108.73
989.75
934.72
751.30
338.14
623.70
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Industry
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2017 Dec.
2017p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113.5
89.3
113.2
100.6
83.3
84.3
81.3
119.8
107.8
107.7
101.5
127.5
98.2
91.0
113.4
131.7
137.8
126.1
102.4
115.4
91.1
127.9
102.6
84.5
85.2
83.1
122.2
109.4
109.7
103.4
128.3
96.9
89.4
114.6
135.1
140.5
128.2
103.1
115.9
91.7
129.7
103.5
84.7
85.3
83.5
122.3
109.8
109.8
104.1
128.8
96.6
88.7
115.0
135.5
140.8
128.8
103.6
116.0
92.0
131.2
104.4
84.8
85.9
83.1
122.4
109.8
110.3
103.7
129.3
96.2
89.5
115.0
135.8
141.0
128.9
103.7
0.1
0.3
1.2
0.9
0.1
0.7
-0.5
0.1
0.0
0.5
-0.4
0.4
-0.4
0.9
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
Dec.
2016
Oct.
2017
Nov.
2017p
Dec.
2017p
Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2017 Dec.
2017p
165.3
124.6
180.1
142.4
112.3
113.8
109.2
177.4
147.5
155.1
133.0
169.1
146.7
137.1
183.7
202.3
207.1
186.8
146.0
171.1
130.2
206.0
149.1
116.4
117.3
114.5
184.0
151.8
159.9
136.5
175.5
146.2
136.4
188.4
211.0
214.5
196.0
151.6
172.2
131.1
208.9
150.7
116.8
117.4
115.1
184.5
152.8
160.8
137.9
176.5
145.5
136.0
188.3
211.8
215.6
197.7
152.7
172.9
132.2
212.5
152.4
117.2
118.5
115.0
185.2
153.1
161.7
137.9
177.0
144.8
137.3
189.3
212.8
216.5
198.8
153.0
0.4
0.8
1.7
1.1
0.3
0.9
-0.1
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.3
-0.5
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.2
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION—DECEMBER 2017 |
| File Modified | 2018-01-29 |
| File Created | 2018-01-04 |